Objective To investigate effect of alendronate on OPG and RANKL in periprosthetic osdeolysis induced by polyethylene particles.Methods Twelve rabbits which had been implanted a titanium plug in femur by intercondylar notch were divided into two groups randomly,polyethylene particles were injected into the left knee joint,one received alendronate,and the other placebo as control.After 12 weeks,all rabbits were sacrificed.Periprosthetic tissues were observed by ELISA.Results The concentration of OPG in the experimental group was not higher than that of the control (P ＞0.05 ).But the concentration of RANKL in the experimental group was lower(P ＜0.01 ).And specific value of OPG/RANKL was higher in the experimental group ( P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusion The therapy of alendronate can change the concentration of RANKL and specific value of OPG/RANKL in periprosthetic osdeolysis induced by polyethylene particles,inhibit aseptic loosening of prosthesis in rabbits.

Objective To evaluate the value of the physiological and operative severity score for the enumeration of mortality and morbidity (POSSUM) and P-POSSUM in predicting the risks of orthopedic surgeries for senile patients with femoral neck fracture.Methods A total of 108 patients with femoral neck fractures who underwent hip joint replacement were retrospectively studied using POSSUM and P-POSSUM scoring system to predict their mortality and complication rate.The difference between predictive value and observed value was analyzed by chi-square test.Meanwhile,the patients were divided into two groups based on their POSSUM scores.The differences between two groups were analyzed.Results According to POSSUM scores,47 patients were predicted to have complications(the mean rate was 43.52％),but only 37 did actually (the rate was 34.26％).There was no significant difference between predicted values and observed values (P =0.238).The predicted death toll was 11 cases (the mean rate was 10.19％),but actually only 2 patients died (the rate was 1.85％).Predicted value was higher than observed value.In terms of complications,death toll agreed well with the predicted values calculated by P-POSSUM (predicted death of 4 cases' the mean mortality being 3.70％ ; actual death of 2 cases' the mortality was 1.85％) without significant difference (P =0.625).We divided the patients into two groups with the POSSUM scores 40,and there was no significant difference between predicted values and observed values (P =0.527,P =0.285).Conclusions POSSUM has better predictive ability of morbidity,but overestimates mortality.P-POSSUM more accurately predicts mortality than POSSUM.The predicted results of POSSUM and P-POSSUM scoring systems are satisfactory in the high risk group.

ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical effect and treatment experience of complicated acetabular fractures treated with open reduction with combined ilio-inguinal and Kocher-Langenbeck (K-L) approaches.MethodsSixty-six patients with complicated acetabular fractures were treated surgically with combined ilio-inguinal and K-L approaches from February 2004 to December 2009.Among them,45 cases were followed up for 8-45 months,with the average 26 months.ResultsOperation time was 1.4-5.7 h,with the average of 2.8 h.Intraoperative blood loss was 530-2300 ml,with the average of 1250 ml.According to Matta's score system,the excellent and good rate was 86.7％.According to modified Merle d' Aubigne and Postel score system,the excellent and good rate of function of hip was 86.7％.According to Brooker heterotopic ossification standard assessment system:Ⅰ degrees in 6,Ⅱ degrees in 3.According to Letournel and Judet clinical classification system,postoperative traumatic arthritis were 6 patients.Among them,3 patients with Ⅲ- Ⅴ period with symptoms of serious hip pain and joint activities obstacles were treated with total hip replacement secondly.Six cases of sciatic nerve injury and 9 cases of lateral femoral cutaneous nerve damage were recovered gradually after six months to a year.All incisions healed primarily.All got bony union,the healing time was 8 to 16 weeks,with the average of 10.4 weeks.None was complicated with femoral head necrosis.ConclusionFor the patients with complicated acetabular fractures,open reduction with combined ilio-inguinal and K-L approaches can get clinical advantages of revealed fully,fracture restoration convenient,fixed tightly,fewer complications and satisfactory result.

Objective To explo the antioxidant effect and molecular mechanism of gastrodin (Gas) in epilepsy (EP) rats induced by LiCl-pilocarpine (PILO) . Methods Eighty male SD rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: sham group, EP group, therapy groups (pretreated with 60 mg/kg, 90 mg/kg, 120 mg/kg of gastrodin respectively) . The EP model was esteblished by peritoneal injection of LiCl-PILO. Therapy groups were pretreated with various concerntration of Gas. The control group was given the same dosage of normal saline. The alteration of behavior was observed, the concentration of catalase (CAT), glutathion (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathion reductase (GR), total antioxidtion (T-AOC) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in rats brain cortex were detected by chemical colorimetric method, phosphorylation of p38 was determined by western blot. Results There was no EP seizure in sham group,and the EP seizure degree in therapy groups (gas pretreated groups) was significantly decreased,and had statistically significant difference with EP group (P<0.05) . The EP model rats exhibited a significant decrease in the concentration of endogenous antioxidants (CAT, GSH, SOD, GR and T-AOC), while an increase of the concentration of MDA and phosphorylation p38 protein as compared to sham group (P<0.05) . After treatment of the Gas,treatment group rats attenuated the seizure degree,exhibited a significant increase of the concentration of endogenous antioxidants (P<0.05),while a decrease in concentration of MDA and phosphorylation of p38 as compared to model group (P<0.05) . Conclusion Gas may have a neuroprotective role in central nervous system of epileptic rats modle by down-regulateing the seizure degree and the activity of p38 kinase and up-regulateing the content of endogenous antioxidants.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the residual paralysis after a single intubating dose of rocuronium and its effect of residual paralysis after a single dose of rocuronium on the postoperative pulmonary function of patients undergoing laparoscopic gynecological surgeries.

METHODSSixty American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) I - II patients undergoing laparoscopic gynecological surgeries were randomly divided into rocuronium (R) group (n = 30) and rocuronium + neostigmine (R + N) group (n = 30).All patients received midazolam (0.02 mg/kg), fentanyl (1 microg/kg), propofol(1.5-2 mg/kg), and rocuronium (0.6 mg/kg) to facilitate tracheal intubation and no more relaxant thereafter. Anesthesia was maintained with isoflurane and nitrous oxide in oxygen (N(2)O:O(2) = 1:1). At the end of the procedure, neuromuscular blockade was not reversed in R group, while antagonism was accomplished with neostigmine (0.04 mg/kg) and atropine (0.02 mg/kg) in R + N group. Immediately after tracheal extubation and on arrival in the PACU, the train-of-four (TOF) ratio at the adductor pollicis of all patients were measured using acceleromyography. Forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV(1)), and peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) of all patients were measured using spirometry before surgery, after administration of midazolam and fentanyl, immediately after tracheal extubation, on arrival in the PACU, and after the TOF ratio recovered to 1.0. The TOF ratio and pulmonary function between two groups were compared.

RESULTSImmediately after tracheal extubation and on arrival in the PACU, the mean TOF ratio in R group was significantly lower than that in R + N group (P < 0.05). The mean time to achieve TOF ratio of 0.9 and 1.0 in R group was significantly longer than in R + N group (P < 0.05). Immediately after tracheal extubation and on arrival in the PACU, FVC, FEV(1), and PEFR were significantly lower in R group than in R + N group (P < 0.05). FVC, FEV(1), and PEFR after administration of midazolam and fentanyl and after TOF ratio recovered to 1.0 were significantly lower than the baseline values in all patients (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSAfter a single intubating dose of rocuronium, residual paralysis exists in the majority of patients undergoing laparoscopic gynecological surgeries. The pulmonary function is impaired after the surgery, even after recovery of TOF ratio to 1.0.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Airway Extubation ; Androstanols ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; Female ; Gynecologic Surgical Procedures ; Humans ; Intubation, Intratracheal ; Laparoscopy ; Middle Aged ; Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; Paralysis ; chemically induced ; Postoperative Period ; Respiratory Function Tests ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo summarize and compare the short-term and long-term clinical efficacy of percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) and percutaneous transhepatic biliary stent (PTBS) in the treatment of malignant obstructive jaundice.

METHODS210 cases of malignant obstructive jaundice underwent interventional therapy, of which 161 cases of drainage catheters placement and 49 cases of metallic stent implantation. Follow-up information was obtained through telephone review or check-up records.

RESULTSThe technical success rate of technique was 100%. At 3 - 5 days after treatment, the serum total bilirubin in 15 metallic stent-treated patients was decreased by (178.04 +/- 42.32) micromol/L, and direct bilirubin by (83.97 +/- 23.63) micromol/L. Compared with those of 28 cases treated with drainage catheters: (95.67 +/- 34.28) micromol/L and (49.84 +/- 28.21) micromol/L, there were statistically significant differences between the two groups (P = 0.017 and P = 0.035). At 6 - 9 days after treatment, the serum total bilirubin in 28 cases of metallic stent group was decreased by (188.22 +/- 79.90) micromol/L, and that in 126 cases of drainage catheter group decreased by (141.39 +/- 65.32) micromol/L. The difference was statistically significant (P = 0.014). But the decline value of direct bilirubin had no significant difference. The median patency period and the median survival time of the drainage catheter group were 60 and 148 days, respectively, those of metallic stent group were 197 days and 245 days. There were statistically significant differences between the two groups (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe results of this study indicate that the short-term and long-term efficacies of metallic stent implantation are better than those of catheter drainage technique.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Bile Duct Neoplasms ; complications ; Bilirubin ; blood ; Drainage ; instrumentation ; methods ; Female ; Gallbladder Neoplasms ; complications ; Humans ; Jaundice, Obstructive ; blood ; etiology ; therapy ; Liver Neoplasms ; complications ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pancreatic Neoplasms ; complications ; Stents ; Survival Rate

OBJECTIVETo study the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in esophageal carcinoma and its correlation with microlymphatic density (MLD), and to investigate the clinicopathological and prognostic significance of COX-2 and MLD in patients with esophageal cancer.

METHODSCOX-2 expression and MLD were detected by immunohistochemistry in 100 cases of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Follow up was available in 76 patients. Multivariable Cox regression was used to analyze the association between the laboratory indices and overall survival of patients with esophageal carcinoma.

RESULTSCOX-2 expression was present in 73% of patients. MLD in patients with high COX-2 expression (99.71±39.62) was significantly higher than that in those with low or no COX-2 expression (80.22±30.36) (P<0.05). No correlations were observed between the over expression of COX-2 and clinicopathologic parameters including tumor size and lymphatic metastasis (P<0.05). However, MLD was associated with lymphatic metastasis and the depth of invasion (P<0.05, P<0.01). In the 76 patients with followed up, the median survival was 25.5 months. Cox regression showed that the COX-2 expression, histological grade of the tumor and MLD were risk factors of overall survival of esophageal carcinoma.

CONCLUSIONSCOX-2 may contribute to the lymphangiogenesis in the tumor. COX-2 may be a new target point for the treatment of esophageal carcinoma. COX-2 expression and microlymphatic vessel density are of significant prognostic value for esophageal carcinoma.

Adult ; Aged ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; metabolism ; pathology ; Cyclooxygenase 2 ; metabolism ; Esophageal Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Lymphangiogenesis ; Lymphatic Vessels ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Staging ; Prognosis

BACKGROUNDPrevious neuroimaging studies primarily focused on the spatial distribution of acupuncture needling stimulation. However, a salient feature of acupuncture was its long-lasting effect. This study attempted to detect the spatial-temporal neural responses evoked by acupuncture at an analgesia acupoint ST36 by using magnetoencephalography. To further verify its functional specificity, we also adopted acupuncture at Pericardium 6 and nonacupoint as separated controls.

METHODSForty-two college students, all right-handed and acupuncture naïve, participated in this study. Every participant received only one acupoint stimulation, resulting in 14 subjects in one group. Both magnetoencephalography data (151-channel whole-head system) and structural functional magnetic resonance imaging data (3D sequence with a voxel size of 1 mm(3) for anatomical localization) were collected for each subject. All processing procedures were performed in BrainStorm Toolbox.

RESULTSAcupuncture at ST36 showed a significantly time-varied brain activities with different onset time. Our results presented that acupuncture at different acupoints (or comparing with nonacupoint) can specifically induce neural responses in different brain areas-acupuncture at ST36 can specifically induce the neural responses of pain-inhibition areas, while acupuncture at PC6 can specifically induce the activities of the insula and amygdala.

CONCLUSIONSIn the present study, we attempted to detect the temporal neural responses underlying the functional specificity of acupuncture at ST36, using acupoint belonging to different meridians and non-acupoint with efficacy-irreverent as separate controls. The specific neural substrates involving acupuncture at different acupoints may be related to its functional specificity in clinical settings.

Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Magnetoencephalography ; methods ; Male ; Pain ; physiopathology ; psychology ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo establish and compare the pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), multiple-locus variable number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) and automated ribotyping for subtyping of Citrobacter strains.

METHODSPFGE protocol was optimized in terms of plug preparation procedure, restriction enzymes and configuration of electrophoretic parameters. MLVA method was evaluated by finding variable number tandem repeats in two genomes of Citrobacter strains. The ribotyping was performed by using the automated RiboPrinter system.

RESULTSWe optimized the plug preparation procedure, focused on the cell suspension concentration (turbidity of 2.5 to 3.5), SDS addition (no SDS needed) and lysis time (1 h), and selected the appropriate restriction enzyme (XbaI) and the electrophoretic parameters (1.0 s-20.0 s for 19 h) of PFGE. There was nearly no discriminatory power of MLVA between Citrobacter strains. For 51 Citrobacter strains, automated ribotyping gave a D-value of 0.9945, while PFGE gave a D-value of 0.9969. Both PFGE and automated ribotyping clustered strains from the same sources (with the same species from the same place at the same time identified as the same source) and divided strains from different sources (from different years, places and hosts) into different subtypes.

CONCLUSIONPFGE protocol established in this paper and automated ribotyping are suitable for application in Citrobacter subtyping.

Automation ; Citrobacter ; classification ; genetics ; Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field ; methods ; Minisatellite Repeats ; genetics ; Multilocus Sequence Typing ; methods ; Phylogeny ; Ribotyping ; methods

Objective To establish a method to isolate single sinoatrial node cells of adult rats and observe the cells'morphological structure and the expression of sodium channel subtype so as to provide experimental basis for further research on the role of sodium channel in sinoatrial node function.Methods We isolated adult rat sinoatrial node tissue and cut it into slices about 2 mm in width,digested the slices with type Ⅱ collagenase combinate protease, and observed the cells' morphological structure. We then performed immunofluorescence staining with HCN4 and laser confocal imaging to identify cells and observe the expressions of Nav1 .1 ,Nav1 .2 , Nav1.3,Nav1.5,Nav1.6,Nav1.7,Nav1.8 and Nav1.9.Results The isolated cells had spindle-like,arc-like, and slender and curved shapes,but were mainly spindle-shaped.The stripes of the cells were clear,had good bioactivity and could survive 6-8 hours.Sodium channels Nav1.1,Nav1.5,Nav1.6,Nav1.7,Nav1.8,and Nav1.9 were positively expressed in adult rat sinoatrial node cells,while Nav1 .2 and Nav1 .3 were negatively expressed. Conclusion The method of digesting and isolating adult rat sinoatrial node cells with type Ⅱ collagenase combinate protease is reliable,and sodium channel subtypes are differently expressed in sinoatrial node cells.