BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The present study investigated whether MSCs derived microvesicles (MVs) or (Exosomes) can exert therapeutic effects on an experimental model of cutaneous injury and explored the underlying involving mechanisms. METHODS AND RESULTS: Three bilateral full thickness circular wounds were created on the back of two groups of dogs using 2-cm dermal punch. The wounds were at least 2.5 cm apart. Saline was subcutaneously injected in 4 places around each wound area in group-I (control), whereas an equal volume of exosomal solution of MSCs derived MVs was similarly injected in group-II. The findings demonstrated that MSCs derived MVs had significantly promoted cutaneous wound healing, collagen synthesis, and vascularization at wound sites. The application of the exosomal solution had not only promoted the generation of newly formed vessels, but also have accelerated their development and maturation leading to a faster healing process. CONCLUSIONS: MSC-Exosomes appeared to be a superior candidate for treating cutaneous wounds than their originator cells, and may represent a promising opportunity to develop a novel cell-free therapy approach that might overcome the obstacles and risks associated with the use of native or engineered stem cells transplantation therapy.
Animals ; Collagen ; Dogs ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells* ; Models, Theoretical ; Skin* ; Stem Cells ; Therapeutic Uses ; Wound Healing ; Wounds and Injuries*

BACKGROUND: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common reproductive disorder. Obesity, which is linked with lower adiponectin levels, increases a woman's risk of developing PCOS; however, the association between adiponectin and PCOS is controversial. Adiponectin levels could be affected by single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the ADIPOQ gene. This study aimed to test the relationship between serum adiponectin and PCOS in Jordan and the association between the rs2241766, rs1501299, and rs266729 SNPs in the ADIPOQ gene and PCOS. METHODS: One hundred and fifty-four women with PCOS and 149 age- and body mass index–matched normally menstruating controls were recruited. Serum adiponectin levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Genotyping was performed using polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. RESULTS: Serum adiponectin levels were significantly lower (P=0.0064) in PCOS women and rs1501299 (+276 G/T) genotype distributions were significantly different (P=0.01) between them and normally menstruating women. Multivariate analysis revealed that adiponectin levels remained significantly lower in PCOS women (P=0.001; odds ratio [OR], 0.9; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.84–0.96). The GT genotype of rs1501299 increased the risk of PCOS (P < 0.001; OR, 5.46; 95% CI, 2.42–12.33) and increased the risk of PCOS by three-fold (P < 0.001; OR, 3.00; 95% CI, 1.36–6.60) relative to the TT genotype. The GG genotype increased the risk of PCOS as well (P < 0.001; OR, 3:00; 95% CI, 1.36–6.60). CONCLUSION: PCOS is associated with lower serum adiponectin levels independent of age and body mass index. The T allele of the rs1501299 (+276 G/T) SNP of the ADIPOQ gene protects against PCOS.
Adiponectin* ; Alleles* ; Body Mass Index ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Female ; Genotype ; Humans ; Insulin Resistance ; Jordan* ; Multivariate Analysis ; Obesity ; Odds Ratio ; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome* ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide