Objective To validate a new standardized training program for urological surgeons to improve their laparoscopic surgical skills. Methods The laparoscopic surgical training program was carried out by using the traditional mechanical simulators and animal models. Thirty-three trainees participated the urological laparoscopic surgical training program. Initially, the novices were assigned to practise basic laparoscopic skills step by step on the simulator with fixed trocar positions. After a period of basic training, they were allowed to practise on animal models for some particular proce-dures. Results All trainees (33/33, 100.0%) participated were able to perform all basic techniques skillfully and completed laparoscopic anastomosis accurately after the training. The time required for performing the partial nephrectomy, dismembered pyeloplasty and ureteral reimplantation on animal models declined from 64.0±18.4, 127.54±17.5 and 75.84±11.6 min at the beginning to 30.94±3.8, 65.2±7. 5 and 37.7±7.2 min after practicing these procedures 8 times (P<0.01). They could un-derstand the crucial procedures of the laparoseopic surgeries after 6 to 8 special trainings on animal models. Fifteen trainees (15/33, 45.5%) had started to carry out laparoscopic surgeries after-finish- ing the training program. Conclusions Our program enables the participants to improve their techniques in complicated laparoscopic surgeries. The challenging parts of reconstructive laparoscopic surgeries such as laparoscopic dismembered pyeloplasty can be taught by using animal models. This program could be incorpo-rated easily by all urological departments developing a laparoscopie surgical training program.

Objective To explore the correlation between hyperuricaemia and blood pressure, and blood lipid and glucose. Methods By using simple cluster sampling, 2 branch units from PetroChina Changqing Oilfield Company were selected, and all the 720 subjects with hyperuricaemia (HUA) were assigned to the HUA group; another 620 participants with normal uric acid (UA) level into the normal group. The correlation between blood uric acid and blood pressure,and blood lipid and glucose was assessed by Logistic regression. Results The odds ratio (OR) of those who had 1,2 or 3 abnormal status of hypertension,hyperlipidemia and impaired fasting glucose in the HUA group were much higher than the normal group (OR values were 4. 036,2. 562, and 4. 174, respectively). Logistic regression showed that male, systolic blood pressure ( SBP), GLU, total cholesterol ( TC), triglyceride ( TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were risk factors of H UA ( OR values were 7. 736,2. 309,1.721,2. 761 and 1. 411,respectively) ,while high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C, OR = 0. 211 ) was a protective factor of HUA. Conclusions Gender,blood pressure and blood lipid may have correlation with blood UA. Multiple risk factors should be considered to improve the effectiveness of health education and health promotion.

Objective To investigate the effect of extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) on early and mid-term knee osteoarthritis (KOA). Methods 70 patients were randomly assigned to ESWT group (n=34) or control group (n=36). The ESWT group was given shock wave on unilateral knee, while the control group accepted shock wave with the energy density of 0. They were evaluated with Visual Analog Scale (VAS) on movement, Lequesne Index and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities (WOMAC) Osteoarthritis Index before and 12 weeks after the intervention. Results The scores of VAS, Lequesne Index and WOMAC Osteoarthritis Index improved more in the ESWT group than in the control group after intervention (P<0.01). Conclusion ESWT is effective on KOA as a non-surgical treatment.

Objective To probe the effects of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-?B) on cell apoptosis and left ventricular segmental function in acute ischemia repeffusion in dogs.Method Twenty-four dogs were randomly divided into three groups:without left anterior artery (lAD) ligation group (C group),LAD was occluded 30 min following reperfusion 120 minutes in isehemical reperfusion group (IR group),and dogs were administered with PDTC before LAD ligation in ischemical reperfusion plus pyorrole dithitocarbamate group (PDTC group).The left ventricular segmental function was detected by echo cardiography using strain rate anlysis software.EF measured by Simpson's method.Cardiac myocyte apoptosis numbers were determined by terminal deoxynudeotidy transferease-mediated biotinylated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end labeling (TUNEL).lmmunohistochemistry and western-blot anylysis of NF-?B protein expression.Results NF-?B was obviously expression on injury myocardium of IR group,and increased significantly in contrast to control group (P0.05)Conclusions NF-?B might play an important role in acute myocardial ischemia reperfusion.PDTC reduces myocardial iscbemia/repeffasion injury by preventing expression of factor NF-?B.

Objective To investigate the value of diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) in detecting acute intracerebral hemorrhage with 3.0T MR. Methods A total of 105 patients with acute strokes underwent MR examination within 3 days after on set. The detectability and reliability of intracerebral hemorrhage with the DWI b0 sequence was assessed. The results were compared with the gradient-echo (GRE) sequence. The results of the GRE sequence were used as the standard. Results DWI b0 images of 47 cases displayed clearly in 48 acute intracerebral hemorrhage patients. For the detection of acute intracerebral hemorrhage, DWI b0 images had a sensitivity of 97.92%, specificity of 100%, the positive predictive value of 100%, and the negative predictive value of 98.25%. Deoxyhemoglobin-induced hypointense rim was characteristic on DWI b0 images, the next was GRE. Conclusion In the setting of acute stroke, DWI can clearly distinct intracerebral hemorrhage and non-intracerebral hemorrhage with 3.0T MR scanner. With a more rapid and accurate MRI strategy to evaluate acute stroke including DWI, T1WI and T2WI sequences without GRE is helpful in clinical decision making.

AIM: To investigate the immune mechanisms for Periplocin from Cortex Periplocae (CPP) in tumor-bearing mice. METHODS: H_(22) tumor-bearing model BALB/c mice were applied to evaluated in vivo immunoregulatory effect of CPP. The influence of different dose CPP (0.25, 0.50 and 1.00 mg/kg) on immune organs in tumorbearing mice were observed. T cell subsets of mice spleen were detected by flow cytometry. MTT assay was used to determine the influence of CPP on lymphocyte proliferation of mice spleen stimulated by ConA. The levels of TNF-α, IL-2 and IL-12 in serum from mice were detected by means of ELISA. RESULTS: Thymus index and spleen index of H_(22) tumor-bearing model control mice became less than that of normal mice (P < 0.05). Compared to both model and normal control groups, thymus index and spleen index of H_(22) tumor-bearing mice treated with CPP increased obviously (P < 0.05). CPP had no influence on the number of CD8~+ T cells, but up-regulated markedly the number of CD3~+, CD4~+ T cells and the ratio of CD4~+/CD8~+ in tumorbearing mice. In CPP-treated mice, the percentage of CD3~+, CD4~+ T cells were not different from normal mice (P<0.05), the ratio of CD4~+/CD8~+ was higher than that of normal mice (P < 0.05). CPP enhanced obviously lymphocyte proliferation of mice spleen induced by ConA, the SI scores were even higher than that of nornal mice. The levels of TNF-α, IL-2 and IL-12 in serum from CPP-treated mice, increased significantly compared to model control group (P<0.05) in a dose-dependent manner, were similar to or higher than that of normal mice. CONCLUSION: CPP protected immune organs of tumor-bearing mice, increased obviously the percentage of CD4~+ and CD4~+/ CD8~+ among the T cell line, and enhanced lymphocyte proliferation of mice spleen significantly, stimulated the production of TNF-α, IL-2 and IL-12. The results suggested that CPP possessed potent immunoregulatory effect.

Objective To probe the causes,early recognition and effective therapy of posttraumatic biloma.Methods The data of all patients with the injury of the liver and bile duct treated in our center during the past 10 years were reviewed.Patients,diagnosed with biloma were retrospectively analyzed in respects of sex,age,cause of biloma,methods and efficacy of diagnosis and treatment.Results There were 46 patients with biloma.Of them,40 were found after liver trauma of grade Ⅲ-Ⅴ.The incidence of biloma was 15.2％ (40/263).In grade Ⅳ,Ⅴ,and Ⅲ,it was 22.6％ (31/137) and 7.1％ (9/126) respectively (x2 =12.20,P ＜ 0.01) and in blunt and penetrating injury,it was 19.3％ (35/181) and 6.1％ (5/82) respectively (x2 =7.67,P ＜ 0.01).Of these 40,36 were found during the course of conservative therapy of severe liver trauma; and 4 were found after laparotomy for the liver trauma.The remaining 6 cases of biloma had a history of injury to extrahepatic bile duct with a incidence of 18.8％(6/32).All 46 patients received spiral CT scaning plus MRI in 9,and ERCP in 11.Of those 40 with biloma after severe liver trauma,28 were cured by ultrasound-guided or computed tomography scan-guided pigtail drainage; and the remaining 12,in whom the biloma volume ＜ 30 cm3 resolved spontaneously.Six patients in whom the biloma as a result of injury to extrahepatic bile duct were cured by surgical intervention.There was no death and complication related with the therapy of biloma.Conclusions Attention should be given to biloma formation,when nonoperative therapy is exercised for severe liver trauma.Ultrasound-or CT scan-guided pigtail drainage is an effective option,but those due to injury of extrahepatic bile duct require surgical intervention.

Objective To evaluate the effect of comprehensive prevention and control of soil?transmitted nematodiasis in Runzhou District Zhenjiang City Jiangsu Province from 1997 to 2012. Methods The comprehensive prevention and control measures included the helminthicide health education improvement of water supplier and harmless toilets and these mea?sures were implemented continuously. At the same time the infection rates of soil?transmitted nematodes the local economic in?dicators and the coverage rates of tap water and harmless toilets were surveyed. Results The mass chemotherapy was per?formed for 202 100 person?times and the diagnosed chemotherapy was performed for 2 006 person?times in Runzhou District from 1997 to 2012. The awareness rates of health knowledge were 57.18%in 1997 and 95.62%in 2012. The coverage rates of tap water and harmless toilets were 10.14%and 10.21%in 1997 and 100.0%and 90.38%in 2012 respectively. There were negative correlations between the awareness rate of per capita GDP per capita net income coverage rates of tap water cover?age rates of harmless toilets health knowledge and the infection rate of soil?transmitted nematodes respectively rper capita GDP=-0.526 P 0.05 rper capita net income=-0.671 P 0.01 rcoverage rates of tap water=-0.936 P 0.01 rcoverage rates of harmles toilets=-0.922 P 0.01 rawarenes=-0.774 P 0.01 . The statistical analysis showed that the infection rate of soil?transmitted nematodes had a downward trend as an expo?nential curve in Runzhou District from 1997 to 2012 y=42.031 7e?0.357 6x R2=0.803 6 F=57.28 P=0.000 . The infection rate of degradation by an annual rate was 29.18%. The infection rate in farmers was significantly higher than that in students χ2=17.998 P 0.01 . There was no significant difference between men and women in the infection rate of soil?transmitted nema?todes χ2=3.627 P=0.057 . Conclusion The comprehensive prevention and control measures and the development of so?cial economy contribute to the steady decline of soil?transmitted nematode infections.

Objective: To explore the mechanism of acupuncture in regulating cognitive deficits in insomnia rats by observing the effect of acupuncture on microglia in thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN). Methods: Thirty rats were randomly divided into a control group, a model group and an acupuncture group, with 10 rats in each group. The insomnia model was established by intraperitoneal injection of para-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA) once a day for 2 d. Rats in the control group were intraperitoneally injected with the same amount of normal saline. Rats in the acupuncture group received acupuncture at Neiguan (PC 6) and Zusanli (ST 36) for 5 consecutive days. The CLOCKLAB 2 data acquisition system was used to dynamically observe the sleep of the rats throughout the experiment. The cognition of rats was evaluated by event-related potentials (ERPs). After intervention, brain tissue was extracted. Immunofluorescence was used to test the fluorescence expression in TRN region. The concentrations of interleukin (IL)-1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: After intraperitoneal injection of PCPA suspension, the spontaneous activity in light period of rats in the model group and acupuncture group increased significantly compared with the control group (both P<0.01). After acupuncture treatment, the rats in the acupuncture group had much less spontaneous activity during the light period than those in the model group (P<0.01), and the results indicated that acupuncture could effectively improve the sleep quality of insomnia rats. Compared with the control group, rats in the model group showed that the P3 latency, the average optical density of microglia, and the concentrations of IL-1β and TNF-α increased significantly (all P<0.05), and the P3 amplitude decreased significantly (P<0.01). Compared with the model group, rats in the acupuncture group presented that the P3 latency, the average optical density of microglia, and the concentrations of IL-1β and TNF-α were significantly decreased (all P<0.05), and the amplitude of P3 was significantly increased (P<0.05). Conclusion: Acupuncture possesses an ability to improve the cognitive state in insomnia rats. The mechanism may be related to inhibiting the microglial activation, diminishing the levels of pro-inflammatory mediators like IL-1β and TNF-α, and promoting the recovery of central nervous system function.

OBJECTIVETo observe the pregnancy promoting effect of Bushen Shengjing Decoction (BSSJD) combined with intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) in treating male infertility with severe oligospermatism and azoospermia (SOA).

METHODSICSI were applied on 164 patients, among them, the 82 assigned to the TCM group were treated with additionally by BSSJD before injection for 2-3 months, and the other 82 assigned to the control group received ICSI alone. The density, motility, viability and deformity of sperm; semen level of reactive oxygen species (ROS); number of eggs retrieved, M II eggs and mean transplanted fetus; rates of fertilization, cleavage, available embryo and clinical pregnancy in the two groups were observed and compared.

RESULTSCompared with those in the control group, the density, motility and viability of sperm were higher, the deformity rate and ROS level were lower in the TCM group respectively (P<0.05). Moreover, higher rates of fertilization and clinical pregnancy were also shown in the TCM group (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONBSSJD has the effects of decreasing semen level of ROS and improving the quality of sperm. It is also helpful for the natural fertilization ability of patients with SOA and raise the viability of their sperm to increase the ovarian fertilization rate and clinical pregnancy rate in ICSI cycles.

Adult ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Embryo Transfer ; Female ; Humans ; Infertility, Male ; etiology ; therapy ; Male ; Oligospermia ; complications ; therapy ; Phytotherapy ; Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic ; Sperm Motility ; drug effects ; Spermatozoa ; drug effects ; pathology ; Young Adult