To investigate formation mechanism of secologanic acid sulfonates in sulfur-fumigated buds of Lonicera japonica, secologanic acid was enriched and purified from the sun-dried buds of L. japonica by various column chromatography on macroporus resin HPD-100, silica gel and ODS. The stimulation experiments of sulfur-fumigation process were carried out using secologanic acid reacted with SO2 in the aqueous solution. The reaction mechanism could be involved in the esterification or addition reaction. The present investigation provides substantial evidences for interpreting formation pathway of secologanic acid sulfonates in sulfur-fumigated buds of L. japonica.
Alkanesulfonates ; chemistry ; Carboxylic Acids ; chemistry ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Flowers ; chemistry ; drug effects ; Lonicera ; chemistry ; drug effects ; Models, Chemical ; Molecular Structure ; Sulfur ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Sulfur Dioxide ; chemistry ; Water ; chemistry

A UPLC method has been developed in the current investigation for simultaneous determination of nine chemical markers of Bletilla striata, 4-hydroxymethylphenyl beta-D-glucoside, blestroside, dactylorhin A, militarine, dihydrophenanthrene 5, gymnoside V, dihydrophenanthrene 1, benzylphenanthrene 3 and gymnosides IX. Separation was performed at 45 degrees C on an ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 column (2.1 mm x 150 mm, 1.7 microm) with a gradient solvent system of acetonitrile-water as the mobile phase. The flow rate was 0.3 mL x min(-1), the detection wavelength was 280 nm. The results showed that the nine chemical markers could be well resolved and that in the selected linear range, all calibration curves of the nine chemical markers showed good linearity (r > or = 0.999 3). The recoveries (n = 6) were in the range of 98.15% - 102.2% and RSDs were between 2.1% - 3.6%. The data suggested that the developed UPLC-UV method had good reproducibility, robustness, and accuracy, which was suitable for the quality control of Bletilla striata. Applications of the method showed that the nine chemical markers had higher contents in the wild B. striata than in the cultivated ones.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; isolation & purification ; Magnoliopsida ; chemistry ; Rhizome ; chemistry

Objective To generate of human induced pluripotent stem cells from umbilical cord matrix cells(UMC).Methods Sox2 and Klf4 and Oct4 and c-Myc were transfected into UMC cells with retrovirus,and thcn UMC cells was reprogrammed to iPS cells.Gene expression was confirmed with RT -PCR and the integration was confirmed with cell karyotype.iPS cells were further validatcd with cell alkaline phosphatase detection and immunofluorescence staining,differentiating into teratomas in vivo and embryoid bodies in vitro.Results iPS cells were similar to embryonic stem cells (ES).The expression of Nanog,Oct4,Rex1 and Sox2 in iPS cells were higher than UMC cells,and Sox2,Klf4,Oct4,c-Myc silenced in iPS cells.Exogenous genes were inserted into the nucleus of iPS cells,which was confirmed by 1％ agarose gel electrophoresis.iPS ccll karyotype was normal,alkaline phosphatase activity increased,ES cell-specific proteins,including SSEA3,SSEA4,TRA-1-60,TRA-1-81 and Nanog,were expressed.iPS cells were differentiated into a teratoma in vivo and embryoid bodies in vitro.Conclusions iPS cells were similar to ES cells,which had pluripotency.

ObjectiveGeneration of human induced pluripotent stem cells from human skin fibroblasts.MethodsSox2, Klf4, Oct4, c-Myc were transfected into HSF cells with retrovirus, and then HSF cells was reprogrammed to iPS cells.Detecting cells endogenous and exogenous gene, analyzing karyotype,cells alkaline phosphatase staining and immunofluorescence staining, differentiating into teratomas in vivo and embryoid bodies in vitro were performed.ResultsiPS cell morphology was similar to embryonic stem cells (ES).The expression of Nanog, Oct4, Rex1, Sox2 in iPS cells were higher than HSF cells, and Sox2, Klf4, Oct4, c-Myc were silenced for the iPS cells.Exogenous genes were inserted into the nucleus of iPS cells, which was confirmed by 1％ agarose gel electrophoresis.iPS cell karyotype was normal, alkaline phosphatase activity increased, ES cell-specific protein expressed.iPS cells were differentiated into a teratoma in vivo and embryoid bodies in vitro.ConclusionsiPS cells were similar to ES cells, which have pluripotency.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of maternal deprivation on the activity of hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, acute stress response and the sex hormone receptors expression in hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) in female rats.

METHODSMaternal deprivation model was induced in female Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Foot shock was given at different stages of estrus cycle during the adulthood. Plasma estradiol, testosterone and adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) levels were determined by radioimmunoassay; and plasma corticosterone level was measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. The expression of androgen receptor (AR) and estrogen receptor (ER-β) in the hypothalamic PVN was detected by immunohistochemistry.

RESULTSDecreased plasma ACTH and corticosterone levels were found in the proestrus of female rats with maternal deprivation (P=0.012 and P=0.019, respectively). A significant down-regulation (P=0.008) of PVN-AR, but not PVN-ER-β expression was found in female rats with maternal deprivation.

CONCLUSIONMaternal deprivation may reduce the HPA axis activity in female SD rats, which is closely correlated with the fluctuation of the circulating sex hormones. The androgen in the hypothalamus seems to play a more important role than the estrogen in this procedure.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone ; blood ; Animals ; Corticosterone ; blood ; Estradiol ; blood ; Female ; Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System ; physiopathology ; Maternal Deprivation ; Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus ; metabolism ; Pituitary-Adrenal System ; physiopathology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, Androgen ; metabolism ; Receptors, Estrogen ; metabolism ; Stress, Physiological ; Testosterone ; blood

OBJECTIVETo study the lipid constituents from Echinacea purpurea.

METHODThe compounds were isolated by chromatography method and the structures were identified on the basis of spectral analyses.

RESULTFive compounds were isolated and identified as, 1 beta, 6 alpha-dihydroxy-4(14)-eudesmene(1), (2E, 4E, 8Z, 10E)-N-isobutyl-2,4,8,10-dodecatetraenamide(2), (2E, 4E, 8Z, 10Z)-N-isobutyl-2,4,8,10-dodecatetraenamide(3), cerotic acid(4), hyxacosyl alcohol(5).

CONCLUSIONCompounds 1,4 and 5 were obtained from the plant for the first time.

Echinacea ; chemistry ; Fatty Acids ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Fatty Alcohols ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Sesquiterpenes ; chemistry ; isolation & purification

OBJECTIVETo study the storage technique on artificial seeds of Pinellia ternata.

METHODMicrotubers were used as experiment materials. By using orthogonal experiment, the sodium alginate, added with GA3 badistan, chitosan and sodium benzoate, was used as seed vessel. The artificial seeds were stored respectively under 25 degrees C and 4 degrees C for 30 days, then, calculated the germination rate.

RESULT AND CONCLUSIONThe sodium alginate(3%) added with GA3(0.1 mg x L(-1)), sodium benzoate(0.2%), badistan(1.0%), ClO2(0.1%) and chitosan(0.2%), were used as artificial seed vessel. Stored under (25 +/- 1) degrees C for 30 days, and the germination rate was over 65%. The sodium alginate(3%), added with GA3(0.1 mg x L(-1)), sodium benzoate(0.2%), badistan(1.0%), ClO2(0.2%) and chitosan(0.1%), were used as artificial seed vessel. Stored under 4 degrees C for 30 days, and the germination rate was over 80%.

Alginates ; Chitosan ; Drug Storage ; methods ; Germination ; physiology ; Gibberellins ; Glucuronic Acid ; Hexuronic Acids ; Pinellia ; growth & development ; Plants, Medicinal ; growth & development ; Seeds ; growth & development ; Sodium Benzoate ; Temperature

This dissertation is to determine the biopotency of hemostat which processed in different places by establishing a bioassay method of Bletillae Rhizoma based on the thrombin time. Contrast test is the main methodology. Specifically, the reference substance of Bletillae Rhizoma is determined by comparing with the control substance of vitamin K1 using thrombin time, which is calibrated the Bletillae Rhizoma. The hemostatic biopotency is calculated by using the method of "parallel line assay method based on quantitative responses" (3.3) from different processed products. It indicates that there is a strong linear correlation between Bletillae Rhizoma and control drugs (Y = 66.332-23.913X, R2 = 0.995 3). The hemostatic biopotency of Bletillae Rhizoma from different processed products ranged between 821.93-1 187.53 U x g(-1) shown in the paper, and all of them can meet the requirements of the test. The methodology has an appropriate instrument precision (RSD 3.8%), intermediate precision (RSD 4.6%), repeatability (RSD 3.2%) and stability (RSD 3.7%). Therefore, it can be turned out that the methodology which established in the dissertation is good at determinating the hemostatic biopotency of Bletillae Rhizoma and it is reliable, simple and repeatable.
Animals ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; standards ; Hemostatics ; pharmacology ; standards ; Orchidaceae ; chemistry ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Rhizome ; chemistry ; Thrombin Time

OBJECTIVETo study the chemical constituents of ethanolic extract from herbs of Dicliptera chinensis.

METHODThe compounds were separated by silica gel column chromatography, preparation TLC and reverse phase HPLC, their structures were identified by the spectroscopic methods of UV, NMR and MS.

RESULTSeven compounds were isolated from ethyl acetate extract. Their structure were identified as octasulphur (1), secoisolariciresinol dimethyl ether diacetate (2), 5-methoxy-4, 4'-di-O-methyl secolariciresinol (3), chinensinaphthol methyl ester (4), loliolide (5), beta-sitosterol 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (6) and stigmasterol 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (7).

CONCLUSIONAll the compounds except 6 were obtained from the plants of Dicliptera for the first time.

Acanthaceae ; chemistry ; Benzofurans ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Glucosides ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Sitosterols ; chemistry ; isolation & purification

Objective To retrospectively explore the prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in inpatients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)in Beijing.Methods The COPD patients who were discharged from the General Hospital of the Liberation Army,Peking Union medical college Hospital and Beijing Hospital between January 1st,2000 to March 20th,2010,were investigated.The prevalence of CVD were calculated.The tendency of the prevalence of CVD by age or discharge year and the difference of the prevalence of CVD between male and female were estimated by using chi-square analysis.Results There were 4960 COPD patients who were in accordance with the inclusion criteria with 3570 males and 1390 females.The mean age was 72.2±10.4 years.Of the COPD patients,48.8% were diagnosed as cardiovascular diseases.The age-adjusted over-all prevalence of CVD was 26.4%.Chronic pulmonary heart disease and other disease of pulmonary artery(15.8%)was the most frequent diseases,followed by heart failure(13.6%),ischemic heart disease (10.6%).In COPD patients,male was more likely to have angina,pulmonary heart disease and other disease of pulmonary artery and acute kidney failure (P＜0.05),while less likely to get arrhythmia (atrial fibrillation/atrial flutter),heart failure,pulmonary embolism,hypertension and diabetes mellitus (P＜0.05).The prevalence of arrhythmia increased with age,however,the ischemic heart disease and heart failure decreased.The proportion of CVD decreased in male patients while increased in females.Conclusion The overall prevalence of CVD comorbidities was 48.8% in 4960 patients with COPD who were older than 40 years in Beijing.There were differences among the groups of various age and sex in the distribution of CVD comorbidities frequencies year by year.