No abstract available.

During renal ischemia, ATP is degraded to hypoxanthine. When xanthine oxidase converts hypoxanthine to xanthine in the presence of molecular oxygen, superoxide radical (O2) is generated. This is toxic to cellular membranes through lipid peroxidation and may play an important role in the ischemic damage of the kidney. At the cellular level, with reperfusion there is accumulation of calcium and this potentiates oxygen free radical injury. The purpose of the present study is to determine whether oxygen free radicals and calcium play a role in mediating injury after renal ischemia. The ability of oxygen free radical scavenger (SOD) and calcium membrane blocker (verapamil) to protect renal function in the rabbit after renal ischemia was determined. The New-Zealand white rabbit was explored and occluded both renal arteries for 60 minutes with microvascular clamps. Group 1 (n=7) had normal saline infused into the both renal arteries followed by 60 minutes ischemia, group 2 (n=5) had SOD (10mg/kg) infused into the both renal arteries just before clamping, group 3 (n=5) had verapamil 15mg/kg infused. The results were as follows. Plasma creatinine in the group 2(1.7+/-0.1 mg/dl) was lower than group 1 (2.6+/-0.2 mg/dl) (p<0.05). Creatinine clearance and Ucr/Pcr in the group 2 (4.8+/-0.2ml/min, 19.8+/-2.6) was higher than group 1 (1.5+/-0.1 ml/min, 19.8+/-2.6) (p<0.05). Urine osmolarity in the group 2(574.6+/-22.3 m Osm/kg) was higher than group 1 (342.27+/-84.7 m Osm/kg). The function of solute handling was more reserved in the group 2 than group 1. (FeNa+ of group 1 vs. group 2 ; 6.9+/-0.6, vs. 2.0+/-0.3) (p<0.05). There was no difference between group 1 and 3 except Ccr. From these observations we conclude that free radical scavengers provide significant protection from the injury to the kidney and increased intracellular calcium potentiates renal injury during reperfusion.
Adenosine Triphosphate ; Calcium* ; Constriction ; Creatinine ; Free Radical Scavengers ; Free Radicals ; Hypoxanthine ; Ischemia ; Kidney ; Lipid Peroxidation ; Membranes* ; Negotiating ; Osmolar Concentration ; Oxygen ; Plasma ; Renal Artery ; Reperfusion ; Superoxides ; Verapamil ; Warm Ischemia* ; Xanthine ; Xanthine Oxidase

No abstract available.
Adrenalectomy*

The advent of computerized cranial tomography made a greater advance in the diagnosis of very wide variety of intracranial lesions. Authors analyzed 58 pathologically proven sellar and parasellar tumors examined at Kyung Hee Un-iversity Hospital from Oct. 1977 to Jun. 1981 and the results were as follows; 1. The distribution of the tumors is 28 pituitary adenomas, 18 craniopharyngiomas, 5 meningiomas, 4 germinomas, 2 astrocytomas, and 1 sphenoid mucocele. 2. In pituitary adenoma, the precontrast CT scan of tumors appeared as isodensity in 11 cases, mixed density in 8 cases, high density in 6 cases, and low density in 3 cases, and associated with destruction of sellar turcica in 15 cases, calcification in 3 cases, and hydrocephalus in 2 cases. The postcontrast CT scan study revealed 24 cases of contrast enhancement, including 17 cases of homogenous and 7 cases of ring or rim enhancement. 3. In craniopharyngioma, the precontrast CT scan of tumors appeared as low density in 12 cases, isodensity in 4 cases and high density in 2 cases and associated with calcification in 16 cases, hydrocephalus in 15 cases and destruction of sellar turcica in 2 cases. The postcontrast CT scan study revealed no enhancement in 10 cases and contrast enhancement in 8 cases including 6 of ring enhancement and 2 heterogenous enhancement.
Astrocytoma ; Craniopharyngioma ; Diagnosis ; Germinoma ; Hydrocephalus ; Meningioma ; Mucocele ; Pituitary Neoplasms ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

It had heen emphasized the necessity for upper gastrointestinal endoscopic examinations in patients. Who has had gastrectomy and presents persisting gastrointestinal symptoms. This study was conducted to evaluate endoscopic findings and clinical symptoms in patients following gastrectomy. (continue...)
Gastrectomy* ; Humans

Polycystic ovary syndrome is characterized by symptoms of oligomenorrhea, amenorrhea, infertility, hirsutism and obesity. It is known that the women with such diseases would have higher risks to coronary heart diseases, hypertension, DM and endometrial cancer later on, Known risk factors of endometrial cancer are nullipara, late menopause, obesity, DM, unopposed estrogen, tamoxifen treatment, and atypical endometrial hyperplasia ect. 75% of endometrial cancer occurs in age over 50 and 4% of endometrial cancer occurs in age under 40. Particulary endometrial cancer concurrent polycystic ovary syndrome occurs usually in people under age 40 and is commonly well differentiated cell type and is related to good prognosis. We experienced a case of endometrial cancer with polycystic ovary syndrome, who was early dignosed, presented with infertility and got an operation in our hospital, and report this case with a brief review of literature.
Amenorrhea ; Coronary Disease ; Endometrial Hyperplasia ; Endometrial Neoplasms* ; Estrogens ; Female ; Hirsutism ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Infertility ; Menopause ; Obesity ; Oligomenorrhea ; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome* ; Prognosis ; Risk Factors ; Tamoxifen

BACKGROUND: Nonimmune hydrops fetalis has become an important perinatal problem since it was first described in 1943. Although recent advances in antenatal ultrasound have made it possible to detect and manage nonimmune hydrops fetalis in early pregnancy, the perinatal mortality is still high. OBJECTIVE: To obtain clinically useful data regarding antenatal diagnosis, management, and perinatal outcomes of nonimmune hydrops fetalis, and to assist clinicians offer proper antepartum counseling and obstetric management which may be able to improve prognosis. Study design: We retrospectively reviewed 33 cases of nonimmune hydrops fetalis delivered in our hospital over a 4-year period. RESULTS: The antenatal diagnosis was possible by ultrasonography in all cases. Accumulation of fluid in fetal serous cavity and generalized skin edema were observed in all cases. A probable etiology was found in 23 (69.7%) cases through ultrasonography, various laboratory studies including fetal karyotyping, and autopsies. These were cardiovascular (4), respiratory (6), chromosomal (4), skeletal (1), and others (8). Despite extensive diagnostic studies, no definite etiology was found in 10 (30.3%) cases. Excluding the ten fetuses delivered after induced abortion, eight infants were born alive and six died in the neonatal period. The mortality rate was 91.3% (21/23). CONCLUSION: Nonimmune hydrops fetalis represents a very poor perinatal outcome. It is suggested that to improve the prognosis, various antenatal and postnatal approaches to find associated etiologic factors should be performed, and intensive perinatal cares are needed.
Abortion, Induced ; Autopsy ; Counseling ; Edema ; Female ; Fetus ; Humans ; Hydrops Fetalis* ; Infant ; Karyotyping ; Mortality ; Perinatal Mortality ; Pregnancy ; Prenatal Diagnosis ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Skin ; Ultrasonography

Invasive mole is a malignant form of hydatidiform mole and can be seen occasionally. It invades the myometrium, adjacent structures and metastasizes distantly. It can initially appear with symptoms of the respiratory, genitourinary system, or rarely intraperitoneal hemorrhage. However, reports of invasive mole initially presenting symptom of brain metastasis is rare and is occasionally found at autopsy. We report a case of invasive mole which had metastasized to the brain and lung and initially presented with symptoms of brain metastasis.
Animals ; Autopsy ; Brain* ; Female ; Hemorrhage ; Hydatidiform Mole ; Hydatidiform Mole, Invasive* ; Lung ; Mice ; Myometrium ; Neoplasm Metastasis* ; Pregnancy ; Urogenital System

The uterus with rudimentary horn occurs as a result of a lack of development during fetal life of the middle and lower parts of one of the Miillerian ducts, in which there is a failure of fusion of the two ducts, The incidence of this uterine anomaly is rare. Many cases of rudimentary uterine horn are not discovered since they do not become involved in a pregnancy, and thus remain symptomless and uncomplicated, and the diagnosis usually being made only with pregnancy with rupture. In this presentation, we describe a case of diagnosis and management of unruptured non-communicating rudimentary uterine horn pregnancy at the third trimester. The patient diagnosed by ultrasonography and MRI, was hospitalized for further evaluation and delivery under the impression of unruptured non-communicating rudimentary horn pregnancy. A living male infant weighing 1,930 gm was delivered by cesarean section at 33+l weeks due to impending preterm labor. Some articles concerned this subject were reviewed briefly to discuss relevant method of diagnosis, treatment, and clinical characteristics.
Animals ; Cesarean Section ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Horns* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Obstetric Labor, Premature ; Pregnancy Trimester, Third* ; Pregnancy* ; Rupture ; Ultrasonography ; Uterus

Persistent vesical dysfunction is often encountered after long term bladder overdistension caused by urinary retention. Experimentally, acute overdistension has also been implicated in the pathogenesis of the response to partial outlet obstruction. In the present study, we evaluated the expression of iNOS in the partially obstructed rat bladder and presupposed that NO is responsible for the prolonged micturition problem after partial outlet obstruction of the rat bladder. Female Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 150~200g were used. Individual bladders were obtained from unoperated control rats, and from rats at 6, 12, 48, 72 hours, 5 and 7 days after partial urethral obstruction. Total RNA was extracted from each of these tissue. The expression of mRNAs were assessed by Northern blot analysis. The band intensity of the autoradiographs measured by densitometry were compared between the obstructed and control group. The expression of mRNA for iNOS was detected in the control rats. The expression showed a sharp increase at 6 hours (342% increase) after obstruction and returned to normal by 24 hours. In this study, we show that iNOS increases in the rat bladder after operation and these results suggest that overproduction of NO may be a possible mechanism for the prolonged bladder dysfunction after partial bladder outlet obstruction.
Animals ; Blotting, Northern ; Densitometry ; Female ; Humans ; Nitric Oxide Synthase ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II* ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; RNA ; RNA, Messenger* ; Urethral Obstruction ; Urinary Bladder Neck Obstruction* ; Urinary Bladder* ; Urinary Retention ; Urination