DAZL, a member of the DAZ family, plays a key role in human spermatogenesis. It regulates the promoter via genetic modification, especially DNA methylation, promoting the transcription of DAZL. Besides, the relation of DAZL SNPs with male infertility has been a hot spot of research for many years. It is deduced that local and ethnic factors may be associated with the failure of spermatogenesis. This article presents an overview on the results of recent studies, changes in the DNA methylation of DAZL in spermatogenesis, and the association of DAZL SNPs with male infertility, aiming to provide a new theoretical basis and clinical strategy for the treatment of male infertility.
DNA Methylation ; Humans ; Infertility, Male ; genetics ; Male ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; RNA-Binding Proteins ; genetics ; Spermatogenesis

Objective To construct the recombinant plasmid carrying shRNA to ATX and analyze the nucle- ic acid sequence for further searching new gene therapy method of tumor.Methods Two DNA sequences containing short hairpin structure were designed and synthesized.The complement form was obtained by annealing and inserted into vector Psilcncer2.1-U6 neo,and the recombinant plasmid was transformed into DH5a strain.Finally the plasmid identified by restriction enzyme was used for sequence analysis.Results The recombinant Psileneer2.1-U6 neo car- rying shRNA to ATX had been constructed and the aim sequence had been obtained.Conclusion The construction of the recombinant plasmid carrying shRNA to ATX lays the basis for the study of its inhibitive effect on tumor.

To systematically review the incidence rate of adverse drug reaction/event by Qingkailing injection. Such databases as the PubMed, EMbase, the Cochrane library, CNKI, VIP WanFang data and CBM were searched by computer from foundation to July 30, 2015. Two reviewers independently screened literature according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, extracted data and cross check data. Then, Meta-analysis was performed by using the R 3.2.0 software, subgroup sensitivity analysis was performed based on age, mode of medicine, observation time and research quality. Sixty-three studies involving 9,793 patients with Qingkailing injection were included, 367 cases of adverse reactions/events were reported in total. The incidence rate of adverse reaction in skin and mucosa group was 2% [95% CI (0.02; 0.03)]; the digestive system adverse reaction was 6% [95% CI(0.05; 0.07); the injection site adverse reaction was 4% [95% CI (0.02; 0.07)]. In the digestive system as the main types of adverse reactions/events, incidence of children and adults were 4.6% [0.021 1; 0.097 7] and 6.9% [0.053 5; 0.089 8], respectively. Adverse reactions to skin and mucous membrane damage as the main performance/event type, the observation time > 7 days and ≤ 7 days incidence of 3% [0.012 9; 0.068 3] and 1.9% [0.007 8; 0.046 1], respectively. Subgroup analysis showed that different types of adverse reactions, combination in the incidence of adverse reactions/events were higher than that of single drug, the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). This study suggested the influence factors of adverse reactions occur, and clinical rational drug use, such as combination, age and other fators, and the influence factors vary in different populations. Therefore, clinical doctors for children and the elderly use special care was required for a clear and open spirit injection, the implementation of individualized medication.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; adverse effects ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Injections ; Male ; Middle Aged

The development of printing ink is a challenge for binder jetting 3D printed preparations, which directly determines the quality of the printed product. This study adopted a 2³ full-factor Design of Experiment (DoE) with three central points to optimize the printing ink composition of levetiracetam 3D printed dispersible tablet based on the concept of Quality by Design. Firstly, using polyvinyl pyrrolidone K30, glycerin and polysorbate 20 as independent variables based on 40% (v/v) isopropanol aqueous solution, and weight variation, hardness, friability and dispersion uniformity of the printed tablets were used as dependent variables. Then obtained the design space of the printing ink prescription by DoE model analysis, and the response optimizer was used to obtain the optimal printing ink prescription: isopropanol aqueous solution containing 0.1% (w/w) polyvinyl pyrrolidone K30 and 4.0% (w/w) glycerin. The jetting mechanism and wettability of the printing ink were analyzed, and different strengths of personalized 3D printed tablets were prepared and characterized, which verified the rationality of the printing ink formulation. This study provided a reference for the development of printing ink for binder jetting 3D printed preparations.

A search in the database of CNKI and VIP access was performed to gather relevant literature about acupuncture treatment for chronic pharyngitis to evaluate and analyze the present situation of clinical research. The results indicate that the combination therapy is the major treatment for chronic pharyngitis, especially in the combination of acupuncture and Chinese herbs. There is great progress in clinic research in which proper scientific methodology was adopted. However, it demands further improvement in research quality, cases quality, diagnostic criteria, evaluation standard of efficacy, quality control and effectiveness of treatment. The research design of investigating mechanism is in accordance with traditional theory of TCM. The results suggest that new ideas and innovative approaches and valuable observation indices should be applied to improve research level.
Acupuncture Therapy ; Chronic Disease ; therapy ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Pharyngitis ; diagnosis ; drug therapy ; therapy ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic

Prolactin is a polypeptide hormone which mainly acts on the reproductive system and plays an important role in penile erection and ejaculation. Prolactin receptors have a variety of short forms apart from the classic long form, which are widely expressed in male reproductive glands. High levels of prolactin can induce erectile dysfunction and results in secondary male infertility, which are mainly associated with the inhibition of dopaminergic activity, reduction of the testosterone level, and contraction of the cavernous smooth muscle. Moreover, low levels of prolactin can result in ejaculatory dysfunction. This article updates the views on the expressions of prolactin receptors in the male reproductive system, the effects of prolactin on penile erection and ejaculation, and its action mechanisms.
Ejaculation ; physiology ; Erectile Dysfunction ; Humans ; Infertility, Male ; Male ; Muscle, Smooth ; physiopathology ; Penile Erection ; physiology ; Prolactin ; physiology ; Receptors, Prolactin ; physiology ; Reproduction

This paper adopted a series of related analysis methods to comprehensively analyze post-marketing clinical safety data of Shenmai injection from 4,220 cases of SRS and 32,358 cases of multicenter, prospective, registered hospital centralized monitoring in large data background, calculated ADR incidence rate was 0.93 per 1,000, main symptoms of ADR includes chest pain, chills, skin itching, palpitations, fever, nausea, dizziness, vomiting, flushing, numbness, allergic reaction, cyanosis, rash, low back pain, and "breath", "anaphylactoid reaction" and "flush" were the safety warning signals of Shenmai injection. Primary disease for chronic pulmonary heart disease, thyroid disease, and combined with cerebral vascular disease, prior to the injection and continuous use of alprostadil, cyclic adenosine monophosphate, combined with quinolones, penicillins were suspicious influence factors of ADR of Shenmai injection, these promot the clinical safety.
Drug Combinations ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; adverse effects ; Humans ; Injections ; Product Surveillance, Postmarketing ; Prospective Studies

This study adopted a large sample, multicenter, registered hospital centralized monitoring nested prospective case-control study design. From the real world clinical application of Shenqi Fuzheng injection, monitored 30 026 cases of patients with the use of Shenqi Fuzheng injection. A total of 51 adverse drug reaction (ADR) cases was monitored, including 1 case of severe adverse reactions. ADR incidence rate was 1.7 per 1,000. Blood samples were collected from patients with allergic reactions and their matched controls. Related biological indicators of allergic reactions were unified detected and analysed in order to explore the mechanism of allergic reaction and promote the clinical safety.
Case-Control Studies ; Drug Hypersensitivity ; etiology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; adverse effects ; Humans ; Injections ; Product Surveillance, Postmarketing ; Prospective Studies

This study was aimed to observe the pharmacodynamics of genistein combined with tripterygium gly-cosides ( GTW ) in the rheumatoid arthritis ( RA ) treatment of ovariectomized rats . SD rats were randomly divid-ed into four groups , which were the sham-operation group , model group , Methotrexate ( MTX ) treatment group ( 2.7 mg/kg ) , and genistein ( 30 mg/kg ) combined with GTW ( 70 mg/kg ) treatment group . There were ten rats in each group . Except the sham-operation group , rats in other groups were ovariectomized and immunized by collagen type II to prepare collagen induced arthritis ( CIA ) model . The intragastric administration of drugs was given once a day for two weeks . The arthritis index , joints swelling degree , and levels of anti-Col II , IL-6 and IL-10 in serum were tested . The results showed that the arthritis index , joints swelling degree , and levels of anti-Col II , IL-6 and IL-10 in serum were all significantly increased in the model group ( P < 0 . 05 or P< 0 . 01 ) . Compared with the model group , the arthritis index and joints swelling degree of both MTX and genistein combined with GTW were significantly decreased . The level of anti-Col II in serum of the MTX treatment group was significantly decreased ( P < 0 . 05 ) . However , there were no significant changes on levels of IL-6 and IL-10 . The levels of anti-Col II and IL-6 in serum of the genistein combined with GTW were significantly decreased ( P < 0 . 05 ) . The level of IL-10 was significantly increased ( P < 0 . 01 ) . It was conclud-ed that genistein combined with GTW can significantly inhibit the pathological progress of CIA on ovariec-tomized rats . Compared with MTX , the genistein combined with GTW received a better regulating effect on the expression of IL-6 and IL-10 . The results suggested that phytoestrogen combined with GTW played a good therapeutic effect on gonadal dysfunction type of RA . It provided novel strategies and experimental evidences on postmenopausal RA treatment in the clinical practice .

This study was aimed to compare the activation of daidzein and puerarin on antioxidation, NO and NOS suppression in vitro . The RAW264 . 7 cell line was used to prepare radical reaction model induced by LPS (1 μg/mL). MTT method was adopted to detect cytotoxicity of daidzein and puerarin. The DCFH-DA probe and confocal microscopy were used to examine the antioxidant ability of daidzein and puerarin. Griess reagent was adopted to test the NO level in the culture medium. And chemical colorimetry was used to detect the content in RAW264.6 cells. The results showed that daidzein and puerarin can significantly suppress the NO and T-NOS expression in RAW264.7 cells induced by LPS. It was concluded that there was no difference on the activation of antioxidant free radical between daidzein and puerarin . In this regard , daidzein can be the used as substitutes of puerarin .