Purpose: To compare the effectiveness of dexamethasone (DEX) intravitreal implants for the treatment of diabetic macular edema between phakic and pseudophakic eyes after a follow-up. Methods: A total of 79 eyes in 79 patients with diabetic macular edema who were insufficiently responsive to the previous anti-vascular endothelial growth factor treatment and applied intravitreal DEX implant were included in this retrospective study. The patients were divided into two groups according to their type of lenses: pseudophakic (group 1) and phakic (group 2).Best-corrected visual acuity, intraocular pressure (IOP), retinal nerve fiber layer thickness, and central macular thickness changes in the two groups were compared. Results: Group 1 comprised 42 eyes in 42 patients with a mean age of 64.02 ± 3.79 years, while group 2 comprised 37 eyes in 37 patients with a mean age of 64.19 ± 5.08 years. In both groups, best-corrected visual acuity improved significantly with a significant decrease in central macular thickness (p < 0.001). In both lens types, the IOP values decreased significantly on the first day but subsequently increased significantly compared to baseline from one week to six months. Increases in IOP values were significantly higher in group 1 at the first week, 1st month, and 6th month compared with group 2. During follow-up, the inferior quadrant retinal nerve fiber layer showed a significant decrease in both groups. Conclusions In both phakic and pseudophakic eyes, intravitreal DEX implantation is an effective treatment method with low-risk complications. In our study, the pseudophakic group experienced a significantly earlier increase in IOP and at higher levels than did the phakic group. In light of these data, we suggest that in patients with pseudophakic eyes, follow-ups for IOP should be stricter and started earlier after intravitreal DEX treatment.

Purpose: We sought to determine changes in the conjunctival bacterial flora and antibiotic resistance after topical antibiotic drops for infection prophylaxis were administered following intravitreal injections in patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods: This prospective and nonrandomized cohort study included 116 eyes of 116 treatment-naive patients with type 2 diabetes who received six serial intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor injections for macular edema. Three conjunctival cultures were obtained from each eye over the course of the study (Culture 1, baseline; Culture 2, 1 month after the third injection; and Culture 3, 1 month after the sixth injection). The study subjects were given topical moxifloxacin hydrochloride for 4 days after each monthly intravitreal injection. The growth patterns of conjunctival bacterial flora and the antibiotic resistance to several commonly used antibiotics were examined. Results: The rate of culture positivity increased significantly during the observation period (Culture 1, n = 47, 40.5%; Culture 2, n = 58, 50%; Culture 3, n = 76, 65.5%, p < 0.001). The bacterium with the highest baseline culture positivity was Staphylococcus epidermidis (n = 45, 38.8%), which increased significantly during the observation period (p < 0.001). No significant increase was noted in the culture positivity of the other bacteria with baseline culture positivity (p > 0.05). Regarding antibiotic susceptibility, significant increases in resistance to the fluoroquinolone group of drugs were noted (p < 0.001). No significant changes in sensitivity were detected in the other 11 investigated antibiotics that are commonly used in clinical practice (p > 0.05). Conclusions The use of topical moxifloxacin after each intravitreal injection significantly increases the fluoroquinolone resistance of the ocular surface flora and the culture-positivity rate of S. epidermidis in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Purpose: We investigated the effect of the time of secondary intraocular lens (IOL) implantation on final visual acuity and other causes affecting visual prognosis in cases left aphakic after open globe injury. Methods: The study included 62 eyes of 62 patients left aphakic after the repair of open globe injury between 2012 and 2019. Demographic characteristics, trauma zone, ocular trauma score, type of injury, time of secondary IOL implantation, final best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), and complications were recorded for each patient. Results: The mean follow-up time of 62 patients was 25.05 ± 12.59 months. The preoperative BCVA was found to be 2.40 ± 0.86 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR), while the postoperative final BCVA was found to be 0.53 ± 0.70 logMAR (p < 0.01). The mean interval timing of secondary sulcus foldable IOL implantation was determined to be 3.79 ± 4.04 months. No correlation was observed between secondary IOL implantation time and final BCVA (r = 0.140, p = 0.319). Furthermore, when only pediatric patients were taken, an excellent positive correlation was found between the secondary IOL implantation time and final BCVA logMAR (r = 0.895, p < 0.01). Multiple linear regression on final BCVA with age, revealed a significant model explaining 48.0% of the variability with younger age and better final BCVA with as significant coefficients (p = 0.007). Conclusions Although time interval between primary repair and secondary IOL implantation to correct aphakia does not effect final BCVA in adult patients, earlier surgery should be considered for amblyopia management in pediatric patients.

Purpose: We investigated the effect of the time of secondary intraocular lens (IOL) implantation on final visual acuity and other causes affecting visual prognosis in cases left aphakic after open globe injury. Methods: The study included 62 eyes of 62 patients left aphakic after the repair of open globe injury between 2012 and 2019. Demographic characteristics, trauma zone, ocular trauma score, type of injury, time of secondary IOL implantation, final best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), and complications were recorded for each patient. Results: The mean follow-up time of 62 patients was 25.05 ± 12.59 months. The preoperative BCVA was found to be 2.40 ± 0.86 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR), while the postoperative final BCVA was found to be 0.53 ± 0.70 logMAR (p < 0.01). The mean interval timing of secondary sulcus foldable IOL implantation was determined to be 3.79 ± 4.04 months. No correlation was observed between secondary IOL implantation time and final BCVA (r = 0.140, p = 0.319). Furthermore, when only pediatric patients were taken, an excellent positive correlation was found between the secondary IOL implantation time and final BCVA logMAR (r = 0.895, p < 0.01). Multiple linear regression on final BCVA with age, revealed a significant model explaining 48.0% of the variability with younger age and better final BCVA with as significant coefficients (p = 0.007). Conclusions Although time interval between primary repair and secondary IOL implantation to correct aphakia does not effect final BCVA in adult patients, earlier surgery should be considered for amblyopia management in pediatric patients.