Objective To study the time distribution of non-agriculture employed population spent in a working day in China, and to provide basic information for intervention strategies.Methods The data of 2002 China Nutrition and Health Survey were used. The information on daily activities including occupation,transportation,exercise,housework,sedentary activity and sleep was described.Results Non-agriculture employed population spent 8.41 h,0.58 h,0.09 h,3.11 h,1.40 h and 7.89 h on occupation, transportation,exercise,sedentary activity,housework and sleep,respectively.Administrator,technologist and clerks spent less time on occupation activity than service workers,production and transportation workers and others did,and they spent more time on sedentary activity.Male spent more time on occupation activity and less time on housework and sleep than female did.People in rural area spent more time on occupation activity than those in urban area,but less time On transportation and sedentary activity.Conclusion Differences in time use among different employed groups,gender and area were found,which should be considered when intervention measure is developed.

Early enteral nutrition is more compatible with physiological status,is beneficial to cell and organ function recovery and helpful to reduce the incidence of infection and to improve the prognosis.However,due to facts like intra-abdominal hypertension,hemodynamic instability,intestinal dysfunction,early enteral nutrition is usually difficult to successfully implemented in surgical critically ill patients.This paper reviews the progress of early enteral nutrition implementation in surgical ritically ill patients.

Objective Through the research of the disposal of clinic laboratory result information,the paper explore the methods of building up laboratory's online management system and network information system.Methods This project began with the analysis of the need of laboratory and applies computer to simulate the manual disposal process.The system framework was separated into many sub parts according to its function.VB,etc were used to program.Results The project has been gained successfully in the online managemert of two analyzers and the management of data network consisting of three laboratories.Conclusion The project has established a practical and reliable in-formation management system which matches the work mode in clinical laboratory and has novelty functions.

The mechanism of long-term potentiation (LTP) in basolateral amygdala (BLA) was explored using field potential recording in rat brain slice preparation. Field potentials (field excitatory post-synaptic potentials, fEPSPs) in BLA were evoked with sharpened steel bipolar stimulating electrodes placed in the external capsule (EC). Two theta burst stimulations (TBS, interval=10 min) induced LTP in BLA. TBS-induced synaptic potentiation lasted for more than 30 min after the second TBS. LTP in BLA was input-specific and was blocked by N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antagonist 2-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid (APV). The effect of protein kinase C (PKC) on LTP was then determined using PKC inhibitor chelerythrine chloride. Bath application of chelerythringe chloride had no effect on basic field potentials and paired-pulse ratio (PPR). However, in the presence of chelerythrine chloride, two TBS failed to induce LTP. In contrast, bath application of chelerythrine chloride 10 min after the second TBS did not affect the maintenance of LTP in BLA. These results indicate that LTP is NMDAR-dependent and PKC is involved in the induction and early maintenance of LTP in BLA.
2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate ; pharmacology ; Amygdala ; enzymology ; Animals ; Electric Stimulation ; In Vitro Techniques ; Long-Term Potentiation ; Protein Kinase C ; metabolism ; Rats ; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate ; metabolism ; Synaptic Potentials

Objective To investigate the safe time of sterile equipments used in laminar flow operating room.Methods In ten operations ( Class Ⅰ ) which last 8 or more hours,we sampled preoperative air,surgery equipments 4 h,6 h,8 h pre and intra-operatively,and surgical personnel' s hands for bacterial culture.Results There was no growth of bacteria in the sampling of preoperative air,surgical personnel's hands and surgical instruments during operation,pass rate was 100％.Conclusions The sterile equipments used in the same operation could be used safely for 8 hours in operating room where the condition of Level 100 laminar flow reached.

Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Low Birth Weight ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Male ; Retinal Telangiectasis ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Retinopathy of Prematurity ; diagnosis

OBJECTIVETo study the antiinflammatory effect of a compound TCM (Traditional Chinese Medicine) agent on animal models. The agent contains ant extractive and a blent of three herbal products, herba epimedii, fructus cnidii, and fructus lycii.

METHODThree animal models to induce experimental inflammation in rats, including carrageenin--induced paw edema, cotton-ball granuloma and adjuvant induced arthritis, were chosen to study the antiinflammatory effect of the TCM agent.

RESULTThe TCM agent showed a marked inhibitory effect on edema induced by all three types of inflammation in rats, the inhibitory rate of the TCM agent at the dose of 0.20, 0.40 and 0.80 g.kg-1 in granuloma model bing over 25% at 1 hour post oral administration, and being 23.8%, 22.7%, 39.7% at 6 hour. In addition, the TCM agent also showed a significant preventive as well as therapeutic effect on adjuvant induced arthritis in rats, and improved the pathological changes of the animal joints with the induced arthritis.

CONCLUSIONTCM agent has significant antiinflammatory effects on the three above mentioned animal models.

Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal ; therapeutic use ; Ants ; Arthritis ; drug therapy ; Capsules ; Cnidium ; chemistry ; Drug Combinations ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; isolation & purification ; therapeutic use ; Edema ; drug therapy ; Epimedium ; chemistry ; Granuloma, Foreign-Body ; drug therapy ; Lycium ; chemistry ; Male ; Materia Medica ; therapeutic use ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

Objective To learn the adverse drug reactions/events (ADR/ADE) occurred in the characteristics and rules for clinical safe, effective and rational use of available information by analysis of 428antibacterial agents ADR/ADE Reports. Methods 428 antibacterial agents ADR/ADE Reports were statistical analyzed from Jan 1. 2007 to Dec 31. 2010 in our hospital. Results 428 cases of antibacterial agents ADR/ADE, females was slightly more than males; patients between 50 to 83 years old age were accounted for the majority (264 cases,61.68％ ) ;the cases that caused by cephalosporins were accounted for the most(239 case,55.85％ ),385 case that administered intravenously were accounted for the majority (89. 96％ ); antibacterial agents ADR/ADE main clinical manifestations of anaphylactic shock, respiratory, systemic and central nervous system damage. Condusions Strengthening antibacterial agents ADR/ADE monitoring, to decrease the occurrence of Serious ADR/ADE and ensure clinical safety, effective, rational use of drug.

Objective To discuss the safety nursing methods for waking patients after general anesthesia,in order to reduce the incidence rate of complications.Methods A total of 80 patients with general anesthesia were randomly divided into the observation group and the control group,each with 40 cases.The observation group received safety nursing while the control group received conventional measures.The incidence rates of restless,pain,hypoxemia,nausea and vomiting were compared between two groups.Results The incidence rate of restless,pain,hypoxemia,hypothermia and vomiting were 2.5％,12.5％,2.5％,7.5％ and 10.0％ in the observation group,lower than 17.5％,30.0％,10.0％,17.5％ and 20.0％ in the control group,and the differences were statistically significant (x2 =23.9,10.2,15.7,9.8,11.9,respectively; P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions Attention to nursing safety in recovery room and appropriate preventive measures can reduce the incidence rate of complications.

Objective To explore the effect of comprehensive nursing intervention on the stigma and social function of convalescence patients with schizophrenia.Methods 60 patients with schizophrenia were randomly divided into theinerventiongroup and the control group,each with 30 cases.The control group received conventional psychiatric nursing while the intervention group received comprehensive nursing intervention for 12 weeks.Stigma scale and NOSIE were used for evaluation and comparison between two groups before and after treatment.Results There was no statistically significant difference in stigma scale and NOSIE between two groups before intervention (P ＞ 0.05).The score of stigma scale and social function,social interest,personal cleanliness,depression in NOSIE was respectively (25.52 ± 10.33),(21.85 ± 4.46),(11.02 ± 3.06),(15.35 ± 2.29) and (3.03 ± 1.44) in the intervention group after 12 weeks of comprehensive nursing intervention,(38.10 ± 15.50),(18.46 ± 5.65),(7.78 ± 3.14),(12.15 ± 3.30)and (3.76 ± 1.37) in the control group,and (32.26 ± 12.15),(18.89 ±3.36),(9.34 ± 1.98),(11.57 ± 3.02) and (4.20 ± 1.53) before intervention,and the differences were statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).Score of stigma in the control group had no statistically significant differences before and after intervention (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions Comprehensive nursingintervention can reduce the stigma of schizophrenia patients,and improve their social function as well as their quality of life.