The computer-assisted surgery system is a complex system. All of the errors can be attributed to the loss of correspondence between the world coordinate system in the operation room and the virtual world coordinate system obtained from the multi-model medical images. The system's accuracy is composed of the accuracy of the localizer and that of registration. In order to improve the system accuracy, we analyse most of the possible error sources. The accuracy of the localizer affects deeply the registration between the intra-operation and pre-operation data. The localizer is the most basic and important part for a computer-assisted surgery system. We give a comprehensive possible error source at the end of the paper.
Algorithms ; Equipment Design ; Equipment Failure Analysis ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; instrumentation ; methods ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Phantoms, Imaging ; Software ; Surgery, Computer-Assisted ; instrumentation ; methods ; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Objective To investigate the safe time of sterile equipments used in laminar flow operating room.Methods In ten operations ( Class Ⅰ ) which last 8 or more hours,we sampled preoperative air,surgery equipments 4 h,6 h,8 h pre and intra-operatively,and surgical personnel' s hands for bacterial culture.Results There was no growth of bacteria in the sampling of preoperative air,surgical personnel's hands and surgical instruments during operation,pass rate was 100％.Conclusions The sterile equipments used in the same operation could be used safely for 8 hours in operating room where the condition of Level 100 laminar flow reached.

OBJECTIVETo study the antiinflammatory effect of a compound TCM (Traditional Chinese Medicine) agent on animal models. The agent contains ant extractive and a blent of three herbal products, herba epimedii, fructus cnidii, and fructus lycii.

METHODThree animal models to induce experimental inflammation in rats, including carrageenin--induced paw edema, cotton-ball granuloma and adjuvant induced arthritis, were chosen to study the antiinflammatory effect of the TCM agent.

RESULTThe TCM agent showed a marked inhibitory effect on edema induced by all three types of inflammation in rats, the inhibitory rate of the TCM agent at the dose of 0.20, 0.40 and 0.80 g.kg-1 in granuloma model bing over 25% at 1 hour post oral administration, and being 23.8%, 22.7%, 39.7% at 6 hour. In addition, the TCM agent also showed a significant preventive as well as therapeutic effect on adjuvant induced arthritis in rats, and improved the pathological changes of the animal joints with the induced arthritis.

CONCLUSIONTCM agent has significant antiinflammatory effects on the three above mentioned animal models.

Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal ; therapeutic use ; Ants ; Arthritis ; drug therapy ; Capsules ; Cnidium ; chemistry ; Drug Combinations ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; isolation & purification ; therapeutic use ; Edema ; drug therapy ; Epimedium ; chemistry ; Granuloma, Foreign-Body ; drug therapy ; Lycium ; chemistry ; Male ; Materia Medica ; therapeutic use ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

Objective To explore the effect of remind-to-move treatment on upper limb motor function,activities of daily living and participation in patients with subacute stroke. Methods From February,2016 to October,2017,45 patients with mild to medium upper limbs dysfunction after stroke were randomly assigned to control group(n=23)and experimental group(n=22).The control group accepted rou-tine occupational therapy,while the experimental group wore a wristwatch on the hemiplegic forearm to encour-age the predetermined training programs,for three weeks.They were measured with Fugl-Meyer Assessment-Up-per Extremity(FMA-UE),Function Independence Measurement(FIM),Motor Activity Log(MAL),and Stroke Impact Scale(SIS)before and after treatment. Results Both groups improved in part of the scores of three scales after treatment(P<0.05),and improved more in the experimental group than in the control group in scores of FMA-UE and FIM,and some sub-scores of MAL and SIS(t>1.183,P<0.05),with no significant difference in other indexes(P>0.05). Conclusion Remind-to-move treatment can promote the recovery of upper limb motor function,activities of daily living and participation in the patients with subacute stroke.

Objective To investigate of the effects of ear acupoint with beans on acute urinary incontinence after transurethral plasma kinetic resection of the prostate (TUPK).Methods 78 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia undergoing TUPK were randomly divided into experimental group (n =40) and control group ( n =38 ).The experimental group was managed with ear acupoint with beans combined with levator ani muscle training,while the control group was only instructed with levator ani training.The occurrence rate of urinary incontinence and incontinence duration in both groups were observed and compared.Results The occurrence rate of urinary incontinence in the experimental group ( 15％ ) was obviously lower than that in the control group (42％) (x2 =7.07,P 0.05).Incontinence duration in the experimental group (2.0 ±0.5) days was obviously less than ( 4.1 ± 1.5 ) days in the control group ( x2 =2.84,P ＜ 0.01 ).Conclusions Ear acupoint with beans combined with levator ani training after TUPK could effectively prevent postoperative acute urinary incontinence,shorten the duration,alleviate patients' psychological burden,and reduce postoperative complications.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the relationship of associating mitochondrial DNA 12S rRNA gene mutations with non-syndromic and aminoglycoside-induced hearing loss happening to Chinese families.

METHODSThe diagnosis was validated by hearing tests. Blood samples were collected from 20 family members (13 subjects from pedigree A and 7 from pedigree B) and 32 sporadic deafness cases. DNA was extracted from the leukocytes in blood samples. The gene fragments of mitochondrial DNA 12S rRNA, tRNA(Ser(UCN)) and GJB(2) were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). PCR products were analyzed by sequencing.

RESULTSThe target gene fragments of all individuals were successfully amplified by PCR. The mitochondrial DNA 12S rRNA 827 A to G transition was detected from all maternal members including 12 patients with hearing loss, which was the homoplasmic mutation. Non-maternal members in two pedigrees did not carry this mutation. However, the tRNA(Ser(UCN)) A7445G, 12SrRNA A1555G and GJB2 gene mutations were not found from both the family members of two pedigrees and sporadic patients. One sporadic individual (1/32) who was diagnosed as aminoglycoside-induced hearing impairment carried A827G mutation too.

CONCLUSIONIt is confirmed that the mitochondrial DNA 12S rRNA gene is a hot spot for mutations associated with non-syndromic inherited hearing loss. The 12S rRNA nt827 A to G mutation may play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of hearing impairment in two Chinese pedigrees.

Adolescent ; Base Sequence ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Connexin 26 ; Connexins ; genetics ; DNA Mutational Analysis ; DNA, Mitochondrial ; chemistry ; genetics ; Deafness ; genetics ; Female ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; genetics ; Humans ; Male ; Pedigree ; Point Mutation ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; RNA, Ribosomal ; genetics

Pseudoallergic reactions occured after the first administration of patients, and the pathogenic mechanisms of them were different from the allergic reactions which needed excitation after antigen sensitization. To provide a basis for evaluation, clinical use and drug development of pseudoallergic reactions, the models were established by two kinds of Chinese herbal injections (CHI) both on different strain or gender mice. With the use of ICR, Kunming, BALB/C, C57 mice, pseudoallergic tests of two CHI were conducted to compare the sensitivity of four strains mice, and compared the differences in male and female animals. Test substances contain 0.8% Evans blue (EB) were intravenously injected into different strain and gender mice. Scores of ear blue staining and quantitation of ear EB exudation were the parameters for pseudoallergic reaction. Results of strain difference indicated that both CHI A and B could cause severe pseudoallergic reactions indicated by obvious vascular hyperpermeability on ICR mice. The pseudoallergic reactions in ICR mice are more obvious under the the same dose of injection, which stated the sensibility of ICR mice. And the reactions of KM mice and BALB/C mice were slightly reduced which compared to ICR mice, even alomost nothing on C57 mice. Comparison results of gender difference showed that one CHI was not have significant difference in male and female animals, but male animals were more susceptible than females on another CHI. Therefore, ICR mice were preferable experimental strain on the model of pseudoallergic reactions induced by CHI A and B. Because of female animals were easily influenced by estrous cycle, the pseudoallergic reactions induced by CHI A and B select and use male mice befittingly.
Animals ; Drug Hypersensitivity ; etiology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; adverse effects ; Female ; Injections ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; Sex Characteristics ; Species Specificity

OBJECTIVETo explore the effects of oxymatrine on serum levels of Th1/Th2 cytokines in HBsAg transgenic mice.

METHODSHBsAg transgenic mice were divided into oxymatrine group and control group. Each mouse was injected with either oxymatrine 200 mg/kg 0.2 ml or 0.9% NaCl 0.2 ml intraperitoneally once a day for 30 days. Serum IFN-gamma, IL-2 and IL-4, IL-10 were quantitated before and after different treatment.

RESULTSThere was no significant difference on the levels of IFN-gamma and IL-4 before and after treatment in control group. While in oxymatrine group, the levels of IFN-gamma before and after treatment were (3.108+/-3.172) pg/ml and (11.059+/-6.971) pg/ml; those of IL-4 were (29.045+/-13.235) pg/ml and (13.024+/-9.002) pg/ml (both P less than 0.001). After treatment, the levels of IL-2 in control and oxymatrine group were (1.070+/-0.447) pg/ml and (5.537+/-2.887) pg/ml (P less than 0.000 1); and those of IL-10 were (97.226+/-73.306) pg/ml and (33.607+/-23.154) pg/ml (P less than 0.01).

CONCLUSIONAfter injection of oxymatrine to HBsAg transgenic mice, the serum concentration of Th1 cytokines increased while the Th2 cytokines decreased. This can help us understand more better on the mechanisms of anti-HBV effect of oxymatrine.

Alkaloids ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Antiviral Agents ; pharmacology ; Cytokines ; blood ; Female ; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens ; genetics ; Hepatitis B virus ; drug effects ; genetics ; Interferon-gamma ; blood ; Interleukin-10 ; blood ; Interleukin-2 ; blood ; Interleukin-4 ; blood ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Transgenic ; Quinolizines

OBJECTIVETo explore the correlation of ZNF217 expression to the carcinogenesis and progression of human ovarian cancer.

METHODSImmunohistochemistry and real-time RT-PCR were used to detect ZNF217 expression in human ovarian cystadenocarcinoma, ovarian cystadenoma and normal ovary tissues.

RESULTSThe expression levels of ZNF217 protein and mRNA in ovarian cystadenocarcinoma was significantly higher than those in matched ovarian cystadenoma and normal tissues (P<0.05). No significant difference was found in the expression between ovarian cystadenoma and normal ovarian tissues (P>0.05). The mRNA expression in the specimens was consistent with the protein expression of ZNF217 (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONZNF217 gene expression is closely correlated to the occurrence and clinical stages of ovarian carcinomas, suggesting that ZNF217 can be an important candidate gene responsible for the occurrence and progression of ovarian carcinomas.

Cystadenocarcinoma ; genetics ; pathology ; Disease Progression ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Humans ; Neoplasm Staging ; Ovarian Neoplasms ; genetics ; pathology ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Time Factors ; Trans-Activators ; genetics

This study was aimed to investigate the clinical value of quantification of AML1/ETO fusion transcripts using real-time reverse transcription PCR. Fourteen AML1/ETO positive children out of 52 AML children were selected. A serial dilution of AML1/ETO plasmid was used as a template for the AML1/ETO real-time PCR. AML1/ETO was quantified according to the expression of the GAPDH housekeeping gene at new diagnosis and during/after chemotherapy and transplantation. SPSS statistics was used to analyze the data. The results showed that the ratio of AML1/ETO: GAPDH expression level at new diagnosis varied in the range 0.219-2.080 (median 0.648) among the patients, without relevance with percentage of blasts. The detection sensitivity was up to the dilution of 1:10(5). Six patients showed a slight decline of AML1/ETO (higher than 5 x 10(-2)) at 1 month, three of whom relapsed in the early stage and one later. Five patients had a higher level than 5 x 10(-3) at 3 months, three of whom relapsed. Four patients with always a higher level than 5 x 10(-3) all relapsed in early stage. After six months, four out of them with constant low-level expression (10(-4) - 10(-6)) were in continuous complete hematological remission (CCR). In another patient, a rapid rise of AML1/ETO transcripts could be detected at CR stage and he relapsed 5 months later. The AML1/ETO gene expression leveling off by 10(-5) - 10(-6) could be detected in 3 patients at their complete remission after 9 months. It is concluded that real-time RT-PCR is a suitable approach for quantifying AML1/ETO transcripts in monitoring of AML patients with t(8;21) during/after chemotherapy and provides data of diagnostic relevance.
Acute Disease ; Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Core Binding Factor Alpha 2 Subunit ; genetics ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic ; Humans ; Leukemia, Myeloid ; diagnosis ; genetics ; therapy ; Male ; Neoplasm, Residual ; diagnosis ; genetics ; Oncogene Proteins, Fusion ; genetics ; RUNX1 Translocation Partner 1 Protein ; Reproducibility of Results ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; methods ; Transcription, Genetic