Animals ; Gallbladder ; physiology ; Rabbits ; Solitary Nucleus ; drug effects ; Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone ; pharmacology ; Vagus Nerve ; drug effects ; physiology

Depending on the meaning and function of the liver in traditional Chinese medicine and modern medicine,this paper explores the important role of liver in the pathogenesis of DM (Diabetes Mellitus,DM).Combined with treatment based on syndrome differentiation and specific case report study,this paper has stressed the importance of treating DM from liver and so to set a sound basis for the systemic treatment based on syndrome differentiation from internal organs for DM.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of early anticoagulation therapy using low-molecular-weight heparin sodium against venous thromboembolism (VTE) in traumatic patients.Methods A total of 120 severely traumatized patients were assigned to convention group (n =60) and anticoagulation group (n =60) according to the random number table.Patients in convention group were given physical therapy against VTE,while in anticoagulation group were given add-on low-molecularweight heparin sodium against VTE once the stopping of blood bleeding was achieved.Safety parameters were recorded including VTE incidence,blood loss indexes,hemorrhage-related complications,incidence of heparin-induced thrombopenia (HIT) and blood coagulation function indicators.Results Thirteen patients presented with VTE,with 10 patients (17％) in convention group versus 3 patients 5％) in anticoagulation group (P ＜ 0.05).Blood loss index in convention group was 1.252 ± 1.033 versus 1.447 ± 1.196 in anticoagulation group;two patients (3％) developed gastrointestinal bleeding in convention group versus five patients (8％) in anticoagulation group;five patients (8％) had wound bleeding in convention group versus eight patients (13％) in anticoagulation group (all P ＞ 0.05).HIT was not noted in anticoagulation group.At the endpoint of evaluation,no significant differences were noted between the two groups with regard to changes in prothrombin time (PT),activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and D-dimers (P ＞ 0.05);however,convention group versus anticoagulation group showed significant differences in international normalized ratio (INR) (0.97 ± 0.10 vs.1.03 ±0.17),fibrin (Fib) [(4.85-± 1.37) g/L vs.(4.01 ± 1.16) g/L] and platelet (PLT) [(317.68 ±141.71) ×109/Lvs.(422.20±178.16) ×109/L] (P＜0.05).Conclusion Inthe earlystage of trauma,low-molecular-weight heparin anticoagulation therapy can significantly reduce the incidence of VTE without increasing the risk of bleeding.

Objective:To observe the clinical efficacy of body acupuncture combined with FANG's scalp acupuncture in treating limb dysfunction in the remission stage of stroke and explore the mechanism. Methods:Sixty patients in the remission stage of stroke with limb dysfunction were divided into a control group and a treatment group using the random number table method,with 30 cases in each group.The control group was treated with ordinary acupuncture based on the conventional rehabilitation treatment,and the treatment group was additionally offered FANG's scalp acupuncture.The interventions were conducted once daily with 10 sessions as 1 course.The Fugl-Meyer assessment(FMA)and Barthel index(BI)scores and serum malondialdehyde(MDA)and superoxide dismutase(SOD)levels were compared after 2 treatment courses,and the clinical efficacy was evaluated. Results:After treatment,the FMA and BI scores increased in both groups(P<0.05)and were higher in the treatment group than in the control group(P<0.05).Both groups showed a decreased MDA level and an increased SOD level after the intervention,all showing statistical significance(P<0.05);there were significant differences between the two groups(P<0.05). Conclusion:Based on the conventional rehabilitation treatment,ordinary acupuncture used alone or in combination with FANG's scalp acupuncture can lower the oxidative stress level and improve limb function in treating limb dysfunction in the remission stage of stroke;body acupuncture plus FANG's scalp acupuncture can produce better results.

Background To suppress vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a researching hot topic for the treatment and prevention of retinal neovascularization.Some detectable efficacy of VEGF small interference RNA (VEGF siRNA) in anti-tumor neovascularization has been well-known.But relevant study on VEGF siRNA on retinal neovascularization is seldom.Objective Present study was to investigate the inhibiting effect of VEGF siRNA on retinal neovascularization.Methods The 48 clean C57BL/6J mice aged 7-day-old were randomly divided into normoxia group,hypoxia control group,vector group and VEGF siRNA group and 12 mice for each.Hypoxia models were established by raising the pups with mother mice in the airtight oxygen-cabin for 5 days.The lipofectamineTM 2000 (LF2000)-mediated vector plasmids or VEGF siRNA recombinant plasmids were then injected intravitreally in 12 12-day-old pup mice respectively.The animals were sacrificed in 1 week after intravitreal injection,and the numbers of vascular endothelial cell nuclei extending beyond the internal limiting membrane (ILM) were counted by hematoxylin-eosin stain.The expressions of VEGF protein and mRNA in retina were assayed by immunoinfluorescence technique and RT-PCR.Results The numbers of vascular endothelial cell nuclei extending beyond the ILM were 0.19±0.09,24.89±2.03,23.65±2.15 and 8.83±1.12 in normoxia group,model control group,vector group and VEGF siRNA group separately,showing significant decrease in VEGF siRNA group compared with model control group or vector group (q=5.67,q=4.97,P＜0.01).RT-PCR revealed that VEGF mRNA was faintly expressed in mouse retina in normoxia group.However,in model control group and vector group,the level of VEGF mRNA was 52.3 times and 36.7 times more than that of normoxia group respectively and only 3.5 times in VEGF siRNA group,presenting a inhibitory rate of 43.39% of VEGF siRNA on VEGF.Immunofluorescence showed that the expression of VEGF was weaker in normoxia group and strong positive response in model control group and vector group,but the expression intensity of VEGF protein was significantly weaker in VEGF siRNA group.Conclusion VEGF siRNA recombinant plasmids can efficiently inhibit retinal neovascularization in oxygen-induced retinopathy mouse model through intravitreal injection.

Objective Ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS)is preferable in treatment for normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH). In this study, the factors related to the motor recovery after VPS were analysed.Method Twenty-six patients were treated with VPS, and four factors, that are duration of symptoms, open lumbar puncture(LP) pressure, improvement after LP ,and motor recovery of twelve months after operation,were assessed. Results Twelve months after VPS, the better motor recovery after VPS was related to shorter duration of symptoms, higher open LP pressure, and symptom improvement after LP. Conclusion The patients with shorter duration of symptoms, higher open LP pressure, and symptom improvement after LP are often responsive to VPS.

Objective To explore the effect of long-term depleted uranium (DU)ingestion on testosterone production in rats, and its involvement mechanism. Methods Male and female rats (F0 and F1 respectively) for 160 days, respectively. The contents of testosterone (T), luteinizing hormone (LH), and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) in serum were detected in 20 months of F0 generations, and 15 months of F1 generations. RT-PCR was used to analyze the levels of StAR mRNA and P450scc mRNA. Results Compared with the normal control group, the testosterone contents in exposed F0 and F1 generations increased, the lowest was 51.73 U/L, but those of LH and FSH decreased. The expression of StAR mRNA in the low-doze group of F1 generation (StAR/β-actin = 1.35) was up-regulated, down-regulated for other groups.compared with the normal control group (P450scc/β-actin = 0. 313), the expression of P450scc mRNA in the low- and high-dose groups of F0 generation were decreased (P450scc/β-actin = 0.21), and those in the low- and high-dose groups of F1generation were increased (P450scc/β-actin = 0.623) (P ≤ 0.01). Conclusion Long-term DU exposure inhibit the male reproduction by intervening the sexual hormone production through down-regulated the expression of StAR mRNA and P450scc roRNA.

AIM: To explore if all trans retinoic acid (atRA) retards glomerulosclerosis of rats with 5/6 nephrectomy. METHODS: Wistar male rats were operated by subtotal nephrectomy and were randomly divided into A1 (5 mg?kg~(-1)?d~(-1) atRA), A2 (10 mg?kg~(-1)?d~(-1) atRA), A3 (20 mg?kg~(-1)?d~(-1) atRA) and NX (vehicle) groups. Each group included 8 rats. 8 health rats were assigned as sham-operation group (sham group). Animals were sacrificed 10 weeks after treatment. The concentrations of plasma atRA were measured by reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). Glomerulosclerosis was evaluated by glomerulosclerosis index system. The expression of transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF?1) was measured by renal immunohistochemical staining and Western blotting. RESULTS: The concentrations of atRA in atRA groups were much higher than that in NX and sham groups. Compared to NX, the remnant kidney sclerosis was ameliorated significantly in A1, A2 and A3 groups. The expressions of TGF?1 decreased parallelized to the levels of glomerulosclerosis. CONCLUSION: atRA has a beneficial effect on retarding the progression of renal fibrosis in the 5/6 nephrectomic rats, possibly through downregulating the glomerular TGF?1 expression.

As a depot drug delivery system, injectable polylactide-polyglycolide (PLGA) sustained-release microspheres have been successfully used to treat many diseases since the first microsphere product Lupron depot was approved for marketing in the United States in 1989. It has the ability of long-term release in the body for several days to several months, which can not only reduce the times of administration, but also reduce the drug blood concentration fluctuations, significantly improve the safety and patient compliance. In vitro-in vivo correlation (IVIVC) makes the development of microspheres more possible. It can describe the dynamic information of drug release in vivo through the in vitro release behavior of microspheres, and can reduce the workload of each stage and shorten the time span while characterizing the performance of microspheres. IVIVC can provide guidance or support for drug development, production changes, supervision and management. This article summarizes the release mechanism of injectable PLGA sustained-release microspheres, common measurement methods and theories of in vitro and in vivo release. And we also focus on the establishment and application of IVIVC, especially A level IVIVC in the field of microsphere preparations, to provide a reference for further study on in vitro-in vivo correlation of microspheres.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the treatment efficiency of a new photodynamic therapeutic(PDT) drug synthesized by our laboratory toward MGC803 cells and related mechanisms.

METHODSBleaching method was used to evaluate the photostability of drug upon repetitive illumination. MTT assay was used to determine the ability of new drug killing MGC803 cells after PDT. Laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM) was applied to investigate the subcellular localization of drug in MGC803 cells (mitochondria and/or lysosomes). Hoechst staining and flow cytometry(Annexin V/PI double-staining) were performed to detect the death mode of MGC803 cells after PDT.

RESULTSThis new PDT drug had good stability to light irradiation after repetitive illumination. MTT assay showed no cytotoxicity towards MGC803 cells only by drug or only by irradiation(P>0.05), but intense lethal effect was observed with drug and light combination(P<0.05). The phototoxicity of medicine increased with the elevation of concentration, the LD50 was 1.74 μmol/L, and reaching plateau at the concentration of 3.12 μmol/L, even increasing the concentration. LSCM found that drug localized in lysosomes of MGC803 cells. Hoechst staining showed that the death mode of cells was mainly necrosis and Annexin V/PI double-staining proved this result further.

CONCLUSIONThis new PDT drug is an effective PDT sensitizer for MGC803 cells and the death mode of cells is mainly necrosis.