OBJECTIVETo investigate the prevalence of anemia and related risk factors in infants aged 6-12 months from rural areas of southern Shaanxi Province.

METHODSA questionnaire survey was used to collect the basic information on infants aged 6-12 months and their families from rural areas of southern Shaanxi Province, China. The content of hemoglobin was measured in these infants. A multivariate logistic stepwise regression analysis was performed to determine the risk factors for the development of anemia in infants.

RESULTSA total of 1 802 infants and their families participated in the survey, and there were 1 770 valid samples. A total of 865 infants (865/1 770, 48.87%) were found to have anemia. The multivariate logistic stepwise regression analysis showed that breastfeeding after birth (lack of scientific supplementary food) increased the risk of anemia in infants (OR=1.768, P<0.01). Addition of supplementary food which met the criteria for minimum feeding frequency recommended by WHO (OR=0.779, P<0.05) and formula milk feeding (OR=0.658, P<0.01) were protective factors against anemia in infants.

CONCLUSIONSIn the rural areas in southern Shaanxi Province, anemia in infants aged 6-12 months is still a serious public health problem. Improper feeding can increase the risk of anemia in infants, and scientific addition of supplementary food is the key to reducing anemia in infants.

Anemia ; etiology ; Breast Feeding ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Risk Factors

Objective: To investigate the development status and risk factors of infants and toddlers in rural China. Methods: In this cohort study, 603 infants (6-12 months of age, Phase Ⅰ) in the rural areas of QinLing-Bashan (Qin-Ba) in Shaanxi were recruited in the control group that received no intervention from April 2013 to October 2015. Three follow-up visits were performed every six months (Phase Ⅱ(12-18 months of age), Phase Ⅲ (18-24 months of age) and Phase Ⅳ(24-30 months of age)). In all the 4 phases (Ⅰ-Ⅳ), general data of the children and the families were collected by questionnaires, early childhood growth and development were assessed by door to door visits, children's hemoglobin levels were determined by laboratory tests, and the cognitive and motor development screening was conducted by the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development. Logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors affecting the development of infants and toddlers in rural areas and the data were analyzed in terms of risk factors from infants, guardians and family. Results: Phase Ⅱ, Phase Ⅲ and Phase Ⅳ survey recruited 497, 483 and 486 participants respectively. The incidences of cognitive impairment (mental development scores<80) in rural areas of southern Shaanxi were 13.4% (81/603) in Phase Ⅰ(6-12 months), 20.1%(100/497) in PhaseⅡ(12-18 months), 42.9% (207/483) in Phase Ⅲ(18-24 months) and 50.4%(245/486) in Phase Ⅳ(24-30 months) respectively, which showed a significant increase with age (χ²=233.40, P<0.01); the incidences of psychomotor impairment (psychomotor development scores<80) of Phase Ⅰ, Phase Ⅱ, Phase Ⅲ and Phase Ⅳ were 25.0% (151/603), 26.8% (133/497), 8.3% (40/483) and 11.9% (58/486), which showed a significant decrease with age (χ²=87.08, P<0.01). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the leading risk factor of the cognitive development of 24-30-month-old children was the mothers' poor education background (≤9 years of school education) (OR=2.56, P<0.01), and the main risk factors affecting psychomotor development were the mothers' poor education background (≤9 years of school education) (OR=2.64, P<0.05) and growth retardation (OR=2.95, P=0.07). Conclusions The early childhood development (especially cognitive development) in the rural areas of Qin-Ba in Shaanxi of China is not optimistic. More attention should be paid to the early childhood development in rural China, especially to the development of children from the mothers with poor education background.

This study was performed to explore the downstream mechanism of TRIB3 mediated macrophage pro-inflammatory M1 polarization under high glucose condition.RAW264.7 were divided into CON-DMSO group,CON-SC79 group,HG-DMSO group,and HG-SC79 group.Western blot was used to detect the protein expressions of TRIB3,AKT and p-AKT.Then,RAW264.7 were divided into control vector-DMSO group,TRIB3 overexpress-DMSO group,control vector-SC79 group,TRIB3 overexpress-SC79 group,control vector-MK2206 group,and TRIB3 overexpress-MK2206 group.CCK-8 was used to detect cells activity;phase contrast microscope was used to observe cell morphology;Western blot was used to detedcted the protein expressions of TRIB3,AKT,p-AKT,iNOS and Arg-1.ELISA was used to detedcted the protein secretion of IL-1β and IL-10.Data showed that TRIB3 was significantly increased and p-AKT/AKT was significantly decreased in HG group as compared with the CON group.Compared with corresponding control vector group,TRIB3 was significantly increased and p-AKT/AKT was significantly decreased in TRIB3 overexpress group.Compared with corresponding DMSO group,p-AKT/AKT was significantly increased in SC79 group,and was significantly decreased in MK2206 group.Compared with TRIB3 overexpress-DMSO group,TRIB3 overexpress-SC79 group showed significant reduction in spindle shaped and irregular shaped cells,significantly decreased iNSO and IL-1β,and significantly increased IL-10.TRIB3 overexpress-MK2206 group showed further increase in spindle and irregular shaped cells,significantly decreased Arg-1 and IL-10,and significantly increased IL-β.In conclusion,TRIB3 activated under high glucose condition exerts pro-inflammatory effect by targeting AKT phosphorylation to induce M1 polarization and inhibit M2 polarization in macrophages.

Objective To determine the antioxidant activity of different polar fractions of Jasmine leaves.Methods The extract of jasmine flo wer leaves was extracted with petroleum ether,ethyl acetate and n-butanol to obtain the petroleum ether,ethyl acetate,n-butanol and water fractions.The scavenging abilities of different polar fractions of jasmine leaf on 1,1-two-2-three nitro phenyl hydrazine (DPPH) free radicals,ABTS + radicals,O2-radicals,OH-radicals and the reduction of Fe3 +,Fe2+ were investigated and were compared with that on 2,6-tert butyl -4-methyl phenol (BHT).Results All the fractions had the ability to scavenge DPPH free radicals and ABTS + radicals.The petroleum ether fracton had the strongest ability to scavenge oxygen anion radicals and the ability of different fractions to scavenge hydroxyl radicals was n-butanol ＞ ethyl acetate ＞ petroleum ether ＞ water.For the ability to restore Fe3 +,the most powerful was water reducing part,the weakest was the ethyl acetate part,for the ability of chelating Fe2+ ethyl acetate part was higher than BHT,and the n-butanol part was the weakest.Conclusion The different polar fractions of Guangxi Jasmine leaves had certain antioxidant activity.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of sinomenine on the level of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) and in the heterotopic tissue in rats with endometriosis.

METHODSThe rats with endometriosis were divided into sinomenine lavage group, blank control group, model group and danazol group, and the levels of TNF-alpha and NF-kappaB in the heterotopic tissues of the rats were detected with immunohistochemistry.

RESULTSSinomenine lavage and danazol treatment both significantly decreased the levels of levels of TNF-alpha and NF-kappaB in the heterotopic tissues of the rats as compared with the model group (P<0.05), and lesions were significantly smaller in sinomenine lavage group than in danazol group.

CONCLUSIONSinomenine can inhibit the production and activity of TNF-alpha and NF-kappaB to suppress the adhesion, implantation, infiltration and growth of the endometrial cells in the rat model of endometriosis.

Animals ; Choristoma ; metabolism ; Danazol ; pharmacology ; Endometriosis ; metabolism ; Female ; Morphinans ; pharmacology ; NF-kappa B ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo investigate the diagnostic accuracy of flexirigid thoracoscopy for pleural diseases and the patients' compliance.

METHODSForty-seven patients with pleural effusion and thickening of unknown etiology underwent examinations with flexirigid thoracoscopy with subsequent pathological examination, and the diagnostic accuracy and the patients' compliance were observed.

RESULTSThoracoscopy identified lesions in the pleural and/or diaphragm in 42 patients and no lesions in 5 patients. Malignancy was confirmed in 21 (44.7%), tuberculosis in 17 (36.2%), idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome in 1 (2.1%), nocardiasis in 1 (2.1%), constrictive pericarditis in 1 (2.1%), chronic empyema in 2 (4.3%), splenic artery embolization in 1 (2.1%), and negative result in 3 (6.4%) of the cases. The diagnostic accuracy rate of flexirigid thoracoscopy reached 93.6%, and no serious complications in relation to the examination was found.

CONCLUSIONFlexirigid thoracoscopy is efficient and relatively safe for diagnosis of pleural diseases with or without hydrothorax.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pleural Diseases ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Thoracoscopy ; adverse effects ; methods ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo investigate the interaction of deficiency in thrombosis-related gene in a mouse model.

METHODSTo generate mice carrying mutations in alpha-galactosidase A (Gla) and factor V Leiden (Fvl) and analyze the phenotypes, namely, tissue fibrin deposition and thrombus formation in organs.

RESULTSFibrin deposition in organs of mice carrying both mutations in Gla and Fvl was significantly increased compared with that in mice with single mutaton: [Gla(-/0) Fv(Q/Q)+Gla(-/-)Fv(Q/Q)] vs.[Gla(-/0)Fv(+/+)]=(0.28+/-0.03)% vs.(0.07+/-0.007)%, P<0.01; [Gla(-/0)Fv(Q/Q)+Gla(-/-)Fv(Q/Q)] vs.[Gla(+/0)Fv(Q/Q)+Gla(+/+)Fv(Q/Q)]=(0.28+/-0.03)% vs.(0.11+/-0.02)%, P< 0.01. Meanwhile, the number of thrombi on organ sections of mice carrying both mutations in Gla and Fvl was significantly increased compared with the single mutation carrier: [Gla(-/0)Fv(Q/Q)+Gla(-/-)Fv(Q/Q)] vs.[Gla(-/0)Fv(+/+)]=1.9+/-0.7 vs. 0.0+/-0.0, P<0.05; [Gla(-/0)Fv(Q/Q)+Gla(-/-)Fv(Q/Q)] vs. [Gla(+/0)Fv(Q/Q)+Gla(+/+)Fv(Q/Q)]=1.9+/-0.7 vs. 0.3+/-0.1, P<0.05.

CONCLUSIONThese observations demonstrated that there was synergistic effect in Gla and Fvl deficiency in mice. It suggested that there could be a combination of GLA deficiency and FVL or other thrombosis-related gene defect in patients with genetic severe early-onset thrombosis.

Animals ; Factor V ; genetics ; Fibrin ; metabolism ; Immunohistochemistry ; Mice ; Mutation ; Thrombosis ; genetics ; metabolism ; alpha-Galactosidase ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo explore a simply, effective dynamical method to correct late facial palsy.

METHODSThe method of suspending of M. temporalis, temporal fascia was reformed below: (1) To prolong flap of M. temporalis, temporal fascia by parietal periosteum. (2) To elevate the reversal level of compound flap. (3) To fill depressed temporal area by silica gel piece.

RESULTSThe compound flap is united structurally and long enough to transfer. Temporal defect is recontoured. And zygomatic area is no longer protruded.

CONCLUSIONSThe reformative method resists defect of the old one and obtains a dynamical result.

Adult ; Facial Paralysis ; surgery ; Fascia ; transplantation ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Skull ; transplantation ; Surgical Flaps ; Temporal Muscle ; transplantation ; Young Adult

Objective To observe the effects of electroacupuncture at"Ciliao","Zhongji","Sanyinjiao"and"Dazhui"on urodynamics and expression of ERK/CREB/Bcl-2 pathway in spinal cord tissue of neurogenic bladder rats after suprasacral spinal cord injury.Methods Sixty female SD rats randomly selected 24 and divided into blank group and sham-operation group(12 rats in each group),the remaining 36 rats were subjected to surgical modeling.After modeling,rats were randomly divided into the model group and the electroacupuncture group,with 12 rats in each group.The electroacupuncture group received unilateral electroacupuncture stimulation at acupoints"Ciliao","Zhongji","Sanyinjiao",and"Dazhui"for 30 minutes each time,once a day,for 7 consecutive days.After administration,urodynamic testing was performed,HE staining was used to observe the morphology of bladder detrusor tissue,TUNEL method was used to detected apoptosis in spinal cord tissue,Western blot was used to detected expressions of p-ERK1/2,p-CREB,p-p90Rsk,CRE,Bcl-2,and Bax proteins in spinal cord tissue.Results Compared with the sham-operation group,the basal pressure,maximum pressure,and leakage point pressure of the bladder in the model group increased significantly(P<0.01),while the maximum capacity and compliance of the bladder decreased significantly(P<0.01);the structure of bladder smooth muscle cells was severely damaged and disorderly arranged,accompanied by a large amount of inflammatory cell infiltration;the apoptosis rate of spinal cord tissue cells significantly increased(P<0.01),and the expressions of p-ERK1/2,p-p90Rsk,p-CREB,CRE,and Bcl-2 proteins in spinal cord tissue were significantly decreased,while the expression of Bax protein significantly increased(P<0.01).Compared with the model group,the basal pressure,maximum pressure,and leakage point pressure of the bladder in the electroacupuncture group decreased significantly(P<0.05),while the maximum capacity and compliance of the bladder increased significantly(P<0.05,P<0.01);the integrity of bladder smooth muscle cells was enhanced,the degree of cell edema was reduced,and inflammatory cell infiltration was reduced;the apoptosis rate of spinal cord tissue cells was significantly reduced(P<0.05),and the expressions of p-ERK1/2,p-p90Rsk,p-CREB,CRE,and Bcl-2 proteins in spinal cord tissue significantly increased,while the expression of Bax protein was significantly decreased(P<0.05,P<0.01).Conclusion Electroacupuncture can promote the repair of bladder detrusor tissue in rats with neurogenic bladder model after suprasacral spinal cord injury,increase the maximum capacity and compliance of the bladder,alleviate the high pressure state in the bladder,and its mechanism is related to activating the ERK/CREB/Bcl-2 pathway,reducing secondary apoptosis of damaged neurons,effectively improving bladder innervation,and protecting bladder function.