Objective To evaluate the occurrence rate and agents of the bacterial contamination of bandage contact lenses after photorefractive keratectomy(PRK) .Methods In a prospective study ,50 patients (100 eyes) underwent PRK .Conjunctival sac se‐creta were placed onto chocolate agar before PRK .All patients accepted bandage contact lenses and anti‐inflammatory drug therapy . Contact lenses and conjunctival sac secreta were placed onto chocolate agar after PRK .Corrected visual acuity ,intraocular pressure and corneal thickness were compared in the 2 groups .Results Among 100 pieces of cornea contact lens ,3 pieces (3% ) were tested positive for bacteria detection and bacteria were staphylococcus epidermis .All conjunctival sac secreta of preoperative and postoper‐ative were not detected bacteria ,postoperative eye infection was not found .Between the positive and negative groups ,tear secretion , may be related to cultivate positive correlation .Conclusion Bacterial contamination is possible when using bandage contact lenses after PRK ,specially for patients with less tear secretion .

The present study was designed to test whether Rho-kinase (ROCK) specific inhibitor fasudil (HA-1077) could contribute to migration and vasculogenesis of endothelial cells differentiated from rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs) in vitro. rBMSCs were separated by gradient centrifugation on lymphocytes separation medium from bone marrow of Sprague-Dawley rats, and were cultured, purified and expanded in vitro. Cells of passage 2 to 3 were induced to differentiate into endothelial lineage cells by HG-DMEM plus EGM-2. These cells were identified as endothelial cells with positive factor VIII and Ulex europaeus agglutinin-1 expressions and DiI-Ac-LDL uptake. HA-1077 and VEGF synergistically promoted cell migration, especially in response to transwell chamber assay. When the cells were cultured on ECMatrix™, they showed cellular protrusions and/or cords of aligned cells resembling primitive capillary-like structures at 8 to 12 h of incubation. HA-1077 promoted cell migration and formation of capillary-like tubes. The length of the total capillary tubes was longer than that in the control group (P<0.05). When the cells were exposed to a combination of VEGF and HA-1077, the number of the capillary-like networks and the stability of tube increased. The results obtained suggest that HA-1077 can promote migration and vasculogenesis of endothelial cells differentiated from rBMSCs in vitro.
1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-Methylpiperazine ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Bone Marrow Cells ; cytology ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Movement ; drug effects ; Endothelial Cells ; cytology ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; cytology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; rho-Associated Kinases ; antagonists & inhibitors

Analogous formulae (AF) refer to a set of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formulae sharing similar herbs and/or indications. Dissecting functional chemome of analogous formulae could enhance the understanding of the intrinsic nature of TCM. In this study, taking 5 Xiaoqinglong decoction analogous formulae (XQL AF) including Xiaoqinglong decoction, Mahuang Xingren Shigao Gancao decoction, Mahuang Fuzi decoction, Houpu Mahuang decoction and Daqinglong decoction as example, we systematically investigated the relationship between compounds and indications using network formulaology approach. The functional chemome of XQL AF were revealed by network analysis and molecular docking. This successful application in XQL AF suggests network formulaology could be a useful tool for AF-related research and therefore provide a new way to discover the scientific foundation of Zhang Zhongjing's herbal formulae.
Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Molecular Docking Simulation

Toxicogenomics (TGx) refers to a set of technologies that assess genome-wide responses after toxic agent exposure. Altered gene expression patterns that are caused by specific exposures reveal how toxicants may disrupt cellular processes and lead to side effects. Development and application of " omics" technology facilitate the toxicogenomic research which sharing and interpretation of the enormous amount of biological information generated in toxicologic field. In recent years TGx has been widely valued and successfully applied as an effective research tool to evaluate the toxic effects of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Here we reviewed current progress in the field of TGx and focused on its application in traditional Chinese medicine safety evaluation, especially in revealing the mechanism, finding potential toxic biomarkers and studying compatibility detoxification of TCM.
Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; adverse effects ; Safety ; Toxicogenetics

This study investigated the mental health status of medical students in China, and analyzed the influencing factors in order to provide evidence for mental health education for medical students. A stratified cluster sampling method was used to recruit medical students from Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China. The questionnaire survey on general information and Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90) were used for investigation and analysis. The results showed among the 1137 valid questionnaires, 278 (24.45%) participants had SCL-90 score ≥ 160. The top three mental problems of medical students were obsessive-compulsive disorder, interpersonal sensitivity and depression in terms of the factor score ≥ 2.5 and the number of participants who reflected on the diseases. The third-year medical students had the worst mental health status, and fifth-year medical students had the best mental health status. Students from rural area had more psychological problems than those from urban area; furthermore, students with high professional satisfaction, those who were the single child of the family, non-poor students, and those whose parents had high education level had better mental health status. It was concluded that the mental health of medical students is not optimistic in China. Medical students have some mental health problems of different degrees. Factors that influence the mental health of medical students include academic pressure, professional satisfaction level and family environment.

AIMTo establish a solid phase extraction-high performance liquid chromatographic (SPE-HPLC) method for determining plasma scutellarin concentration, and study its pharmacokinetics after i.v. breviscapine in rabbits.

METHODSMethanol-water-phosphoric acid (50:50:0.5) mixture was used as mobile phase, Nucleosil C18 column (250 mm x 4.6 mm ID) was selected. The wavelength of UV detection was 335 nm. Fifteen rabbits, randomized into 3 groups, were given breviscapine i.v. at the dose of 10, 20 and 40 mg.kg-1. Scutellarin in plasma was determined by SPE-HPLC method.

RESULTSLinearity was obtained over the range of 0.02-10.0 mg.L-1 of scutellarin. The method recovery was 96.15%-99.31%; the within-day and between-day RSDs were all below 10%. After i.v. 10, 20 and 40 mg.kg-1 of breviscapine to rabbits, the concentration-time curve of scutellarin fitted to a three compartment model. The main pharmacokinetic parameters showed no significant difference between low and medium doses, but the difference was significant between high dose and other doses.

CONCLUSIONThis assay method was accurate, sensitive, simple and suitable for the measurement of plasma scutellarin concentration. The pharmacokinetic characteristics were found to fit a three-compartment model following i.v. injection of breviscapine to rabbits. The changes of drug concentration in vivo exhibited linear kinetics ove the dosage range of 10-20 mg.kg-1, but when the dosage was 40 mg.kg-1, the linear kinetic properties disappeared.

Animals ; Apigenin ; Area Under Curve ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Flavonoids ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Male ; Rabbits

This study was aimed at the transport across blood-brain barrier (BBB) of polysorbate-80 modified neurotoxin loaded polybutylcyanoacrylate nanoparticle (P-80-NT-NP) and its cytotoxicity. An in vitro model of BBB using rat brain microvascular endothelial cells (rBMECs) was established. The cytotoxicity of P-80-NT-NP was measured by the MTT assays, where neurotoxin (NT), nanoparticle (NP), neurotoxin nanoparticle (NT-NP) as control, and the permeability of P-80-NT-NP was determined by using of Millicell insert coculture with rBMECs and fluorescence spectrophotometry. MTT results showed that NT, NP, NT-NP and P-80-NT-NP were avirulent to rBMECs when the concentration of NT was lower than 200 ng x mL(-1). But the cytotoxicity of NP, NT-NP and P-80-NT-NP would be augmented accordingly as concentration increased (P < 0.01), causing obvious reductions of cell survival rate, with no significant difference between them (P > 0.05). When the concentration of NT was 150 ng x mL(-1), the permeability on rBMECs of P-80-NT-NP and NT-NP were both significantly higher than that of NT (P < 0.01), and the permeability of P-80-NT-NP was greater than that of NT-NP (P < 0.05). In conclusion, polysorbate-80 modified neurotoxin nanoparticles can transport across the BBB, while concentration of NT is greater than 200 ng x mL(-1), P-80-NT-NP has a little cytotoxicity against rBMECs.
Animals ; Biological Transport ; Blood-Brain Barrier ; Brain ; blood supply ; Capillary Permeability ; Cell Survival ; drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Drug Carriers ; Electric Impedance ; Enbucrilate ; chemistry ; toxicity ; Endothelial Cells ; cytology ; metabolism ; Female ; Male ; Nanoparticles ; Neurotoxins ; administration & dosage ; pharmacokinetics ; Particle Size ; Polysorbates ; chemistry ; toxicity ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

OBJECTIVETo observe the therapeutic effect of acupuncture on gastrointestinal dysmotility in liver cirrhosis.

METHODSForty cases of gastrointestinal dysmotility in liver cirrhosis were randomized into an acupuncture group and a motilium group, 20 cases in each one. In the acupuncture group, on the basis of the conventional treatment, electroacupuncture was applied at Zusanli (ST 36), Sanyinjiao (SP 6) and Taichong (LR 3) for 30 min, once a day. In the motilium group, on the basis of the conventional treatment, motilium was taken orally 30 min before meals, 10 mg each time, three times a day. The treatment was required for 2 weeks in both groups. The changes in the digestive tract symptom score and liver function Child-Pugh score were observed and the efficacy was assessed.

RESULTSThe total effective rate of digestive tract symptoms was 85.0% (17/20) in the acupuncture group and 70.0% (14/20) in the motilium group. The score improvements in abdominal distention, belching and vomiting in the acupuncture group were superior to those in the motilium group (all P < 0.05). In the acupuncture group, the liver function Child-Pugh total score was 8.40 +/- 0.22 before treatment and reduced to 5.36 +/- 0.17 after treatment, in which the scores for ascites, serum bilirubin and albumin were all reduced (all P < 0.05) and the reducing range was increased in tendency with the improvements in digestive tract symptoms. In the motilium group, Child-Pugh score was not changed obviously as compared with that before treatment. CONCLUSION Acupuncture effectively alleviates digestive tract symptoms and improves liver function for the patients of liver cirrhosis, its efficacy on gastrointestinal dysmotility in liver cirrhosis is superior to motilium.

Acupuncture Therapy ; Adult ; Aged ; Domperidone ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Gastrointestinal Motility ; drug effects ; Humans ; Liver Cirrhosis ; drug therapy ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

AIMTo investigate the effects of hypoxia on the proliferation of mouse embryonic stem cells (mouse ES cells) in vitro.

METHODSWe observed the proliferation of ES cells by hematometery and BrdU-labeled flow cytometry (FCM), and we also detected the expression of hypoxia inducible factor-1a (HIF-1a) by RT-PCR.

RESULTS(1) The number of ES cells after culturing in the hypoxia environment (3% O2 and 10% O2) for 24 hours were lesser than those in normoxia (20% O2). (2) The number of ES cells significantly increased after intermittent hypoxia (3% O2) stimulus for 10 minutes per day for 4 days. (3) We also observed the relation between the expression of HIF-1a and the proliferation of ES cells by RT-PCR. The results showed that the expression of HIF-1a had no significant change after ES cells were culturing in hypoxia environment (3% O2 and 10% O2) for 24 hours or in intermittent hypoxia (3% O2 and 10% O2) for 4 days.

CONCLUSIONThese results suggest that intermittent hypoxia (3% O2) can significantly promote the proliferation of ES cells in vitro, while persistent hypoxia inhibits those, and the mechanism of these should be addressed in further.

Animals ; Cell Hypoxia ; Cell Proliferation ; Cells, Cultured ; Embryonic Stem Cells ; cytology ; Mice

This paper presents a novel monitor which uses ARM controller AT91SAM7S64 as its main processor, LCM (Liquid Crystal Display Module) for displaying ECG waves, SD (Secure Digital memory) card for data storage and RF module PTR8000 for radio data transmission. This portable monitor boasts alarm function for abnormality and can provide dynamic ECG monitoring for patients.
Computer Communication Networks ; Electrocardiography ; instrumentation ; Humans ; Monitoring, Physiologic ; instrumentation ; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted ; instrumentation ; Telemetry ; instrumentation ; methods