AIM: To compare the refractive outcomes of femtosecond LASIK with two different flap thickness in the correction of myopia.

METHODS: A total of 236 eyes of 118 myopic patients received LASIK with Wave-Light exeimer laser system. In the non-high myopia group, 30 people(60 eyes)used 90 micron corneal flaps, the other(60 eyes)used 110 micron corneal flaps; in the high myopia group,29 people(58 eyes)used 90 micron corneal flaps,the other(58 eyes)used 110 micron corneal flaps. Uncorrected distance visual acuity(UDVA), corrected distance visual acuity(CDVA), manifest refraction and intraocular pressure before operation, at 1mo, 3mo postoperatively were evaluated.

RESULTS: The percent of postoperative UDVA better than or equal to preoperative CDVA after 3mo: 57 eyes(95%). In the non-high myopia group no matter 90 micron corneal flaps or 110 micron corneal flaps. In the high myopia group, there are 53 eyes(91.4%)with 90 micron corneal flaps and 56 eyes(96.6%)with 110 micron corneal flaps(P=0.438); The percent of spherical equivalent refraction(SE)within ±0.50D of the target refraction change: 51 eyes(85%). In the non-high myopia group no matter 90 micron corneal flaps or 110 micron corneal flaps, 48 eyes(82.8%). In the high myopia group with 90 micron corneal flaps or 110 micron corneal flaps; The percent of change in SE within 0.50D between 1mo and 3mo postoperatively: there are 57 eyes(95%)with 90 micron corneal flaps and 55 eyes(91.7%)with 110 micron corneal flapsin the non-high myopia group(P=0.717). In the high myopia group, there are 44 eyes(75.9%)with 90 micron corneal flaps and 50 eyes(86.2%)with 110 micron corneal(P=0.464).

CONCLUSION: Both 90 micron corneal flaps and 110 micron corneal flaps show similar good efficacy, predictability and stability in the correction of myopia.

ObjectiveTo investigate and compare the behavioral changes, neuron loss of hippocampus and mossy fiber sprouting between pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus (SE) model and pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) kindling model in rats.MethodsAfter two different epilepsy models were made, Vedio was adopted to observe the behavioral changes. Nissl staining and Neo-timms' staining were separately used to observe and compare the neuron loss of hippocampus and mossy fiber sprouting in the dentate gyrus (DG) at different time points during epileptogenisis.ResultsNo recurrent spontaneous seizure, no neuron loss and no mossy fiber sprouting were found in PTZ kindling model; whereas obvious neuron loss was found in CA1, CA3 of hippocampus and hilus of DG, and mossy fiber sprouting were found in pilocarpine model in parallel with recurrent spontaneous seizures. ConclusionPTZ kindling model resembles absence epilepsy in human, while pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus model resembles chronic temporal epilepsy in human. Neuron loss and mossy fiber sprouting may play an important role in epileptogenisis. Pilocarpine-induced epilepsy model can be regarded as an ideal chronic temporal epilepsy model.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the surgical site infection (SSI) rate of pancreas operation and its related risk factors.

METHODWe retrospectively analyzed sex, age, hospitalization time before operation, wound class, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status score, and operation time in 196 patients after pancreas operation.

RESULTSSI occurred in 14 patients (7.1%). The sex, age, hospitalization time before operation, wound class, and ASA score had no significant difference between SSI group and non-SSI group (P>0.05), while statistically significant difference was found in the term of operation time (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONSOperation time is a significant risk factor of SSI. There were no any relations between hospitalization time before operation, wound class, and ASA score.

Female ; Humans ; Length of Stay ; Male ; Pancreas ; surgery ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Sex Factors ; Surgical Wound Infection ; etiology ; Time Factors

Objective To analyze the data of road traffic accidents, deaths and injuries in 31 provinces and municipalities in China from 2010 to 2017, and to predict that the number of deaths and injuries caused by road accidents set in the sustainable development goals (SDGs) will be halved by 2020 compared with the target set in 2015. Methods Describing and analyzing the current situation of road traffic accidents in 31 provinces and municipalities in China, and using the trend extrapolation method to predict whether the SDGs target can be achieved by 2020. Results The numbers of traffic accidents, deaths and injuries in Guangdong, Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shandong Provinces showed a downward trend from 2010 to 2017, but still ranked the front in China. In 2017, Beijing had the highest death rate followed by Guizhou as the second, and Guizhou had the highest injury rate followed by Tianjin as the second. The projected results showed that the numbers of deaths and injuries caused by road traffic accidents in China would be increased by 17% and 1.3% respectively in 2020 indicating that SDGs target could not be met. Among the 31 provinces/municipalities, it was predicted that the numbers of deaths and injuries in Hunan would be reduced to 50.7% and 65.3% in 2015, respectively by 2020, and the target could be achieved; the number of injuries in Shanghai was decreased by 83.3%, but the deaths was only decreased by 34.5%, and there was still a gap with the target; the rest 29 provinces/municipalities could not meet SDGs target. It was expected that the deaths in 11 provinces and municipalities would increase by 2020, with Beijing, Jilin, Jiangxi, Hubei and Guizhou Provinces showing the most significant growth. The number of injured people in 8 provinces and municipalities shows an increasing trend, with Jilin, Jiangxi, Hubei and Guizhou provinces showing significant growth. Conclusions Except for Hunan Province, it was difficult for the whole country and the rest provinces and municipalities to reach the SDGs target. According to the forecast results and the actual situation, a targeted scientific prevention and control strategy can be formulated. The measures taken by Hunan and Shanghai in traffic accident prevention and control were effective and worth learning.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the protective effect of reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger, N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), against H9c2 cardiomyocytes from injuries induced by chemical hypoxia.

METHODSH9c2 cells were treated with cobalt chloride (CoCl2), a chemical hypoxia-mimetic agent, to establish the chemical hypoxia-induced cardiomyocyte injury model. NAC was added into the cell medium 60 min prior to CoCl2 exposure. The cell viability was evaluated using cell counter kit (CCK-8), and the intercellular ROS level was measured by 2', 7'- dichlorfluorescein-diacetate (DCFH-DA) staining and photofluorography. Mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) of the cells was observed by Rhodamine123 (Rh123) staining and photofluorography, and the ratio of GSSG/ (GSSG+GSH) was calculated according to detection results of the GSSG kit.

RESULTSExposure of H9c2 cardiomyocytes to 600 micromol/L CoCl2 for 36 h resulted in significantly reduced cell viability. Pretreatment with NAC at the concentrations ranging from 500 to 2000 micromol/L 60 min before CoCl2 exposure dose-dependently inhibited CoCl2-induced H9c2 cell injuries, and obviously increased the cell viability. NAC at 2000 micromol/L obviously inhibited the oxidative stress induced by CoCl2, decreased the ratio of GSSG/(GSSG+GSH), increased ROS level, and antagonized CoCl2-induced inhibition on MMP.

CONCLUSIONNAC offers obvious protective effect on H9c2 cardiomyocytes against injuries induced by chemical hypoxia by decreasing in the ratio of GSSG/(GSSG+GSH) and ROS level and ameliorating MMP.

Animals ; Cell Hypoxia ; drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Embryo, Mammalian ; Free Radical Scavengers ; pharmacology ; Myocytes, Cardiac ; drug effects ; metabolism ; pathology ; Oxidative Stress ; drug effects ; Rats ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo investigate the relationship between the aldosterone synthase (CYP11B2)-344C/T polymorphism and small artery compliance (C(2)).

METHODSC(2) was measured by CVProfilor DO-2020 in 224 subjects, including 123 subjects with an abnormal C(2) and 101 normal controls. Genotypes of CYP11B2 were determined by polymerase chain reaction-based restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis.

RESULTSThe frequencies of the CYP11B TT genotype and T allele in subjects with an abnormal C(2) were slightly higher than in normal controls, but the differences did not reach statistical significance (55.3% vs 41.6%, P > 0.05, 75.6% vs 66.8%, P > 0.05. However, when CT was combined with CC, the frequency of TT in subjects with an abnormal C(2) was significantly higher than in normal controls (P < 0.05). By CANOVA, TT subjects had a lower C(2) than CT and CC subjects (P < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis revealed that TT genotype was associated with abnormal C(2) (P = 0.043, OR = 1.93 95% CI 1.02-3.63).

CONCLUSIONSThe CYP11B-344C/T polymorphism is associated with small artery compliance, and TT subjects are susceptible to abnormality of small arterial compliance.

Adult ; Arterioles ; physiology ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP11B2 ; genetics ; Elasticity ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide

OBJECTIVETo compare therapeutic effects of three fixation methods with three Kirschner wires,and to find the best fixation method.

METHODSFrom July 2008 to May 2009, 60 patients with humeral supracondylar fractures were treated. Among patients in Group A, 11 patients were male and 9 patients were female, ranging from 2 to 13 years old,with an average of (5.4 +/- 0.5)years;all the patients in Group A were fresh closed fractures without nerve and blood vessel injuries, 13 patients were type II and 7 patients were type III according to Gartland classification; and all the patients in Group A were treated by three Kirschner wires fixation with the third Kirschner different wire fixed through radial edge of coronoid fossa. Among patients in Group B, 13 patients were male and 7 patients were female,ranging from 2 to 11 years old, with an average of (6.1 +/- 0.4) years; all the patients in Group B were fresh closed fractures without blood vessel injuries, 11 patients were type II and 9 patients were type III according to Gartland classification, 2 patients had ulnar nerve injuries before treatment; and all the patients in Group B were treated by three Kirschner wires fixation with the third Kirschner different wire fixed through ulnar edge of coronoid fossa. Among patients in Group C, 8 patients were male and 12 patients were female, ranging from 3 to 14 years old, with an average of (7.4 +/- 0.6) years; all the patients in Group C were closed fresh fractures without blood vessel injuries, 7 patients were type II and 13 patients were type III according to Gartland classification, 2 patients had radial nerve injuries before treatment; and all the patients in Group C were treated by three Kirschner wires fixation with the third Kirschner different wire fixed through middle of coronoid fossa. After 1 year of treatment,the Carrying and Baumann angles were measured on the X-ray of all patients in the three groups, and the motion range of elbow joint was observed. The Flynn evaluation criteria were used to compare therapeutic effects among the three groups.

RESULTSAll the patients were followed up. The function loss of elbow joint were (14.04 +/- 3.25) degrees in Group A, (13.14 +/- 2.34) degrees in Group B, and (9.25 +/- 2.56) degrees in Group C. Changes of Carrying angle were (7.64 +/- 1.78) degrees in Group A; (7.38 +/- 1.68) degrees in Group B, and (5.27 +/- 1.13) degrees in Group C. Changes of Baumann angle were (28.55 +/- 3.23) degrees in Group A, (27.55 +/- 2.23) degrees in Group B, (21.45 +/- 1.73) degrees in Group C. According to Flynn criteria, there were 11 patients got excellent result, 4 good and 5 poor in Group A; in Group B, 12 patients got excellent result, 3 good and 5 poor; in Group C, 11 patients got excellent result, 6 good and 3 poor. The therapeutic effects of Group C was better than those of Group A and Group B.

CONCLUSIONThere are different effects among three kinds of operative approaches for the humerus supracondylar fractures. The fixation method with one Kirschner wire through middle part of coronoid fossa is better than the other two fixation methods.

Adolescent ; Bone Wires ; Case-Control Studies ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; methods ; Humans ; Humeral Fractures ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Male

OBJECTIVETo study the expressions of cystathionine-beta-synthase (CBS) and cystathionine-gamma-lyase (CSE) in the corpus cavernosum smooth muscle of castrated rats and their roles in erectile dysfunction after castration.

METHODSWe randomly assigned 40 eight-week-old male SD rats to groups A (2-week sham-operation), B (4-week sham-operation), C (2-week castration) and D (4-week castration). We determined the level of serum testosterone (T) and the expressions of CBS and CSE in the corpus cavernosum smooth muscle of the rats after operation using immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR.

RESULTSThe T level was significantly decreased in groups C ([11.85 +/- 6.73] nmol/L) and D ([1.96 +/- 1.23] nmol/L) as compared with A ([89.65 +/- 17.13] nmol/L) and B ([106.75 +/- 19.68] nmol/L) (P < 0.05). CBS and CSE were expressed in all groups of rats, but the relative expressions of CBS and CSE mRNA were significantly lower in groups C (0.93 +/- 0.14 and 0.87 +/- 0.20) and D (0.79 +/- 0.17 and 0.71 +/- 0.12) than in A (2.13 +/- 0.65 and 1.93 +/- 0.15) and B (2.07 +/- 0.53 and 1.89 +/- 0.45) (P < 0. 05), so were the optical density values (IA) of the CBS and CSE proteins, 130.35 +/- 23.56 and 93.56 +/- 36.64 in group C and 80.29 +/- 29.65 and 58.56 +/- 19.95 in group D, as compared with 310.57 +/- 130.56 and 269.56 +/- 116.76 in group A and 349.68 +/-112.35 and 298.35 +/- 100.76 in group B (P < 0.05). The androgen level was positively correlated with the expressions of CBS and CSE in the corpus cavernosum smooth muscle of the rats.

CONCLUSIONAndrogen regulates erectile function via the expressions of CBS and CSE.

Animals ; Cystathionine beta-Synthase ; metabolism ; Cystathionine gamma-Lyase ; metabolism ; Male ; Muscle, Smooth ; enzymology ; Orchiectomy ; Penis ; enzymology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Testosterone ; blood

OBJECTIVETo study the influence of serum from scalded rats on the cytoskeleton of colonic smooth muscle cells (CSMC) of rats cultured in vitro, and to probe the possible mechanism of gastrointestinal motility disorder after burn.

METHODSCSMC isolated from healthy adult Wistar rat were cultured and divided into scald serum group (SS) and normal serum group (NS) according to the random number talbi. Two normal Wistar rats were used, one of which was inflicted with deep partial-thickness scald. Serum was obtained from blood collected from these two rats respectively and diluted to 20% in concentration. Serum from scald and normal rats were respectively added to the culture of CSMC in SS and NS groups. The expression of actin and the relative content of β-tubulin in CSMC was respectively determined with flow cytometry and Western blot at post treatment hour (PTH) 1, 3, 6, and 12 (with 10 samples in each group at each time point). Data were processed with t test.

RESULTSFluorescence intensity of actin in SS group at PTH 1, 3, 6, and 12 was respectively 59 ± 4, 26 ± 6, 39 ± 6, and 42 ± 6, all significantly lower than those in NS group (95 ± 10, 91 ± 10, 102 ± 9, and 97 ± 9, with t value respectively 10.528, 18.069, 18.748, 16.647, P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). In SS group, the fluorescence intensity decreased to the nadir at PTH 3, and then increased persistently at PTH 6 and 12. (2) Relative content of β-tubulin in SS group at PTH 1, 3, 6, and 12 was respectively 14.44 ± 0.26, 8.61 ± 0.19, 11.76 ± 0.31, and 12.13 ± 0.29, all significantly less than those in NS group (22.37 ± 1.15, 21.87 ± 1.79, 23.24 ± 1.55, and 21.99 ± 2.02, with t value respectively 21.176, 23.365, 23.000, 15.273, P values all below 0.01). In SS group, the relative content of β-tubulin decreased to the nadir at PTH 3 and increased slowly at PTH 6 and 12.

CONCLUSIONSThe reduction of CMSC content which has the tendency of increasing later, can be attributed to the influence of scald serum in initial stage. This may be related to the tolerance and adaptation to scald serum and self-repair of CMSC.

Animals ; Burns ; metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Colon ; cytology ; Cytoskeleton ; metabolism ; Male ; Microtubules ; metabolism ; Myocytes, Smooth Muscle ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Serum

OBJECTIVETo investigate the risk factors for the development of congenital anal atresia in neonates.

METHODSA total of 70 neonates who were admitted to 17 hospitals in Foshan, China from January 2011 to December 2014 were enrolled as case group, and another 70 neonates who were hospitalized during the same period and had no anal atresia or other severe deformities were enrolled as control group. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to investigate the risk factors for the development of congenital anal atresia.

RESULTSThe univariate analysis revealed that the age of mothers, presence of oral administration of folic acid, infection during early pregnancy, and polyhydramnios, and sex of neonates showed significant differences between the case and control groups (P<0.05). The multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that infection during early pregnancy (OR=18.776) and male neonates (OR=9.304) were risk factors for congenital anal atresia, and oral administration of folic acid during early pregnancy was the protective factor (OR=0.086).

CONCLUSIONSInfection during early pregnancy is the risk factor for congenital anal atresia, and male neonates are more likely to develop congenital anal atresia than female neonates. Supplementation of folic acid during early pregnancy can reduce the risk of congenital anal atresia.

Anus, Imperforate ; etiology ; Female ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Pregnancy ; Risk Factors