The article summarizes the questions of clinical practicing in obstetrics and gynecology through clinical teaching in person,and find out some measures to improve teaching quality of clinical practicing.

Objective:To analyze and compare pharmacology cognizing between five-year and three-year systems students in medicine to provide materials for teaching innovation.Method:To gather feedbacks from the students and to analyze and induce the cases by EXCEL software.Results:The effectiveness of medicament is the focus.But five-year and three-year systems students concern different problems.57.1% questions raised by three-year system students are about the effectiveness and the effective factors of medicament,while 53.2% by five-year system students are about the effectiveness and the mechanism of medicament.Conclusion: There have been certain differences of pharmacology cognizing between five-year and three-year systems students.

Objective To investigate the correlation between tetramine poisoning and hypocalcemia in children.Methods According to different severe cases grade,tetramine poisoning children were divided into critical group(70-90 score),extremely critical group(

Objective To make recommendations on the development of private hospitals,by means of investigation and analysis of their business operations.Methods Quantitative and descriptive analysis were used to study business operation data from 2011 to 2013 of the 172 private hospitals,in order to learn their present status and development trends.These data were compared with public hospitals in average to identify problems.Results The revenue and expenditure of theses private hospitals increased at a fast pace,with a revenue growth rate of 22.0% and an expenditure growth rate of 15.7% in 2013.Number of visits gradually improved,with an increase of 12.9%.But the rate of bed occupancy was only 68.1%,lower than the average of public hospitals.Conclusions In view of the low resource utilization,the authors recommend such hospitals to improve hospital management systems,and uphold the integrity of business,so as to compete with public hospitals differentially.

Objective　To assess the CT manifestations and diagnostic value in the pancreatic tuberculosis(PTB)with review of the literatures. Methods　All cases of PTB proved by surgery or biopsy were examined with plain and enhanced CT scans. Results　The CT findings in one case with multiple-nodular type of PTB were diffuse enlargement of the pancreas with multiple, nodular, and low-density lesions; The nodular lesions had peripheral enhancement. 7 cases of local type of PTB encroached on pancreatic head. 4 cases showed local soft tissue masses with multiple flecked calcifications in 2 cases and mild enhancement in one case; Cystic masses was found in 2 cases, with mural calcification in 1 case and multiloculated cystic mass in 1 case, respectively; Massive pancreatic head calcification was demonstrated in one case. In these 8 cases of PTB, the lesion extended out of pancreas in 4 cases, including abdominal tuberculous lymph nodes, tuberculous peritonitis, and hepatosplenic tuberculosis. Conclusion　CT findings of PTB were various but had some characteristics. Pancreatic masses with multiple flecked calcification or mild enhancement could suggest the diagnosis. Abdominal tuberculosis accompanied with the pancreatic lesion, especially tuberculous lymph nodes, was highly suggestive of the diagnosis of PTB.

Objective To discuss the diagnosis and management of metastatic adrenal carcinoma. Methods Forty-seven cases with metastatic tumor in the adrenal glands were analyzed retrospectively from December 1996 to April 2010. Lung was the most common primary tumor site (51.1 %, 24 cases), followed by the renal cell carcinoma (12.8%, 6 cases), liver cancer (10.6%,5 cases), breast cancer (8.5%, 4 cases), melanoma (4.2%, 2 cases), and other carcinoma (12.8%,6 cases). Most patients with metastatic adrenal carcinoma had no special clinic manifestation. Lesions of 36 cases were surgically removed and 11 cases gave up operation. Results The mean survival time were 33.8±4.5 months for 31 cases underwent adrenalectomy and 6.3±2.7 months for 6 cases without operation. Patients with surgically removed adrenal metastases had better survival than those without surgical resection. Conclusions Adrenal gland is a common site of metastatic carcinoma.Ultrasonographic and CT scans are important diagnosis methods for metastatic adrenal carcinoma. Operation is still effective and long-term survival may be achieved for those well selected patients, but surgical indication must be strictly monitored.

Objective To observe the abnormality on behavioral ability of transgenic mice for HRX-EEN fusion gene.Methods Transgenic mice for HRX-EEN fusion gene(transgenic group,n=12)and C57/BL mice(control group,n=12)were tested in hidden platform training(day 1 to day 4)and probe trial testing(day 5)in Morris water maze in which ability of spatial learning and retention was assessed.Results In hidden platform training,the latencies of transgenic group were longer than those in control group,and significant differences were observed between the two groups for day 2,3 and 4(P

AIM: To investigate the effect of mydriasis optometry combined with amblyopia treatment on refraction and amblyopia changes in children with mixed astigmatism and amblyopia.METHODS: Totally 163 children (289 eyes) of mixed astigmatism and amblyopia from January 2010 to May 2011 were treated.All of the patients received mydriatic optometry and spectaculars with amblyopia therapy and were followed up for 5a to observe amblyopia efficacy and refractive status changes.RESULTS: With 5a, main diameter diopter at distant vision decreased year by year, average decline in the first year was 0.55DS, 0.56DS in the second year, 0.72DS in the third year, 0.95DS in the fourth year, 1.89DS in the fifth year.The spherical equivalent changed from 1.12DS at distant to 0.78DS at near.The corrected visual acuity of all the patients at first visit was 0.2-0.8 with varying degrees amblyopia.After a 5-year treatment, it was effective in 268 eyes (92.7%), in which 165 eyes (57.1%) improved, 103 eyes (35.6%) cured, the results was better as the period of spectaculars wearing was longer.There was 36 eyes (37.5%) improved and 60 eyes (62.5%) cured in 1.50-2.50DC group;118 eyes (74.2%) improved, 41 eyes (25.8%) cured in 2.50-3.50DC group;11 eyes (32.3%) improved, 2 eyes (5.9%) cured, 21 eyes (61.8%) useless in >3.50DC Group.The differences of efficacy among the groups were significant (all P<0.05).CONCLUSION: Appropriate spectaculars is the basic for amblyopia treatment.It is effective for most children with mixed astigmatism and amblyopia to take mydriasis optometry and amblyopia treatment.

Objective To investigate the auxiliary effects of huaier granule on hepatoeellular carcinoma (HCC)patients after liver transplantation.Methods Sixty HCC patients who had undergone liver transplantation from Julv 2004 to June 2006 and met the standard of UCSF were involved in this study.All patients were divided into huaier granule group(n=20),chemotherapy group(n=15),huaier granule+chemotherapy group (n=15)and control group(n=10).The white blood cell count,liver function,cell immunity and immunologieal reiection were detected.The 1-year tumor recurrence rate wag calculated.Results The white blood cell counts in chemotherapy group 1,3,and 6 months after treatment were significantly lower than that before treatment (F=62.053,58.472,49.807,P＜0.05).The changes of white blood cell counts of the other 3 groups before and aftertreatment were small.The difference on the white blood cell counts of the 4 groups had no statistical 8ignincanee(F=102.361,113.412,87.572,P＜0.05).The NK activity,CD4+/CD8+ ratio,IL-2 level in huaier granule group and huaier granule+chemotherapy group 1,3,6 months after treatment were significantly higher than those before treatment,and were significantly higher than those in chemotherapy group and control group(P＜0.05).No immunological rejection occurred in all the groups.Two patients in each group had recurrence and metastasis of HCC within 1 year after the treatment.and the incidence in control group was higher than the other 3 groups(P＜0.05). Conclusions Humer granule can increase the white blood cell count which is decreased after chemotherapy,impmve cellular immunity,and effectively suppress the recurrence and metastasis of HCC at the first year after operation.

Objective To investigate the effects of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1(VEGFR-1) in the invasion and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)by detecting the expression of VEGFR-1 in HCC tissues.Methods Paraffin-embedded tissue which containing HCC tissues and adjacent tissues were prepared from patients(n=82)with HCC,then were analyzed by immunohistochemical technique for the expression of VEGFR-1,epithelial marker E-cadherin and mesenchymal marker Vimentin.The relationship between the expression of VEGFR-1 and pathological parameters,and the correlation between VEGFR-1 and E-cadherin,VEGFR-1 and Vimentin were analyzed.Results The expression rates of VEGFR-1 in HCC tissues and adjacent tissues were 89%(73/82)and 0,respectively.The difference of VEGFR-1 expression in portal vein tumor thrombus,tumor capsule,stage,size and differentiation grade of tumor had statistical significance(x2=22.192,15.934,16.751,20.154,6.487,P＜0.05).The expression of VEGFR-1 had effect on the 1-,2-year recurrence rate and 2-year survival rate (x2=0.983,0.958,0.847,P＜0.05),but not on 1-year survival rate(x2=0.359,P＞0.05).The expression of VEGFR-1 was negatively correlated with that of E-cadherin(r=0.765,P＜0.01)but positively with that of Vimentin (r=1.469,P＞0.05).Conclusions VEGFR-1 may play an important role in invasion and metastasis of HCC.Epithelial-mesenehymal transition that induced by VEGFR-1 may contribute to the invasion and metastasis of HCC.