Adenocarcinoma ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Precancerous Conditions ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Retrospective Studies ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Vaginal Smears ; methods

BackgroundChoriodal neovascularization is an important ocular manifestation of angiogenesis in eyes,which derives from the choroid capillaries.Recent studies have found that complement activation is playing a key role in the laser-induced CNV.Because of the key position of CFB in the alternative pathway,bytargeting CFB and blocking the alternative pathway may provide an approach to observe the role of this alternative pathway in the generation of CNV.Objective This study was to investigate the inhibitory effect of reconstructed complement factor B (CFB)-small interfering ribonucleicacid(siRNA)on choroidal neovascularization (CNV)and its mechanism. Methods Experimental CNV was induced by laser photocoagulation in 96 eyes of 48 clean Brown Norway rats.The rats were randomly divided into 4 groups.25,50 and 75 μg B factor siRNA were injected via caudal vein on 1 day,3,5 days after photocoagulation in different dose groups,and normal saline solution was injected at the same way in experimental control group.Other 12 normal rats were used as blank control group.Fundus fluorescein angiography(FFA) was performed on 3,7,14,21,28 days after injection of CFB-siRNA and CNV was scored.The expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) and factor Ⅷ in choroid were detected by immunochemistry.The expressions of CFB-siRNA,VEGF,transforming growth factor β2( TGF-β2 )proteins in choroid were determined using immunochemistry in 7,14,21,28 days,and the expressions of mRNA of CFB-siRNA,VEGF,TGF-β2 were examined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR). ResultsFFA revealed that the CNV rates in various doses of CFB-siRNA groups were significant lower than those of experimental control group in various time points(P＜0.05),and those in 75 μg B factor siRNA were decreased in comparison with 25 μg B factor siRNA (P＜0.05).Immunochemistry showed that the intensities of the VEGF and factor Ⅶ expression in various doses of CFB-siRNA groups were weaker than the blank control group ( P ＜ 0.05 ).Compared with the control group,the expression of CFB reduced in 7 days,and then approached to the level near the control group.Fourteen to twenty-one days after injection of CFB-siRNA,VEGF and TGF-β2 depressions in different doses of CFB-siRNA groups were lower than blank control group( P＜0.05 ).CFB expression in choroid showed the lower levels in CFB-siRNA injection group compared with blank control group in from 7 through 21 days (P＜0.05).RT-PCR displayed the gradual increase of CFB mRNA and curve-like changes of VEGF and TGF-β2 with time prolong. Conclusions Recombinated CFB-siRNA can effectively inhibit laser-induced CNV by down-regulating the expression of VEGF and factor Ⅷ.Alternative pathway of complement plays an important role in the production of CNV.

Objective To investigate the prevalence and risk factors of stroke among population aged 50-79 in Beijing,2011.Methods 38 532 subjects were randomly selected with cluster sampling method,under the proportion to the population size (PPS).Each participant was invited to receive face to face standardized questionnaire interview,physical examination and neck ultrasonography.Results The standardized prevalence of stroke was 9.3％,with 11.5％ and 8.1％ for males and females respectively.The prevalence rate increased with age and was higher in males,in suburb areas and people with poor education.Ischemic stroke accounted for 80.8％ of all the stroke cases,with 16.6％ of the patients had one recur.The standardized prevalence rates of hypertension,dyslipidemia,obesity,diabetes mellitus were 80.7％,29.6％,22.9％,16.9％,respectively.The prevalence rates of hypertension,dyslipidemia,obesity,diabetes mellitus,migraine,heart disease,carotid stenosis,sleep apnea,peripheral cascular disease,ischemic eye disease,high homocysteine level and sickle cell anemia among stroke patients were 89.3％,39.7％,25.4％,25.4％,21.4％,23.7％,13.2％,6.4％,6.5％,5.9％,0.3％,0.3％,respectively,all higher than those without the disease.47.9 percent of the stroke patients had 3 or more chronic diseases with more risk factors.Conclusion People who were 50 to 79 years old and living in Beijing had both higher prevalence and recurrence rate of stroke,with the main type as ischemic stroke.Compared with urban area,the situation in suburb was more serious.Stroke patients had more risk factors.The top four relevant chronic diseases of stroke patients were hypertension,dyslipidemia,obesity and diabetes mellitus.In order to reduce or delay the occurrence or recurrence of stroke,lifestyle intervention programs should be adopted to control related chronic diseases at their early stages.

Objective To investigate the important role of diabetes educators in diabetic patients'health education process.Methods A total of 73 diabetic patients were evaluated by the same self-designed questionnaire before and after health education by diabetes educators,and the results were compared.Results After health education,the rate of 73 diabetic patients' diet knowledge including total calorie,amount of staple food,non-staple food,oil,vegetable and fruit were respectively 90.4％,97.3％,98.6％,98.6％,98.6％ and 95.9％,all of which were higher than those before health education (26.0％,78.1％,68.5％,42.5％,58.9％ and 71.2％),and the differences were statistically significant (x2 =43.31,12.25,20.17,39.09,29.12,14.73,respectively; P ＜ 0.01).After the diabetes health education,the rate of 73 diabetic patients' insulin types knowledge was 64.4％,was higher than this before health education (45.2％),the difference was statistically significant (x2 =10.29,P ＜ 0.01).The rate of patients' self-monitoring behaviors including keeping a diary,recording special events,measuring blood pressure weekly,testing HbA1 c every three months,doing fundus examination at regular intervals and inspecting blood fat,liver and kidney function regularly after health education were respectively 91.8％,98.6％,98.6％,98.6％,98.6％ and 98.6％,obviously higher than those before education (32.9％,24.7％,46.6％,39.7％,50.7％ and 54.8％),and the differences were statistically significant (x2 =39.34,52.07,36.10,41.09,33.11,30.11,respectively; P ＜0.01).Conclusions The diabetes educators play an important role in improving diabetes patients' level of healthy knowledge.

The aim of present study was to investigate the effect of chronic intermittent hypobaric hypoxia (CIHH) on collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in rat. Fifty male adult Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: CIHH pre-treatment group (Pre-T), pre-control group (Pre-C), CIHH post-treatment group (Post-T), post-control group (Post-C) and blank control group (Con). The rats in Pre-T and Post-T groups were exposed to 28 d of hypobaric hypoxia (simulated 3 000 m altitude, 5 h per day, pO2 = 108.8 mmHg, 14% O2) in a hypobaric chamber before and 12 days after CIA induction, respectively. The rats in Pre-C and Post-C groups were only experienced CIA induction, being control groups for Pre-T and Post-T groups, respectively. The rats in Con group were not given any treatment. The thickness of two-hind paw of rat was measured with spiral micrometer and the degree of arthritis was evaluated by arthritis index (AI). Morphological changes of ankle joint were observed through HE staining. The apoptotic rate in synovial tissue was measured by terminal dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) and the apoptotic rate of CD3(+) T lymphocyte in spleen was measured by flow cytometry technique. The protein expressions of Bcl-2 and Bax were measured using immunohistochemistry SP method. The results showed that incidence rate of CIA in Pre-T rats was lower than that in Pre-C rats (P < 0.05). AI in Pre-T and Post-T rats were smaller than those in Pre-C and Post-C, respectively (P < 0.05). In Pre-C and Post-C rats, there were hyperplasia of synovial cell, pannus forming, infiltration with inflammatory cell, and destroyed cartilage and bone in ankle joint. On the contrary, pathological changes of ankle joint were alleviated significantly in Pre-T and Post-T rats. Compared with Pre-C and Post-C rats, apoptotic rates of synovial cell and T lymphocyte in Pre-T and Post-T rats were increased (P < 0.05). As to the possible anti-apoptosis mechanism, CIHH, no matter before and after CIA induction, decreased Bcl-2 expression and increased Bax expression in joint synovial cells and spleen T lymphocytes (P < 0.05), respectively. In conclusion, CIHH possesses a protective effect against CIA in rat by enhancing apoptosis of synovial cells and T lymphocytes, which may be related to the inhibition of Bcl-2 protein expression and the promotion of Bax protein expression.
Animals ; Apoptosis ; physiology ; Arthritis, Experimental ; pathology ; physiopathology ; prevention & control ; Hypoxia ; physiopathology ; Ischemic Postconditioning ; methods ; Ischemic Preconditioning ; methods ; Joints ; pathology ; Male ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Spleen ; cytology ; Synovial Membrane ; pathology ; T-Lymphocytes ; pathology ; bcl-2-Associated X Protein

OBJECTIVETo investigate the short-term clinical outcomes of neonates of secundiparous mothers, and to provide a reference for the clinical practice after the change in birth policy.

METHODSA cohort study was performed for the parturients and their neonates born in Yongkang Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital in Zhejiang, China between June 2015 and April 2016. According to the parity of the mother, the neonates were divided into primiparous group and secundiparous group. The short-term clinical outcomes of neonates were compared between the two groups.

RESULTSA total of 4 091 neonates who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled, and there were 2 023 neonates in the primiparous group and 2 068 in the secundiparous group. In the secundiparous group, most mothers (57.16%) were aged 26-34 years, and 16.49% were aged above 35 years. Compared with the primiparous group, the secundiparous group had a significantly higher rate of births by cesarean section (42.55% vs 25.06%; P<0.05). The percentages of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS; 8.6% vs 3.4%) and transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN; 7.2% vs 2.6%; P<0.05) in hospitalized neonates from the secundiparous group were significantly higher than in those from the primiparous group.

CONCLUSIONSElderly parturient women are not the major population of secundiparous parturients. The neonates of secundiparous mothers have a higher rate of births by cesarean section, which might be associated with increased percentages of NRDS and TTN in hospitalized neonates from the secundiparous mothers.

Adult ; Cesarean Section ; statistics & numerical data ; Cohort Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Parity ; Pregnancy ; Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn ; epidemiology ; Tachypnea ; epidemiology

OBJECTIVETo investigate the function of tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 1 (TRAF1) and CD30-TRAF1 signaling in Hodgkin's lymphoma.

METHODSEndogenous and CD30 ligand-induced TRAF1 expression at mRNA and protein levels were examined by quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot analyses, respectively. RNA interference was performed to silence the expression of TRAF1 in L428 cells and examine its effect on cell survival. ELISA-based NF-kappaB family transcription factor activity assay was performed to quantify the kappaB DNA-binding activity in nuclear extracts. The expression of JunB was measured by Western blot.

RESULTSTRAF1 expression was detected at both mRNA and protein levels in B cell-derived lymphoma cell lines (L428 and KM-H2). CD30 activation via binding to CD30 ligand induced the TRAF1 expression, the relative mRNA expression was increased to 7.26 +/- 0.23 from 3.50 +/- 0.20, the relative protein expression was increased to 4.53 +/- 0.55 from 2.31 +/- 0.35. The apoptosis rate was increased to (27.7 +/- 5.8)% in TRAF1-silenced L428 cells compared to (5.7 +/- 1.2)% in control cells. The p50 and RelA DNA-binding activity were decreased in TRAF1-silenced L428 cells. The expression of JunB upon CD30 ligand stimulation was not changed in TRAF1-silenced L428 cells.

CONCLUSIONSTRAF1 is overexpressed in B cell-derived Hodgkin's lymphoma cells, which is regulated by CD30 signaling pathway. TRAF1 is a crucial molecule mediating the activation of the classical NF-kappaB activity, which further facilitates the anti-apoptosis.

Apoptosis ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Hodgkin Disease ; Humans ; NF-kappa B ; metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; genetics ; TNF Receptor-Associated Factor 1

Objective To evaluate the effect of blood pressure intervention program on stroke among high risk population aged 45-79 at the community level,in Beijing.Methods 7604 subjects were followed and given specific advice according to the situation of each individual,every month.Data regarding average blood pressure,number of hypertension control and the incidence of stroke among people in the community,were recorded and analyzed.Results Prior to the follow-up program,the hypertension prevalence was 64.1％ but both the systolic and diastolic blood pressure showed a reduction of 2.9 and 1.5 mm Hg,respectively after the intervention program was implemented,with t value as-20.987,-15.494,respectively,and P values were both 0.000.Decrease of BP at the first four follow-up experiences was more obvious.Decrease of systolic blood pressure appeared more in elderly (F value was 14.287,and P value was 0.000),in males (t value was-2.885,P value was 0.004),people living in suburban areas (t value was 5.314,P value was 0.000) and with poorer education (t value was-6.943,P value was 0.000).However,decrease of diastolic blood pressure was seen more in younger age population (F value was 22.864,P value was 0.000),in males (t value was-2.259,P value was 0.024) and those having received better education (t value was 2.428,P value was 0.015).Rate regarding hypertension control increased from 67.7％ to 87.9％ after the intervention program was implemented (x2 value was 324.595,P value was 0.000).Incidence of stroke was 2.7‰ and seen higher in suburban area (x2 value was 5.293,P value was 0.021).Conclusion Community intervention program on hypertension could both reduce the blood pressure and the incidence rate of stroke among high-risk population.The earlier the blood pressure intervention program started,the better the effect would be seen.Reduction of blood pressure in males seemed more obvious.In order to prevent or delay the occurrence of stroke,knowledge on hypertension prevention should be improved among populations at high risk.Individualized and comprehensive follow-up management programs should be strengthened among the community health care takers.

Objective To describe and evaluate the strategies,status quo,effect and problems of pharmaceutical pricing reform in 4 batches of urban public hospitals in China.Methods Chinese database and website of Commission of Health and Family Planning were searched.Bibliometrics was done.Results A total of 33 studies were included by screening and reading the abstracts.Among them,4 were masters' theses,and 29 were research articles and reviews.Generally quantitative researches with strong study designs accounted for only a small proportion.Most of the local reforms achieved basic targets,such as cancelling medicine addition,increasing medical service price,improving hospital internal operating efficiency and controlling medical price,however problems still existed including incomplete adjustment for medical services prices and unmet needs of differentiated compensation plans.Conclusion The prices of medical services should make further adjustment.Efforts should still be made in terms of establishing dynamic compensation mechanism for urban public hospitals,coordinating the policy decision-making process for more integrated measurements including reforms on payment models and logistic process.

Objective:Clonidine,by activating peripheral α-sbrenoceptors, produces transient pressor response after i.v.injection in anesthetized animals.Moxonidine, with at least 40-fold higher affinity to I1-imidazoline receptors than to α2-adrenoceptors,produces also a transient pressor response. This work was designed to investigate whether I1-imidazoline receptors are involved in this pressor effect of moxonidine. Methods:Female spontaneously hypertensive rats(SHRs,aged 14-16 weeks)were anesthetized with urethane.To observe the transient pressor responses,moxonidine 0.1,0.3,1.0mg/kg(intravenous,i.v),2.0μg(intracerebroventricular,i.c.v.)and 1.0,10.0mg/kg(intragastric,i.g.)were administrated in different groups of rats.To evaluate the roles of α1-adrenoceptors,α2-adrenoceptors and I1-imidazoline receptors in the transient pressor responses to moxonidine, prazosin(10.0μg/kg),yohimbine(2.0mg/kg),phentolamine(0.2mg/kg),idazoxan(1.0mg/kg)or yohimbine+idazoxan(2.0mg/kg+1.0mg/kg)were intravenously given to the animals before moxonidine 0.3mg/kg (i.v.).Results:It was found that i.v.moxonidine produced a greater pressor response than clonidine when producing a similar reduction of blood pressure.This effect of moxonidine was not influenced by prazosin, but was partly inhibited by yohimbine, phentolamine or idazoxan,and completely blocked by the combination of yohimbine and idzaxon.Neither i.c.v.injection nor i.g. administration of moxonidine induced transient pressor responses.Conclusion:The transient pressor response of i.v. moxonidine is mediated by both peripheral I1-imidazoline receptors and α2-adrenoceptors.