Objective: To observe the effects of manganese( Ⅲ ) meso-tetrakis (N, N'-diethylimidazolium-2-yl) porphyrin (MnTDM) in treatment of early Parkinson's disease(PD) mouse model induced by subcutaneous injection of 1-methyl-4-phenyl1, 2, 3, 6-tetrahydropyridine(MPTP) and to discuss its possible mechanism. Methods:Forty male C57BL/6 mice were evenly randomized into 4 groups: MPTP model group(subcutaneous injection of 25 mg/kg MPTP for 3 days), MnTDM+ MPTP group (15 mg/kg MnTDM was subcutaneously injected 1 h before MPTP injection), MnTDM control group, and normal saline group. Performance of animals in the pole and swimming test was observed 3 days after the last injection. Levels of dopamine (DA) and its metabolites(3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid [DOPAC] and homovanillic acid [HVA]) in the striatum of animals were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography with an electrochemical detector(HPLC-ECD). Thiobarbituric acid (TBA) method was used to examine the levels of malondialdehyde(MDA). Results: Acute injection of MPTP could be used for establishment of PD model. The striatal levels of DA, DOPAC and HVA in MPTP group were significantly lower(P＜0.01)and the striatal level of MDA was significantly higher(P＜0.05) than those of the control group. MPTP had no obvious effect on the behavioral performance of the animals in a short term. MnTDM could partly inhibit the above effects of MPTP. Compared with MPTP group, MnTDM+ MPTP group had significantly higher DA, DOPAC, and HVA levels and significantly lower MDA level(all P＜0.05). There was no significant difference in the behavioral indices of animals between the 4 groups. Conclusion:MnTDM can inhibit lipid peroxidation and promote DA production; it has preventive and therapeutic effects on MPTP induced PD.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the apoptosis effect of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma cell line (DLBCL) SUDHL-4 induced by IL-21 and its related mechanism.

METHODSSUDHL-4 cells were treated with IL-21 at different concentration (1000 ng/ml, 100 ng/ml, 10 ng/ml, 1 ng/ml) for 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, respectively. The inhibitory rate of cell proliferation was detected by CCK-8 assay. The cell growth curves were drawn and half inhibitory concentration (IC(50)) values were calculated. The cell apoptosis were detected by flow cytometry (FCM), the expression of the caspase-9, caspase-3, cleaved caspase-3, Bcl-2, Bcl-XL, Bid, Bax and c-myc protein in SUDHL-4 cells treated with IL-21 by western blot, the mRNA expression of Bcl-2, Bcl-XL, Bid, Bax, c-myc by Survivin gene with RT-PCR.

RESULTSIL-21 markedly inhibited SUDHL-4 cell growth in a time- and dose-dependent manner. The 48 hIC(50) was 140.9ng/ml; The FCM showed that the apoptosis proportion of SUDHL-4 cells treated with 100 ng/ml of IL-21 apoptosis (AnnexinV-FITC(+) positive cells) gradually increased (48 h: 19.7 ± 2.3%). The protein expression of caspase-9, caspase-3, Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL decreased in a time-dependent manner. The Bax and c-myc protein markedly increased, but the Bid protein level did not change. IL-21 up regulated c-myc and Bax gene expression, however down regulated Bcl-2 and BCL-XL gene expression, but the gene expression of Bid and Survivin hadn't been changed significantly.

CONCLUSIONSIL-21 can inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis of SUDHL-4 cell. The mechanism may involve in endogenous mitochondrial pathway mediated by the c-myc and the Bcl-2 genes.

Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Caspase 3 ; metabolism ; Caspase 9 ; metabolism ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Humans ; Interleukins ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse ; metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; metabolism ; bcl-X Protein ; metabolism

This study was aimed to investigate the impact of specific siRNA on survivin gene in transfected lymphoma cell line and provide experimental evidences for future treatment of mantle cell lymphoma. The small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeted survivin mRNA was synthesized in vitro and was transfected into Jeko-1 that showed high survivin expression in mRNA level. The levels of survivin mRNA and protein expression were detected by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot respectively. The apoptosis effect was examined by calculating the ratio of Annexin V-FITC/PI positive cells using flow cytometry. The inhibition of cell proliferation was assayed with CCK-8 reagent after transfection. The results showed that expression of survivin mRNA was markedly suppressed by the siRNA. The relative expression levels were 0.49 ± 0.03, 0.38 ± 0.02 and 0.17 ± 0.02 at time points of 24, 48 and 72 h respectively, compared with the control group; the inhibitive rates of cell proliferation were (31.2 ± 2.1)%, (43.3 ± 3.4)% and (52.6 ± 2.5)%; the apoptotic rates of cells were (6.3 ± 0.5)%, (13.5 ± 1.1)% and (23.6 ± 1.6)% respectively; survivin protein expression levels were gradually reduced. It is concluded that the siRNA targeting survivin down-regulates the expressions of survivin mRNA and protein evidently. The siRNA of survivin displays the potent ability to inhibit the proliferation of lymphoma cell line Jeko-1; survivin may become a potential molecular target for the therapy of lymphoma in the future.
Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; Gene Silencing ; Humans ; Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins ; genetics ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; RNA, Small Interfering ; genetics ; Transfection

OBJECTIVETo investigate the pathogenic factors of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infections.

METHODSTotally 36 serum samples were obtained from early pregnant woman and examined with ELISA for anti-HCMV antibody IgG and IgM. After artificial abortion,chorionic villus and decidua were also examined with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for HCMV-DNA. When the results of PCR were positive, pathological changes of these chorionic villus and decidua were analyzed.

RESULTSThe results showed that only 10 samples were PCR positive while IgG and/or IgM antibody to HCMV was positive. After infection with HCMV, different changes occurred in chorionic villus and decidual trophoblastic cells placental villus were hyperplasic and decidua cells degenerated and necrotized followed by lymphocytes infiltration.

CONCLUSIONThese pathological changes may be one of pathogenic factors of HCMV.

Adult ; Antibodies, Viral ; blood ; Chorionic Villi ; pathology ; virology ; Cytomegalovirus ; genetics ; immunology ; isolation & purification ; Cytomegalovirus Infections ; pathology ; DNA, Viral ; analysis ; Decidua ; pathology ; virology ; Female ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G ; blood ; Immunoglobulin M ; blood ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious ; pathology ; virology

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of lentivirus-mediated RNA interference targeting vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 (VEGFR1) gene on the proliferation, migration and apoptosis of leukemic cell line U937.

METHODSShort hairpin RNAs (shRNA) targeting VEGFR-1 was synthesized and cloned into pRNAT-U6.2 lentiviral vector. The expression vectors were transfected into 293T cell line to produce packaged lentivirus. After infected with the packaged lentivirus, the expression of VEGFR-1 gene of U937 cells at mRNA and protein level was detected by real-time PCR and Western blot. VEGF production by the cells was determined by ELISA. Cell proliferation and survival under regular culture and in the presence of cytarabine (Ara-C) was determined by CCK-8 assay. Migration assays were performed by 5 µm pore transwell inserts.

RESULTSThe lentiviral shRNA vector targeting VEGFR-1 was successfully constructed and transfected into U937 cells. The shRNA vector effectively inhibited the expression of VEGFR-1 gene in U937 cell line at mRNA and protein levels. As compared to that of the control, the proliferation rate of U937-shVEGFR-1 cells reduced; The VEGF production and migrated cell number of U937-shVEGFR-1 cells decreased dramatically. After treated with Ara-C, the inhibition rate and apoptotic rate of U937-shVEGFR-1 cells increased significantly. The number of migrated cells in the KD group under regular culture and in the presence of VEGF was markedly lower than that in the NC group and CON group. Bevacizumab could decrease the number of migrated cells in the NC group and CON group, but could not in the KD group.

CONCLUSIONSLentivirus-mediated RNA interference targeting VEGFR1 gene reduces the proliferation, migration of U937 cell line and enhances its sensitivity to Ara-C.

Apoptosis ; genetics ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; Gene Silencing ; Humans ; RNA Interference ; RNA, Small Interfering ; genetics ; U937 Cells ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of hypoxia on sumoylation of HIF-1α, as well as transcriptional activity and protein stability of HIF-1α in Jurkat cells, and explore its effect and significance on modulating the transcriptional activity of down stream target gene.

METHODSCoCl(2) was used as a chemical inducer to simulate the hypoxia environment. Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR and western blot were used to evaluate transcriptional activity and protein stability of HIF-1α, levels of SUMO-1 and SENP1 protein, and gene transcripts of VEGF, mdr1, mdr3, Mcl-1 and survivin respectively.

RESULTSAfter 4 h, 8 h, 16 h, 24 h and 72 h after hypoxia induction, the gene transcripts of HIF-1α were 0.79 ± 0.19, 2.65 ± 2.05, 4.19 ± 4.72, 2.77 ± 3.37, 0.09 ± 0.05 and 0.69 ± 0.55-fold (P > 0.01) of that of 0h in Jurkat cells, respectively, while the protein stability increased first, then decreased (P < 0.01). SENP-1 protein up-regulated first, then down-regulated, and the SUMO-1 protein changed in an opposite trend. Excepting for survivin gene, transcriptional activities of VEGF, mdr1, mdr3, and Mcl-1 were affected by the stability of HIF-1α protein.

CONCLUSIONHypoxia induces changes in SENP-1 expression, which increases the stability of HIF-1α by decreasing the sumoylation of HIF-1α and affects biological process by regulating the transcriptional activities of VEGF, mdr1, mdr3 and Mcl-1 gene.

Cell Hypoxia ; Humans ; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit ; genetics ; Jurkat Cells ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; Sumoylation ; Transcriptional Activation ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; metabolism

Adult ; Female ; Helicobacter Infections ; complications ; Helicobacter pylori ; Humans ; Hyperemesis Gravidarum ; etiology ; Pregnancy

AIMTo study the water-soluble constituents of Echinacea purpurea.

METHODSThe compounds were isolated by chromatography method and their structures were identified on the basis of spectral analyses.

RESULTSFive compounds were identified as 2-(4-hydroxylphenyl)-ethyl-O-alpha-L-rhamnopy-ranoasyl-(1-->6)-beta-D- glucopyranoside, named echipuroside A 1); (6S, 9R)-6-hydroxy-3-one-alpha-inonol-9-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside 2), ampelopsisionoside 3); phenylmethyl-6-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl(1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranoside 4) and phyenylmethyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside 5).

CONCLUSIONCompound 1 is a new compound, the others were isolated from this plant for the first time.

Cyclohexanones ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Disaccharides ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Echinacea ; chemistry ; Glucosides ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Molecular Structure ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Solubility ; Terpenes ; Water ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo observe the effects of Relinqing granules (powder of Polygonum capitatum extract) on the bacterial pyelonephritis model in rats.

METHODThe rat bacterial pyelonephritis model was induced by injecting the escherichia coli ATCC-25922 into kidney parenchyma. The rats were divided ramdamly into Relinqing groups(52.32, 26.16 g x kg(-1)), norflorin group (0.03 g x kg(-1)), model group and normal control group, and were given experimental drugs by gastrogavage. The contents of leucocytes (WBC), occult bloo (BLD), glucose (GLU), protein (PRO), ketones, bilirubin and urobilinagen in urine were determined.

RESULTAs compared with the model group, Relinqing granules 6.0 g x kg(-1) (crude drug 52.32 g x kg(-1)) could decrease significantly the contents of WBC and BLD in urine and, however, had no markedly effects on the other biochemical parameters of urine.

CONCLUSIONRelinqqing granule has significant effects of decreasing urine WBC and BLD on the bacterial pyolonephritis in rats.

Animals ; Anti-Infective Agents, Urinary ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Bilirubin ; urine ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Escherichia coli Infections ; urine ; Female ; Glycosuria ; urine ; Ketones ; urine ; Leukocyte Count ; Male ; Occult Blood ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Polygonum ; chemistry ; Proteinuria ; urine ; Pyelonephritis ; urine ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley