Immunotherapy has become an important therapy for solid tumors,which is in addition to surgery,radiotherapy,chemotherapy and targeted therapy.However immune treatment mechanism is different from those previous treatment.The effect of immunotherapies is on the immune system and not directly on the tumor.The kinetics of immunotherapy is characterized by a cellular immune response followed by potential changes in tumor burden and survival period.They are not captured by the traditional World Health Organiza-tion (WHO)or the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST).New immune-related response criteria are defined which more comprehensively capture all response patters and gradually applied in clinical practice.

Immune checkpoint blockade is a hot spot in treatment of cancers recently,and their effi-cacy in digestive cancer cannot been ignored.Nivolumab is superior to sorafenib in the terms of prolonging survival period for the patients with advanced live cancer.The effective rate of Pembrolizumab for advanced PD-L1 positive expression esophageal cancer can reach 30%.Nevertheless,Ipilumumab shows no significant efficacy in advanced pancreatic carcinoma.More researches are on the way,such as Avelumab in advanced gastric cancer,and Pembrolizumab in advanced esophageal squamous carcinoma.

Objective To investigate the usefulness of 3 T MRI 3D-FIESTA in the evaluation of the intraparotid components of the facial nerve and parotid duct, and compare them with surgical findings. Methods Twenty-two cases with parotid benign tumors were scanned with conventional and 3D-FIESTA sequences on 3 T MRI scanner. Postprocessed multiplanar images were obtained with the workstation. Parotid ducts and facial nerves and tumors were identified on these images. The relationship of the tumors to the facial nerves and Parotid ducts was confirmed at surgery. Results Various types of parotid benign tumors had their characteristics on 3 T MR imaging. Parotid benign tumors mainly showed hypo-intensity on T_1WI in 21 cases, and hyper-intensity on T_2WI in 22 cases. But on 3D-FIESTA images, they appeared hypo-intensity (10 cases) or high intensity (12 cases) due to different types. Facial nerves in parotid appeared as linear structures with hypo-inteusity. The indication of the main trunks were 16 and 18 cases for T_1WI and T_2WI images, while on 3D-FIESTA images, the main trunks and cervicofacial and temporofacial divisions of the facial nerves were found in 22, 21,22 cases. Parotid ducts appeared as structures with hypo-intensity on T_1WI and hyper-intensity on multiplanar images (14, 20, 22 cases). Compared with surgical results, the main trunks of the facial nerve were correctly showed by 3D-FIESTA images in 20 cases. However, in 2 cases they were not located in the operation because of shifting. Conclusion 3 T MR 3D-FIESTA imaging could depict the extracranial facial nerve and the parotid duct in the parotid gland, which is useful for preoperative evaluation of parotid gland tumors.

Objective To investigate the circadian and seasonal distribution of cardiovascular events (CVE) and the relationship between average monthly temperature and the incidence of CVE. Methods A total of 5837 emergency patients with CVE were enrolled from 1997 to 2007. The exact admission time of each patient was registered. The average monthly temperature data from a regional weather station for this time period was supplied by the meteorological office of the city. The relationship between the average monthly temperature and the incidence of CVE was explored and the corresponding curves were plotted. Results The occurrence of CVE has obvious seasonal variation, and its a higher tendency of episodes was found in spring and winter periods. High incidence of acute myocardial infarction, angina pectoris, acute left-sided heart failure, hypertensive crisis, and sudden death occurred in spring and winter as wee as the time for a change of season, that is, January, February, March, April, October, November, and December. There was a significant negative correlation between the incidence and the average monthly temperature (P<0.005-0.001). Circadian rhythm of CVE was present, with a peak in the early morning and forenoon. Conclusion There are circadian and circannian rhythms of the incidence of CVE. Cold weather condition is a risk factor for the occurrence of CVE, which usually peaks in the early morning and forenoon.

ObjectiveTo investigate effects of 2,3,5,4'-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glucoside (TSG), on learning and memory function and excitability in Alzheimer's disease rat model induced by cholinergic damage.MethodsBasal forebrain of rats were injured by ibotenic acid injection of 10μg each side. Rats were divided into six groups as the operation, model, positive control drug donepezil hydrochloride, TSG low (0.03g/kg), middle (0.06g/kg) and high (0.12g/kg) dose groups. These drugs were intragastrically administrated for 1 month. The learning and memory function were determined with Morris water maze, channel water maze and step through tests, and the excitability was evaluated by open field analysis. Results TSG (low, middle and high dose)significantly decreased the swimming time and error times (P<0.05) in water maze test and TSG high dose improved the ability of passive avoidance response at step through test.Open field test showed that there was no significant difference on excitability between each group ConclusionTSG can improve learning and memory abilities of Alzheimer's disease rat induced by cholinergic damage, TSG(low and middle dose)improve excitability of central nervous system in Alzheimer's disease rat model,but TSG dose maybe inhibite excitability of central nervous system.

Objective To investigate the value of diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) in detecting acute intracerebral hemorrhage with 3.0T MR. Methods A total of 105 patients with acute strokes underwent MR examination within 3 days after on set. The detectability and reliability of intracerebral hemorrhage with the DWI b0 sequence was assessed. The results were compared with the gradient-echo (GRE) sequence. The results of the GRE sequence were used as the standard. Results DWI b0 images of 47 cases displayed clearly in 48 acute intracerebral hemorrhage patients. For the detection of acute intracerebral hemorrhage, DWI b0 images had a sensitivity of 97.92%, specificity of 100%, the positive predictive value of 100%, and the negative predictive value of 98.25%. Deoxyhemoglobin-induced hypointense rim was characteristic on DWI b0 images, the next was GRE. Conclusion In the setting of acute stroke, DWI can clearly distinct intracerebral hemorrhage and non-intracerebral hemorrhage with 3.0T MR scanner. With a more rapid and accurate MRI strategy to evaluate acute stroke including DWI, T1WI and T2WI sequences without GRE is helpful in clinical decision making.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the characteristics of father-to-son vertical transmission of Y chromosome microdeletions

METHODSWe detected the Y by detection of Y chromosome microdeletions in infertile men and analysis of some of their families. chromosome azoospermia factor (AZF) microdeletions in the peripheral blood of 1 052 infertile males, investigated the paternal relatives of 12 cases of AZFc, 1 case of AZFb and 1 case of AZFb + c microdeletions, and drew the family tree diagrams of the infertile paternal relatives according to the findings.

RESULTSAmong the 1 052 infertile patients, 89 (9.73%) were found with Y chromosomal microdeletions, including 56 with AZFc, 6 with AZFa, 5 with AZFb, 14 with AZFb + c, and 8 with AZFa + b + c deletion. The investigation of the 14 patients'families revealed 1 case of AZFb and 1 case of AZFb + c deletion de novo. Among the 12 cases of AZFc deletion, vertical heredity was found in 5 patients with severe oligozoospermia, but not in the other 7 with azoospermia.

CONCLUSIONAZFe deletion may be vertically inherited from the father in severe oligozoospermia patients, and it is different from the paternal phenotype, while in azoospermia patients, AZF deletion, whatever type it may be, is less likely to be associated with vertical paternal heredity.

Adult ; Chromosome Deletion ; Chromosomes, Human, Y ; genetics ; Humans ; Infertility, Male ; Male ; Mass Screening ; Pedigree ; Sex Chromosome Aberrations ; Sex Chromosome Disorders of Sex Development ; genetics ; Young Adult

Objective: To observe the therapeutic efficacy of music electric stimulation of points in treating anxiety. Methods: By adopting a design of multi-centered randomized controlled trial (RCT), a total of 270 patients with anxiety were randomized into a treatment group and a medication group. The treatment group was intervened by music electric stimulation of points, while the medication group was intervened by oral administration of doxepin. The two groups were evaluated by using Hamilton anxiety rating scale (HAMA) and Chinese revised edition of self-rating anxiety scale (SAS-CR) before and after the intervention. The therapeutic efficacies were also compared. Results: The total effective rate was 93.6% in the treatment group versus 92.3% in the medication group, and the between-group difference was statistically insignificant (P>0.05). After the treatment, the aggregate scores of HAMA and SAS-CR were significantly changed in both groups (both P<0.001), and the inter-group differences were statistically insignificant (P>0.05). Conclusion: Music electric stimulation of points can produce equivalent efficacy in treating anxiety compared to doxepin. Thus, it can be taken as a choice in the treatment of anxiety.

Objective To learn more about the clinical and laboratory features of childhood paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria(PNH) and to improve the diagnosis.Methods The clinical and laboratory features of 12 cases of PNH were analyzed,who were diagnosed from January 2000 to November 2004,and the positive responses to treatments were observed.Results 1) The youngest age of onset was 2 years;the disease often manifested with anemia(100%),recurrent infections(50%) and hemorrhages(33%),occurring mainly in skin and mucosa.No patient developed a thrombosis.2) 66.7% of the patients showed peripheral blood cytopenia.Dysplasia of bone marrow was observed in 25% of patients.Fifty percent of them had an increased percentage of erythroid lineage.3) Positive hemolytic tests included urine OB 41.6%,Ham′s test 33.3% and Rous′ test 25%.Glycosyl-phosphatidyl inositol(GPI) deficient cells were found in 100% of the patients.4) 57.1% of patients was improved after being treated with adrenocortical hormone,androgens or cysporin.Conclusions Besides hemoglobinuria,peripheral blood cytopenia were also the common manifestation of PNH.Flow cytometry based immunophenotypic methods for the analysis of CD_(55) and CD_(59) may improve the diagnosis of PNH.J Appl Clin Pediatr,2006,21(3):153-154

Objective:To observe the clinical efficacy of moxibustion with seed-sized moxa cone plus opioid drugs for moderate-to-severe cancer pain, and the effect on immune function in patients with cancer pain. Methods: A total of 80 patients with moderate-to-severe cancer pain were randomized into an observation group and a control group by the random number table method, with 40 cases in each group. Both groups were treated with opioid drugs for analgesia according to the standardized management principles for cancer pain. In addition, the observation group was given moxibustion with seed-sized moxa cone. The treatment was performed once a day, continuous 5-day treatment with a 2-day interval constituted a treatment course, and a total of 2 courses were performed. The score of numerical rating scale (NRS) and 24 h equivalent morphine consumption was compared between the two groups before treatment, after 1 treatment course and after 2 courses of treatment. The immune functions were compared between the two groups before and after 2 courses of treatment. Results: During the treatment, there were 3 dropouts in the control group, and 2 dropouts in the observation group. Before the treatment, there were no significant differences in the NRS score and 24 h equivalent morphine consumption between the two groups (both P＞0.05). The NRS scores of both two groups were quite stable during the whole treatment period, and there was no significant difference in the intra-group comparison after treatment (both P＞0.05), and there was no significant difference between the two groups at the same time point (both P＞0.05). In the control group, the 24 h equivalent morphine consumption showed an increasing trend. The dosage after 1 treatment course and 2 courses of treatment was statistically different from that before treatment in the control group (both P＜0.01). There was no significant change in the mean 24 h equivalent morphine consumption in the observation group compared with that before treatment (both P＞0.05). After 2 courses of treatment, the 24 h equivalent morphine consumption in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group at the same time point (P＜0.05). Before treatment, there was no significant difference in the levels of T lymphocyte subsets (CD3+, CD4+ and CD4+/CD8+) between the two groups (all P＞0.05). After treatment, the levels of T lymphocyte subsets (CD3+, CD4+ and CD4+/CD8+) in the control group were lower than those before treatment (all P＜0.05), while the levels in the observation group were higher than those before treatment, and the levels of CD3+ and CD4+ were significantly different from those before treatment (both P＜0.05). After treatment, the levels of T lymphocyte subsets (CD3+, CD4+ and CD4+/CD8+) of the observation group were significantly higher than those of the control group at the same time point (all P＜0.05). Conclusion: Moxibustion with seed-sized moxa cone can reduce the dosage of opioid drugs used in patients with moderate-to-severe cancer pain and improve their immune functions.