No abstract available.
Fetal Development*

No Abstract available.
Enterocolitis, Necrotizing* ; Heart Defects, Congenital* ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn* ; Nutritional Support*

No abstract available.
Infant, Newborn ; Humans

Clinician must consider several factors when advising a breastfeeding mother on the compatibility of her medications to breastfeeding infants: the benefit the medication will give to the mother; the risk of discontinuation of breastfeeding to the baby, the risk of medication to the baby and the risk of medication to the maternal milk supply. In almost all situations, there are numerous medications that can be safely used for specific symtoms and should be carefully chosen with the breastfeeding mother in mind. The transfer of medication from the maternal serum into milk depends on the drug's oral availability, lipid solubility, molecular weight, protein binding and half life. One must remember when the mother uses medication, that medication needs to be absorbed into the bloodstream of the mother, be able to cross into milk, be orally available to the infant, absorbed by infant's GI tract, be able to get into the infant's bloodstream and be at an infant dose which is generally very small.
Breast Feeding ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; Half-Life ; Humans ; Infant ; Milk ; Molecular Weight ; Mothers ; Protein Binding ; Solubility

Agrowing number of premature infants including those with extremely low birth weight (birth weight <1,000g) are surviving in recent years with advances in neonatal intensive care. The infant follow-up program is a service that provides a continuum of care to high-risk infants who have increased risk for major and minor neuro-developmental impairments after they have been discharged from the hospital's intensive care unit. The goals of the outpatient clinic include the followup of the growth and development, identification of medical, neurological, developmental or psychological abnormalities, referral and consultation services as needed, and the enhancement of infant-parental bonding. All high-risk premature infants who are at risk for developmental delays should be evaluated with the Bayley Scales of Infant Development at corrected 7~8, 18, and 24 months and appropriate developmental assessment tools later in life to identify problems and to make appropriate referrals for early interventional therapies such as physical, occupational, speech, hearing, feeding and play group.
Ambulatory Care Facilities ; Child ; Child Development ; Continuity of Patient Care ; Follow-Up Studies* ; Growth and Development ; Hearing ; Humans ; Infant* ; Infant, Low Birth Weight ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature* ; Intensive Care Units ; Intensive Care, Neonatal ; Referral and Consultation ; Weights and Measures

Neonatal infections are frequent complications of neonates receiving intensive care unit. In particular, large cohort study has suggested that neonatal infections among extremely low birth weight infants are associated with poor neurodevelopmental and growth outcomes in early childhood. This review article will focus on the rational use of empirical antibiotics/antifungal therapy for early and late onset sepsis/fungemia, duration of antibiotic treatment, highlight clinically relevant aspects of the antibiotics commonly used in the treatment of sepsis, antibiotics requiring therapeutic dose monitoring, and management of antibiotic-resistant infection in the neonate.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Cohort Studies ; Drug Monitoring ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Low Birth Weight ; Infant, Newborn ; Intensive Care Units ; Sepsis

No abstract available.
Humans ; Infant* ; Infant, Very Low Birth Weight* ; Lung Diseases* ; Lung* ; Vitamin A* ; Vitamins*

With the advances in neonatal intensive care, pediatric surgeons experience very low birth weight infants, weighing <1,500 g, more frequently. We report our 14 cases of very low birth weight infants with intestinal perforations without congenital causes, at the Asan Medical Center during the 11-year period from 1989 to 2000. The average birth weight was 919 g (563-1,490), and average gestational age was 206 days (161-286). There were nine males and five females. Operation was performed at an average age of 14.0 days (3-38). Ten neonates with symptomatic PDA were given indomethacin in an attempt to close the ductus. Bowel perforation involved the jejunum in two and ileum in twelve. At laparotomy, there were seven focal intestinal perforations, five typical NEC, one intussusception, and an unknown cause. Four neonates underwent resection and anastomosis of the bowel, and nine underwent exteriorization. One underwent resection and anastomosis after peritoneal drainage. Four patients had postoperative complications; two leakage of anastomosis, one stoma necrosis, and one internal herniation. Seven of fourteen patients survived (50.0%). Seven patients died of septic complication. There was a significant difference in the birth weight and gestational age in survivors compared with those who died (p<0.05). There was an increased risk of bowel perforation in indomethacin treatment for PDA. Careful clinical observation and keen judgment are essential for this particular group of infants.
Birth Weight ; Chungcheongnam-do ; Drainage ; Female ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Ileum ; Indomethacin ; Infant* ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Very Low Birth Weight* ; Intensive Care, Neonatal ; Intestinal Perforation* ; Intussusception ; Jejunum ; Judgment ; Laparotomy ; Male ; Necrosis ; Postoperative Complications ; Survivors

No abstract available.

PURPOSE: To compare the incidence and clinical characteristics of infants with atypical CLD and those with classic BPD among premature infants less than 32 weeks' gestation. METHODS: Clinical data was collected retrospectively from the 256 premature infants less than 32 weeks' gestation and their mothers during 3-year study period. RESULTS: Among 212 preterm infants less than 32 weeks' gestation who survived to 28 days of life, 19 (9%) had atypical CLD and 38 (17.9%) had classic BPD. Atypical CLD infants were significantly heavier and more mature than classic BPD infants (mean birth weights, 1,100+/-294 g vs 915+/-225 g; and mean gestational age, 26.9+/-1.6 weeks vs 21.1+/-1.3 weeks). Duration of ventilator therapy and oxygen inhalation within 28 days of age were shorter in atypical CLD infants than in classic BPD infants (mean duration of ventilator therapy, 16.3+/-6.9 days vs 27+/-6.8 days; and mean duration of oxygen inhalation, 25.5+/-13.5 days vs 53.8+/-39 days). Oxygen dependency in atypical CLD infants showed bimodal pattern, decreasing gradually to 3-week after birth and upturning to peak at about 5-week after birth. Comparing the respiratory indices between classic BPD and aypical CLD, FiO2 at day 2,7, and 10, and oxygen index at day 2, and 10 were significant in classic BPD, but MAP were not. Considering the birth weight, MAP per birth weight, and modified oxygen index showed more apparent differencies between the two groups. CONCLUSION: 35.5% of total CLD were atypical CLD and showed bimodal pattern in oxygen dependency. Atypical CLD infants were significantly heavier and more mature than classic BPD infants.
Birth Weight ; Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature* ; Inhalation ; Lung Diseases* ; Lung* ; Mothers ; Oxygen ; Parturition ; Pregnancy ; Retrospective Studies ; Ventilators, Mechanical