BACKGROUND: It is of great importance in improving the clinical effect of human islet allograft to study and design models of such large animals as pigs or primates preclinically.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of different doses of streptozotocin (STZ) on inducing diabetes type Ⅰ models of nonhuman primates.DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: A contrast observational animal experiment was performed in the Cell Transplantation and Gene Therapy Center, the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University from October 2007 to December 2008. MATERIALS: A total of 21 adult male rhesus monkeys were divided into a 125 mg/kg STZ group (n =5), a 75 mg/kg STZ group (n=5) and a 50 mg/kg STZ group (n=11).METHODS: STZ weighed with regard to body mass of animals was prepared into 25 g/L STZ solution with buffer that was prepared in advance. After being filtered and degermed, the new-prepared STZ of 125 mg/kg, 75 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg were administered by intravenous injection into the experimental monkeys respectively, which took 1-5 minutes.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Liver and renal function, glucose metabolism and histomorphological changes of animals during 1-16 weeks following administration.RESULTS: In 125 mg/kg STZ group, two rhesus monkeys died, in 8 hours following STZ administration, of serious hypoglycemia caused by severely damaged pancreas β cells; All rhesus monkeys in this group had got significantly increased liver transaminase, serum creatinine and urea nitrogen at week 1 following STZ administration, which reached a peak during 2-4 weeks; One rhesus monkey in this group showed severe shortage of endogenous trypsin and hyperglycemia irreversible by exogenous insulin following STZ administration, and finally died at day 13 following STZ administration due to the glucose metabolic disorder, ketoacidosis, liver and renal failure; The other two survivors in this group kept high level of liver transaminase,urea nitrogen and serum creatinine throughout the observation period. In 75 mg/kg STZ group, rhesus monkeys presented significantly increased liver transaminase, serum creatinine and urea nitrogen at week 1-2 following STZ administration; After 4 weeks following administration, their liver and renal function presented with abnormality of different degrees; One rhesus monkey in this group had got injured renal function, decreased power of resistance, eyelid edema, general dropsy and irreversible infected rump after injection of STZ, and finally died at the end of week 5 following administration; Another rhesus in this group presented with irreversible continuous hyperglycemia, inappetence and significantly decreased weight, and finally died ofsystemic failure at week 9 following administration. In the 50 mg/kg STZ group, renal function of monkeys were slightly affected, with a transient mild rise which return to the normal level by the end of week 4 following administration; Only 3 animals in this group appeared eyelid edema during 1-4 weeks following administration which disappeared afterwards.CONCLUSION: STZ of 50 mg/kg is possibly the optimal dose for inducing diabetes models in most rhesus monkeys.

Objective To evaluate the value of minimally invasive technique in treatment of severe traumatic intracranial hematoma at emergency department.Method From January 1995 to December 2005,126 patients were treated by using the minimally invasive technique in Affiliated Chaoyang hospital once patients were diagnosedas severe traumatic cerebral hernia resulted from intracranial hematoma and also those whose clinical data were retrospectively analyzed.In the emergency department,the per-operative plan was done according to the CT imaging,including the sute of burr hole on the skull,the direction and depth of carmulation,and the drainage cannula was put into the hematoma cavity for external drainage under local anesthesia.Results The successful rate of puncture was 100%.The patients's dukated oyouk contracted immediately after drainage.There are 79/ 95 patients(83.1%)had single pupil dilated and 17/31(54.8%)patients had bilateral pupils dilated.The immediately clinical effective was 76.2%.According to Glasgow outcome scale,43 of 126 patients had good recovery,26 had moderate deficits and 18 had severe sequelae,16 patients were in vegetative state,18 died. Conclusions Clinical prospective study proves that minimally invasive technique can ameliorate the cerebral hernia,prolong the operative therapie window time.

In treating of leukemia and controlling of minimal-residual disease (MRD), graft versus leukemia effect (GVL) plays a critical role, and complicated mechanisms are involved in this immunology process. When graft cells are infused into recipients, the evoked GVL effect must be inevitably influenced by many factors derived from allogeneic effect between donor and receptor. To utilize GVL more efficiently in future clinical practice and to improve the curative effect of allo-HSCT, it is necessary to recognize these factors. Some potential factors influencing GVL such as chimerism patterns, autocytotoxic cells, dynamics of immune cells in patients, the cytokines and so on are reviewed in this article.
Graft vs Leukemia Effect ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; Humans ; Leukemia ; immunology ; surgery

Animals ; Behavior, Animal ; drug effects ; Depressive Disorder ; drug therapy ; psychology ; Eleutherococcus ; Male ; Plant Extracts ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Stress, Psychological

OBJECTIVETo study the storage technique on artificial seeds of Pinellia ternata.

METHODMicrotubers were used as experiment materials. By using orthogonal experiment, the sodium alginate, added with GA3 badistan, chitosan and sodium benzoate, was used as seed vessel. The artificial seeds were stored respectively under 25 degrees C and 4 degrees C for 30 days, then, calculated the germination rate.

RESULT AND CONCLUSIONThe sodium alginate(3%) added with GA3(0.1 mg x L(-1)), sodium benzoate(0.2%), badistan(1.0%), ClO2(0.1%) and chitosan(0.2%), were used as artificial seed vessel. Stored under (25 +/- 1) degrees C for 30 days, and the germination rate was over 65%. The sodium alginate(3%), added with GA3(0.1 mg x L(-1)), sodium benzoate(0.2%), badistan(1.0%), ClO2(0.2%) and chitosan(0.1%), were used as artificial seed vessel. Stored under 4 degrees C for 30 days, and the germination rate was over 80%.

Alginates ; Chitosan ; Drug Storage ; methods ; Germination ; physiology ; Gibberellins ; Glucuronic Acid ; Hexuronic Acids ; Pinellia ; growth & development ; Plants, Medicinal ; growth & development ; Seeds ; growth & development ; Sodium Benzoate ; Temperature

OBJECTIVETo study the effects of different factors on direct induction of microtubers. These factors included plant growth substances, casein hydrolysate (CH), active carbon (AC), polyethylene glycol (PEG 4000), sucrose and glucose.

METHODUsing the orthogonal design method.

RESULT AND CONCLUSIONThe optimal media to directly induce microtubers from leaves were MS + MET 0.5 mg x L(-1) + 6-BA 0.5 mg x L(-1) + sucrose 3% and MS+ 6-BA 0.5 mg x L(-1) + IAA 0.5 mg x L(-1) + sucrose 3%. Optimal media to directly induce microtubers from tubers were MS + 6-BA 1.0 mg x L(-1) + PEG 5% + sucrose 5% and MS+ CH 500 mg x L(-1) + MET 0.5 mg x L(-1) + 6-BA 0.5 mg x L(-1) + AC 0.5% + sucrose 5%. Media suitable for plantlet growth were MS + 6-BA 0.5 mg x L(-1) + IAA 0.5 mg x L(-1) + AC 0.5% + sucrose 5% and MS + MET 0.5 mg x L(-1) + 6-BA 0.5 mg x L(-1) + sucrose 3%.

Carbon ; pharmacology ; Caseins ; pharmacology ; Culture Media ; Culture Techniques ; Glucose ; pharmacology ; Pinellia ; growth & development ; Plant Growth Regulators ; pharmacology ; Plant Leaves ; growth & development ; Plant Tubers ; growth & development ; Plants, Medicinal ; growth & development ; Polyethylene Glycols ; pharmacology ; Sucrose ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVETo set up the optimums for the petal tissue culture of Chrysanthemum morifolium cultivated in Anhui Province.

METHODPetals were cut and cultured onto the same kind of media on different sides and different kinds of media on the same side, and induced to form the whole plantlet.

RESULT AND CONCLUSIONAll the media used could induce callus, while the results of callus regeneration was distinct. The MS medium with KT 2 mg x L(-1) and NAA 0.2 mg x L(-1) was much better than others when callus were induced. The MS medium with KT 2 mg x L(-1) + NAA 0.2 mg x L(-1) and AgNO3 5 mg x L(-1) was the preferable medium for the bud sprouting. The frequency of plantlets regeneration which was induced by flower bud was higher than that by opening petal. The regenerated plantlets shod produced variation of leaf and plant shape.

Chrysanthemum ; growth & development ; Culture Media ; Flowers ; growth & development ; Plant Growth Regulators ; pharmacology ; Plants, Medicinal ; growth & development ; Silver Nitrate ; pharmacology ; Tissue Culture Techniques ; methods

Objective To investigate the cholagogic and anti -infla-mmatory effects and acute toxicity of Jinshalidan Granules.Methods The cholagogic effect of Jinshalidan Granules was observed and deter-mined by common bile duct drainage in mouse .The acute inflammatory models was established by xylene -induced ear edema to research the inflammatory effects of Jinshalidan Granules.The acute toxicity and the maximum tolerated dose in mice were also studied.Results Compared with the normal control group , the bile secretion for the mouse and the degree of swelling of mice ear induced by xylene were significantly improvemed in all the 3 different dosages of Jinshalidan Granules.After 14 days, continuous observation ,no mouse was found dead and no signifi-cant toxicity occurred by naked eyes.The maximum tolerated dose of Compound Jinshalidan Granules is 244.8 g · kg -1 ( crude drug ).Conclusion Compound Jinshalidan Granules have obviously effects on the increased the bile secretion and anti -inflammatory ,it is has very low acute toxicity in mice and preliminary proven to be safe .

OBJECTIVETo study the effects of salicylic acid of different concentration (SA) on the growth of Pinellia ternate.

METHODSA of different concentration was sprayed to the plant as it grew about 15 cm high. Plant height, total chlorophyll content, activity of SOD, MAD content, photosynthesis speed, intercellular CO2 concentration, the transpiration speed and the leaf temperature were measured after 3 times spray.

RESULTWhen 0.5 mmol x L(-1) SA was sprayed, the intercellular CO2 concentration, activity of SOD and photosynthesis speed were increased, while leaf temperature and MDA content were decreased.

CONCLUSIONSA at the concentration of 0.5 mmol x L (-1) was suitable for the growth of P. ternate. It obviously decreased sprout tumble and increased the fresh weight of tuber and the alkaloid content.

Carbon Dioxide ; metabolism ; Chlorophyll ; metabolism ; Malondialdehyde ; metabolism ; Photosynthesis ; drug effects ; Pinellia ; drug effects ; growth & development ; metabolism ; Plant Growth Regulators ; pharmacology ; Plant Leaves ; drug effects ; metabolism ; physiology ; Plant Tubers ; drug effects ; growth & development ; metabolism ; Plants, Medicinal ; drug effects ; growth & development ; metabolism ; Salicylic Acid ; pharmacology ; Superoxide Dismutase ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo set up the optimums for the stem-tip tissue culture of Chrysanthemum morifolium cultivated in Anhui Province.

METHODSmall sections (about 0.5 mm in length) from the stem-tips were isolated and inoculated with different media, and induced to form the whole plantlet formation.

RESULT AND CONCLUSIONThe MS medium added with 6-BA 2 mg.L-1 + NAA 0.2 mg.L-1 was the optimum medium for the bud sprouting and the inducing rate was over 80% after 40 d cultivation on this modified medium. The MS medium supplemented with 6-BA 2 mg.L-1 and NAA 0.5 mg.L-1 was the optimum medium for the multiplication of the adventitious buds in which the bud multiplication was about 4-7 times higher after 25-30 d cultivation. The plantlet could root well on the MS medium with NAA 0.5 mg.L-1.

Chrysanthemum ; growth & development ; Culture Techniques ; Plant Stems ; growth & development