Objective To discuss the application indications of emergency thoracotomy (ET) and the surgical strategy in the treatment of chest trauma .Methods The clinical data of 35 chest trauma patients treated by ET from January 2010 to March 2014 were analyzed retrospectively .Results In 35 cases ,the injury severity score (ISS) was 12-65 ,average 31 .63 .23 cases were pene‐trating injuries and 12 cases were blunt injuries .28 cases (80 .00% ) manifest as shock on admission .Blood loss in all cases was 1 000-5 000 mL ,average 2 400 mL and 20 cases were over 3 000 mL .ET was performed in the emergency room (6 cases) and the operative room (29 cases) .The time of admission to surgery in all cases was<30 min .12 cases (34 .29% ) died ,with average ISS score of 48 .26 .The main causes of death were cardiac tamponade and hemorrhagic shock .23 cases (65 .71% ) survived .The surviv‐al rates of penetrating and blunt injury were 78 .26% (18/23) and 41 .67% (5/12) respectively .The occurrence rate of complications in the survivals was 39 .13% (9/23) .Conclusion Massive bleeding ,ventilation dysfunction and cardiac tamponade caused by severe chest trauma are the important indications of ET ;the patient with chest penetrating injury on high‐risk positions should be actively performed the exploratory thoracotomy ;race against time rapid thoracotomy is the key for successful treatment .

Objective To observe the effect of microprismatic needle scalpel(MPNS) on headache induced by compression of greater occipital nerve or lesser occipital nerve.Methods 95 patients with headache induced by compression of occipital nerve were divided into the treatment group (50 cases, treated with MPNS) and control group (45 cases, treated with carbamazepine).Results In the treatment group, 42 cases were cured, 6 cases were effective, 2 cases were ineffective; while, those in the control group were 16 cases, 21 cases and 8 cases respectively. There was a significant difference between two groups ( P<0.01).Conclusion MPNS has an obvious effect on headache induced by compression of occipital nerves.

OBJECTIVETo explore the situation of equity in health service delivery in the experimental region of new rural cooperative medical scheme (NRCMS).

METHODSA household questionnaire survey was conducted to 2112 residents in the experimental county of NRCMS in Yuexi county with a stratified-cluster sampling on the situation of health service delivery, from July 1-15,2005. Data was analyzed with Epi Info 6.04 and SPSS 11.0 software and indices as rate, ratio, Gini coefficient, concentration index (CI) and chi-square test etc.

RESULTSThere was no significante difference of the treatment-seeking rate during two weeks among five groups economic condition residents (chi2 = 5.52, P > 0.05) and the rates were 48.14 per thousand, 82.90 per thousand, 65.88 per thousand, 48.72 per thousand and 50.66 per thousand respectively with CI = -0.026. Similarly, the hospitalization rates were 59.08 per thousand, 67.36 per thousand, 51.76 per thousand, 58.97 per thousand and 52.86 per thousand respectively in the last year and the CI = - 0.017. But there was a significante difference of rates on chronic disease among the five groups of residents with different economic conditions in the last six months (chi2 = 18.42, P < 0.01) and the rates were 295.40 per thousand, 243.52 per thousand, 230.59 per thousand, 225.64 per thousand and 176.21 per thousand and the CI = -0.055. When income reduced, the prevalence had been increasing among residents. Meanwhile, the collection funds showed unfair in residents with various income and the compensating fund of new rural cooperative medical scheme had not reduced the gap between rich and poor.

CONCLUSIONThere was an unequity of medicine expenditure and compensating fund in residents with various income in the experimental region. The low income residents had a high health service need and the government should improve NRCMS greatly to change the situation.

China ; Data Collection ; Delivery of Health Care ; Health Expenditures ; Health Services Needs and Demand ; Healthcare Disparities ; Humans ; Income ; Rural Health Services ; economics ; utilization

Objective To investigate the efficacy of Ilizarov technique in treatment of Gustilo type Ⅲ B and C of large tibia bone defect combined with soft tissue defect. Methods Thirty cases with large tibia bone defect combined with soft tissue defect in our hospital from January 2016 to December 2018 were selected including 25 cases with type Ⅲ B and 5 cases with type Ⅲ C,who were all open tibia fractures and treated with Ilizarov technique. Results All patients were followed up for 10 to 18 months with an average of 15 months. The bone defects were reconstructed, the difference between the length of the affected limb and the healthy side was less than 2 cm. The fracture was healed and the wound was closed. One case was with paralysis of common peroneal nerve and recoveried after 3 months. Twenty-two cases recovered without extra surgery, five cases restored with skin graft and three cases covered the wound by rotating skin flap. Conclusion Ilizarov technique is one of effective ways to treat Gustilo Ⅲ type B and type C of large defect combined with soft tissue defect.

OBJECTIVETo establish a stable cell line that can replicate hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA carrying the reverse transcriptase sequence derived from a clinical isolate.

METHODSNested PCR was used to amplify the HBV DNA fragment from the serum. The fragment was cloned into a plasmid that can support HBV replication in vitro by fragment substitution reaction (FSR), followed by the cloning of the neomycin expressing fragment downstream from HBV DNA. G418 selection was conducted after the transfection of HepG2 cells with the recombinant DNA. Real-time PCR and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were used to screen stable cell lines that can replicate HBV DNA, and the replication of HBV DNA by the cell line was confirmed by using Southern blot analysis.

RESULTSFragment nt55-1654 amplified from the serum DNA was substituted to the plasmid pLL, generating the plasmid p11. The neomycin fragment was cloned into p11, leading to the plasmid p11-neo, and p11-neo was confirmed to be HBV-replication-competent. A stable cell line named 3-10 that can replicate HBV DNA was obtained.

CONCLUSIONSA stable cell line was established that can replicate HBV DNA carrying the reverse transcriptase sequence derived from a clinical isolate. Real-time PCR plus ELISA may help to rapidly screen out stable cell lines replicating HBV DNA.

Cell Line ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA Replication ; DNA, Viral ; biosynthesis ; Genetic Vectors ; Hep G2 Cells ; Hepatitis B virus ; genetics ; Hepatocytes ; cytology ; virology ; Humans ; Plasmids ; RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase ; genetics ; Virus Replication ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the residual paralysis after a single intubating dose of rocuronium and its effect of residual paralysis after a single dose of rocuronium on the postoperative pulmonary function of patients undergoing laparoscopic gynecological surgeries.

METHODSSixty American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) I - II patients undergoing laparoscopic gynecological surgeries were randomly divided into rocuronium (R) group (n = 30) and rocuronium + neostigmine (R + N) group (n = 30).All patients received midazolam (0.02 mg/kg), fentanyl (1 microg/kg), propofol(1.5-2 mg/kg), and rocuronium (0.6 mg/kg) to facilitate tracheal intubation and no more relaxant thereafter. Anesthesia was maintained with isoflurane and nitrous oxide in oxygen (N(2)O:O(2) = 1:1). At the end of the procedure, neuromuscular blockade was not reversed in R group, while antagonism was accomplished with neostigmine (0.04 mg/kg) and atropine (0.02 mg/kg) in R + N group. Immediately after tracheal extubation and on arrival in the PACU, the train-of-four (TOF) ratio at the adductor pollicis of all patients were measured using acceleromyography. Forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV(1)), and peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) of all patients were measured using spirometry before surgery, after administration of midazolam and fentanyl, immediately after tracheal extubation, on arrival in the PACU, and after the TOF ratio recovered to 1.0. The TOF ratio and pulmonary function between two groups were compared.

RESULTSImmediately after tracheal extubation and on arrival in the PACU, the mean TOF ratio in R group was significantly lower than that in R + N group (P < 0.05). The mean time to achieve TOF ratio of 0.9 and 1.0 in R group was significantly longer than in R + N group (P < 0.05). Immediately after tracheal extubation and on arrival in the PACU, FVC, FEV(1), and PEFR were significantly lower in R group than in R + N group (P < 0.05). FVC, FEV(1), and PEFR after administration of midazolam and fentanyl and after TOF ratio recovered to 1.0 were significantly lower than the baseline values in all patients (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSAfter a single intubating dose of rocuronium, residual paralysis exists in the majority of patients undergoing laparoscopic gynecological surgeries. The pulmonary function is impaired after the surgery, even after recovery of TOF ratio to 1.0.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Airway Extubation ; Androstanols ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; Female ; Gynecologic Surgical Procedures ; Humans ; Intubation, Intratracheal ; Laparoscopy ; Middle Aged ; Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; Paralysis ; chemically induced ; Postoperative Period ; Respiratory Function Tests ; Young Adult

The expression of Fas ligand (FasL) on the membrane of many kinds of leukemia or solid tumor cells played an important role in the immune escape of tumor cells. This study was aimed to know if the soluble Fas (sFas), expressed by adenovirus, could block the immune escape of tumor cells by FasL pathway. The two recombinant adenoviral vectors, AdsFas with murine soluble Fas gene and AdEGFP with enhanced GFP protein gene, were constructed by homologous recombination between two plasmids in Escherichia coli with the AdEasy adenovirus vector system. The viruses were propagated and purified by two times ultracentrifugation. Their titres were detected by plaque assays. The expressed protein was evaluated by Western blot analysis. Then the tumor EL4 cells were infected with AdsFas and AdEGFP respectively. The apoptosis ratio of the target cells-YAC-1 cells induced by EL4 cells was respectively detected by (3)H-thymidine ((3)H-TdR) labeling. The results showed that the recombinant adenoviral vectors AdsFas and AdEGFP were successfully obtained. The titres of viruses purified by two times ultracentrifugation were up to 10(11) pfu/ml by plaque assays. The sFas protein was highly expressed in the target cells by Western blot analysis. After the EL4 cells were transfected with the adenoviruses AdsFas, the apoptosis rate of YAC-1 cells in the sFas transfection group (respectively 6%, 7% and 9% when the effector:target (E:T) was 3:1, 10:1 and 30:1) was obviously lower than that in the control group (respectively 28%, 37% and 45%), P < 0.01. But when the EL4 cells were transfected with AdEGFP, the apoptosis rate of YAC-1 cells (respectively 30%, 36% and 48%) was similar to the control group, P > 0.05. In conclusion, the transfer of sFas by adenovirus could inhibit the apoptosis of Fas(+) cells-YAC-1 cells induced by tumor EL4 cells. It showed that the transduction of sFas could block the effect of the immune escape of EL4 cells through FasL in vitro. These results thus provide a new direction to find a way to treat tumors.
Adenoviridae ; genetics ; Animals ; Apoptosis ; Blotting, Western ; Fas Ligand Protein ; Leukemia, T-Cell ; immunology ; Membrane Glycoproteins ; genetics ; physiology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Transfection

OBJECTIVETo compare the efficacy and safety of remifentanil with fentanyl used for intraoperative anesthesia.

METHODSFifty-four patients undergoing modified radical mastectomy or total hysterectomy were randomly assigned to remifentanil group or fentanyl group with 27 cases in each group. Anesthesia was induced with propofol (2 mg/kg) and either remifentanil (2 micrograms/kg) or fentanyl (2.5 micrograms/kg), and was maintained with inhalation of nitrous oxide in oxygen (2:1) and a continuous infusion of either remifentanil (0.2 microgram.kg-1.min-1) or fentanyl (0.03 microgram.kg-1.min-1). Depth of anesthesia, hemodynamic changes, recovery profile of anesthesia, postoperative analgesia and adverse reactions were observed.

RESULTSThe number of patients exhibited light depth of anesthesia during tracheal intubation and maintenance in the remifentanil group was significantly fewer than that in the fentanyl group (P < 0.05). Hemodynamic changes during intubation, skin incision, maintenance of anesthesia and extubation in the remifentanil group were significantly smaller than those in the fentanyl group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). The time to opening eyes on command and the time for extubation after surgery were comparable between the two groups. More patients in the remifentanil group required bolus injection of morphine for postoperative pain relief than those in the fentanyl group (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference between the two groups in the aspect of adverse reactions.

CONCLUSIONThe anesthetic and analgesic effects of remifentanil are more potent than those of fentanyl. Remifentanil can offer superior intraoperative hemodynamic stability compared with fentanyl without compromising recovery from anesthesia.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Anesthetics, Intravenous ; therapeutic use ; Breast Neoplasms ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Female ; Fentanyl ; therapeutic use ; Hemodynamics ; drug effects ; Humans ; Hysterectomy ; Mastectomy, Modified Radical ; Middle Aged ; Pain, Postoperative ; prevention & control ; Piperidines ; therapeutic use

OBJECTIVETo explore the quality of life and related social support among people living with HIV/AIDS with related factors.

METHODS331 people living with HIV/AIDS and 148 of their family members were selected using a typical sampling method. Questionnaires on general conditions, tables on history of infection, generic quality of life inventory-74 (GQOLI-74) and social support scale (SSS) were used.

RESULTSData from one-way analysis suggested that people living with HIV/AIDS and their family members with the different sexs, different villages and different cultural backgrounds had differences in GQOLI-74 scores (P < 0.05) while people living with HIV/AIDS with the different villages had differences in SSS scores (P < 0.05). Results from Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that being elderly and negative life events were negatively associated with social support (P < 0.05), while factors as more advanced educational background, harmonious neighborhood relationship and having bother pouring nature were the predictive factors (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONMany factors might affect dimensions of quality of life among people living with HIV/AIDS and their family members in rural areas of northern Anhui. Community care and social support of HIV/AIDS should still be greatly enhanced in the countryside of China. A community care mode based on family and neighborhood was expected to be developed.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; complications ; ethnology ; psychology ; China ; Cultural Characteristics ; Family Relations ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Quality of Life ; Social Support

OBJECTIVETo identify Tongren Dahuoluo pills and Tongren Niuhuangqingxin pills respectively by analysis of IR fingerprint.

METHODBoth drugs were extracted with hexane, ethylether and butanone respectively and then the obtained extracts were measured with the ET-IR spectrometer.

RESULTBy analyzing IR fingerprint of 25 batches of Tongren Dahuoluo pills and 27 batches of Tongren Niuhuangqingxin pills, we found that different batches of the same drug hadstabile and repeatable fingerprint.

CONCLUSIONBy using IR fingerprint, either Tongren Dahuoluo pills or Tongren Niuhuangqingxin pills can be exactly identified. It provides a rapid method for drug identification and quality control.

Drug Combinations ; Drug Contamination ; prevention & control ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Quality Control ; Spectrophotometry, Infrared