Air ; analysis ; Air Pollutants, Occupational ; analysis ; Electrophoresis, Capillary ; Esters ; analysis ; Phthalic Acids ; analysis ; Sensitivity and Specificity

Objective To assessed the distribution of two single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)loci (rs2383206.rs10757278)on chromosome 9p21 in Xinjiang Uygur and Han nationality populations,and to investigate correlation and the incidence of all cases of macrovascular disease (coronary artery disease,carotid atherosclerosis and peripheral arterial disease)and analysis of risk factors.To further study the correlation between the incidence of two single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)loci (rs2383206.rs10757278)on chromosome 9p21 in type 2 diabetes melli-tus(T2DM)of Han and Uygur ethnic and the incidence of all cases vascular disease,then to analysis the risk factors. Methods 497 adults with T2DM who were treated in the Endocrinology department in hospital from May 2012 to April 2014 were involved in this study,including 298 Uygur patients and 199 Han patients.215 non -T2DMpatients who were treated in the Cardiology department in hospital were also involved in the study,including 93 Uighur patients and 122 Han patients.Then the total 712 patients were detectedby using PCR -SNP Stream technology to analyse rs2383206.rs10757278 loci SNP genotyping.The relevant results were compared with t test,two different genotype distribution and allele frequency were compared with χ2 test,multiple factors analysis were calculated by Logisitic regression.Results The distribution of genotype with two SNP loci had no significant difference between the patients in Uygur group and Han group (rs2383206χ2 =5.570,P =0.062;rs10757278 χ2 =2.721,P =0.257 ),and there's no significant difference between the patients with macrovascular disease and non -macrovascular disease in all patients(rs2383206χ2 =0.120,P =0.950;rs10757278 χ2 =1.027,P =0.598).Logisitic regression analysis showed that the incidence of macrovascular was significantly associated with increasing age(χ2 =28.820,P =0.000)and fatty liver(χ2 =5.210,P =0.020)in Uighur group with type 2 DM.In Han group with type 2 DM,the macrovascular was significantly associated with the increase of age (χ2 =19.980,P =0.000),elevated fasting blood glucose (FPG)(χ2 =4.070,P =0.044)and poor controlled with glycosylated hemoglobin (χ2 =4.280,P =0.040). Conclusion This study found that there's no correlation between two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPS)loci (rs2383206.rs10757278)on chromosome 9 p21 large with macrovascular in Uygur group and Han group.Increasing age,higher FPG and poor controlled with glycosylated hemoglobin combined with fatty liver were the risk factors for macrovascular.

OBJECTIVETo observe the improvements of synchronous treatment of bilateral scalp acupuncture and rehabilitation training on activities of daily life in patients with cerebral infarction at acute phase, so as to compare the efficacy differences between scalp acupuncture at bilateral and affected side as well as differences between synchronous and non-synchronous treatment.

METHODSNinety patients of acute-phase cerebral infarction with motor dysfunction were randomly divided into three groups. The observation group was treated with synchronous treatment of scalp acupuncture at the Dingzhongxian (middle line of vertex), bilateral Dingnieqianxiexian (anterior oblique line of vertex-temporal) and bilateral Dingniehouxiexian (posterior oblique line of vertex-temporal) and rehabilitation training; the control group A was treated with synchronous treatment of affected scalp acupuncture at the Dingzhongxian, affected Dingnieqianxiexian and affected Dingniehouxiexian and rehabilitation training; the control group B was treated with bilateral scalp acupuncture for 4 h, followed by rehabilitation training. All the patients took the treatment once a day, and 6 days for a course of treatment for total of 4 courses. The modified Barthel index (MBI), activities of daily living (ADL) and Fugl-Meyer motor assessment (FMA) were used to perform efficacy assessment before treatment, in the 14th days of treatment and in the 28th days of treatment in three groups.

RESULTSAfter treatment, three indices at each time point were superior to those before the treatment in three groups (all P<0.01) ; the improvements of ADL and FMA in the observation group after 28 days of treatment were superior to those in the control group A and control group B (all P<0.05), and the improvement of MBI was superior to that in the control group B (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe synchronous treatment of bilateral scalp acupuncture and rehabilitation training could significantly improve the activities of daily life and motor function in patients with cerebral infarction at acute phase, which is superior to scalp acupuncture at affected side and non-synchronous treatment.

Activities of Daily Living ; Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Aged ; Cerebral Infarction ; rehabilitation ; therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Scalp ; Treatment Outcome

· AIM: To search an easy and simple way for intraocular implantation after the eye evisceration.· METHODS: Fifteen healthy New Zealand rabbits were divided into 5 groups according to the sacrifice time, and each group included 3 rabbits; the left eye received the injection of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) bone cement (2g per mL), while the right eye served as control. Under general anesthetia, a 3mm incision was made on the sclera,and the eye contents and pigment tissues were extruded out with fingers. Then, PMMA bone cement (2g per ml) was injected through the scleral incision. Both the operated eye and control eye of the rabbits were enucleated and weighed,The reaction of the operated eye (macroscopically and histopathologically) was noted at frequent interval. The obtained data were then analyzed with ANOVA (SPSS11.5).· RESULTS: There was swelling of eyelids and conjunctiva at the early time after the injection, but no significant difference between the weight of the left and right eyes was noted,Histopathologic examination showed scleral and other tissues necrosis at early period, and then the tissues reaction turned into a great deal of cell proliferation and finally into extensive fibro-connective tissues. Three months after the operation,neovascularization was observed in the cornea of the operated eyes. Histopathologic examination showed formation of fibro-membrane around the intraocular implant,and disappearance of the inflammation.· CONCLUSION: The method of injecting PMMA bone cement (2g per ml) to form an intraocular implant is quite simple and economical; this method is also easy to use clinically.

Objective: To explore the mechanism of acupuncture in regulating cognitive deficits in insomnia rats by observing the effect of acupuncture on microglia in thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN). Methods: Thirty rats were randomly divided into a control group, a model group and an acupuncture group, with 10 rats in each group. The insomnia model was established by intraperitoneal injection of para-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA) once a day for 2 d. Rats in the control group were intraperitoneally injected with the same amount of normal saline. Rats in the acupuncture group received acupuncture at Neiguan (PC 6) and Zusanli (ST 36) for 5 consecutive days. The CLOCKLAB 2 data acquisition system was used to dynamically observe the sleep of the rats throughout the experiment. The cognition of rats was evaluated by event-related potentials (ERPs). After intervention, brain tissue was extracted. Immunofluorescence was used to test the fluorescence expression in TRN region. The concentrations of interleukin (IL)-1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: After intraperitoneal injection of PCPA suspension, the spontaneous activity in light period of rats in the model group and acupuncture group increased significantly compared with the control group (both P<0.01). After acupuncture treatment, the rats in the acupuncture group had much less spontaneous activity during the light period than those in the model group (P<0.01), and the results indicated that acupuncture could effectively improve the sleep quality of insomnia rats. Compared with the control group, rats in the model group showed that the P3 latency, the average optical density of microglia, and the concentrations of IL-1β and TNF-α increased significantly (all P<0.05), and the P3 amplitude decreased significantly (P<0.01). Compared with the model group, rats in the acupuncture group presented that the P3 latency, the average optical density of microglia, and the concentrations of IL-1β and TNF-α were significantly decreased (all P<0.05), and the amplitude of P3 was significantly increased (P<0.05). Conclusion: Acupuncture possesses an ability to improve the cognitive state in insomnia rats. The mechanism may be related to inhibiting the microglial activation, diminishing the levels of pro-inflammatory mediators like IL-1β and TNF-α, and promoting the recovery of central nervous system function.

0.05);2)After 12,24,36 months' treatment,BP was decreased significantly in each group (P0.05).Conclusion Both combined spirono- lactone/HCTZ and captopril/HCTZ significantly reduced BP and LVMI or LVMI and the maguitude of reduction was further enhanced after prolonged treatment.

OBJECTIVETo establish a set of suitable and reliable methods for HBV genotyping and to study the distribution of HBV genotypes.

METHODSType-specific nucleotides were searched through alignment of S genes (more than 1000 sequences) listed in GenBank. Then, type-specific primers were designed and type-specific primer PCR was used to genotype the 238 HBV strains. S genes of the untyped strains were further amplified and sequenced to find out their genotypes with type-specific nucleotide analysis.

RESULTSAll the 238 HBV strains were genotyped. 159 (66.8%) cases were genotype B, 69 (28.9%) were genotype C, 6 (2.5%) were mixtures of genotypes B and C and 4 (1.6%) were mixtures of genotypes B and D. No genotypes of A, E, F, G, and H were found.

CONCLUSIONGenotypes B and C are the most common types for HBV strains. Mixtures of genotypes B and C or genotypes B and D coinfection rarely existed. There is no relationship between the gender of the patients and HBV genotypes (X2 = 0.794, P more than 0.05).

DNA Primers ; DNA, Viral ; blood ; genetics ; Female ; Genotype ; Hepatitis B virus ; genetics ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; virology ; Humans ; Male ; Nucleotides ; genetics ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; methods ; Sequence Analysis, DNA

AIM AND METHODSThe properties and sensitivity to acetylcholine of PC12 cells differentiated with nerve growth factor (NGF) have been investigated by using whole-cell clamp technique.

RESULTSWhen cultured in the presence of NGF, PC12 cells not only differentiated to resemble sympathetic neurons morphologically, but also developed electrical excitability. NGF-treated PC12 cells were highly sensitive to ACh than untreated cells. The I(Ach) proved to be generated by nAChR by pharmacological identification. Nicotinic receptor was characterized by desensitization. The macroscopic I(ACh) was inward rectified and concentration dependent.

CONCLUSIONPC12 cells are easily cultured and provides a homogenous population of cells. When culture in NGF, they differentiate to sympathetic-like neurons that contain on their surface neuronal nAChR, it can be used as good model system for studying regulation of a sympathetic neuronal nAChR.

Acetylcholine ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Cell Differentiation ; Nerve Growth Factor ; metabolism ; Neurons ; metabolism ; PC12 Cells ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Rats ; Receptors, Nicotinic ; metabolism

Objective To explore the relationship between methionine synthase reductase (MTRR) gene polymorphism and cerebral infarction in young and middle-aged patients. Methods The genotype of MTRR A66G was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction-restrictive fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and the plasma homocysteine (Hcy) level was measured by high performance liquid chromatography in 105 young and middle-aged patients with cerebral infarction and 116 age-matched healthy controls. Results The genotype distribution and allele frequencies of MTRR A 66G gene between the 2 groups had no statistical significance (P＞0.05).Stratified analysis,performed according to whether cerebral infarction was complicated with hypertension,diabetes or coronary heart disease,indicated that the frequencies ofGG genotype and G allele in cerebral infarction patients without complications were obviously higher than those in controls (36.4％ vs.23.3％,62.1％ vs.52.2％),but no statistical significance was noted between them (P＞0.05).No statistical difference was observed between cerebral infarction patients with complications and controls (P＞0.05). The mean plasma Hcy level in patients and controls with GG genotype was significantly higher than that in patients and controls with AA genotype (P＜0.05). Conclusion No association between MTRR A 66G polymorphism and cerebral infarction is noted in young and middle-aged patients, while GG mutant homozygous ofMTRR A66G gene can significantly raise the plasma Hcy level.

The aim of this study was to explore the effects of cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-8) on cardiac function and the receptor mechanism in anesthetized rats. The mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), the left ventricle systolic pressure (LVP) and the maximal/minimum rate of LVP (+/-LV dp/dt(max)) were measured. The results obtained are as follows. (1) Low dose of CCK-8 (0. 4 microgram/kg i.v.) caused tachycardia and slight increase in MAP, LVP and LV dp/dt(max) (P<0.01), while medium dose (4.0 microgram/kg i.v.) and high dose of CCK-8 (40 microgram/kg i.v.) elicited a bradycardia and marked increase in MAP, LVP and LV dp/dtmax (P<0.01). (2) Proglumide (1.0 mg/kg i.v.), a CCK-receptor (CCK-R) antagonist, significantly inhibited the pressor effects of CCK-8, whilst it reversed the bradycardic responses (P<0.01). (3) Using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), CCK-A receptor (CCK-AR) and CCK-B receptor (CCK-BR) mRNA were expressed in myocardium of rats. The above results indicate that CCK-8 may enhance cardiac function in a dose-dependent manner and elicit a change in HR, which is likely induced by the activation of CCK-R on myocardium.
Animals ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Heart Rate ; drug effects ; Male ; Myocardium ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, Cholecystokinin ; drug effects ; Sincalide ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Ventricular Function, Left ; drug effects ; Ventricular Pressure ; drug effects