BACKGROUND: Bone defect repair is a difficulty in orthopedic field all the time, researches on the tissue engineered bone tissue have provided completely new thoughts and methods for bone defect repair, and it is an important link to detect the biocompatibility of the biomaterials.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the biocompatibility of PCL with bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs).DESIGN: A controlled observation.SETTING: Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University.MATERIALS: The experiments were carried out in the orthopedic laboratory of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University. Healthy 4 to 8-week-old New Zealand rabbits of about 2 kg were used.METHODS: ① Bone marrow was extracted from bilateral femurs of the rabbits, then mixed into 10 mL RPMI1640 complete medium, and then entered the passage culture. ② The cells were inoculated and then divided into PCL group and control group, the cells were only inoculated in the control group, and the BMSCs were co-cultured with PCL in vitro in the PCL group. The morphological observed, cell proliferation, protein content and enzymological determinations were conducted.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The growth and the adhesion of BMSCs on PCL biomaterials were mainly observed.RESULTS: In the control group, most of the BMSCs changed to the shape of fusiform or multi-angles. In the PCL group, the BMSCs could adhere and proliferate on PCL, and the growth and function were not affected, PCL also played a certain role in promoting the cell proliferation.CONCLUSION: PCL possess satisfactory biocompatibility, and it is possible to be used as the carrier of BMSCs in tissue engineering.

Objective To explore the Ilizarov reconstructive technique and its efficacy for the complicated bone defect in long bone. Methods From January 1996 to January 2005, totally 61 patients suffered with long bone defect were observed, which involved 46 males and 15 females with an average age of 28.2 years(range, 6-55 years). The bone defect occurred on the tibia in 29 patients, femur in 9, humerus in 11, radius in 7, ulna in 5. The treatment was tailored to the different length of defect: 30 patients with defect 4-6 cm were treated with the Ilizarov osteotomy and lengthening method; 21 patients with defect 6-9 cm were treated with the segmental transporting technique; 10 patients with defect beyond 9 cm were treated with pedicle fibular graft and Ilizarov fixation. The average bone lengthening was 4.8 cm with the duration of follow up from 10 to 84 months(with an average of 47 months). Results All the 61 cases averagely got bone union at 7.1th month and fixator removal at 8th month after operation, respectively. The low-grade infection and effusion occurred in 78 pin tracts on 21 patients, which were attributed to bone absorption around the pin and improper wound care. And still 1 patient with fibular transplantation got refracture due to trauma before the fixator removal. Conclusion The key point in the Ilizarov technique for the long bone defect nonunion is to excise the lesion thoroughly, and reconstitute it later. The Ilizarov technique is an effective method to treat the severe defect in long bone and restore the extremity length.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the effects of Yili dark bee propolis on the main cariogenic biofilm and mechanisms.

METHODSSusceptibilities to the ethanolic extract of propolis against Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans), Streptococcus sobrinus (S. sobrinus), Streptococcus sanguis (S. sanguis), Actinomyces viscosus (A. viscosus), and Actinomyces naeslundii (A. naeslundii) were analyzed by crystal violet stain method to determine the minimum biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC). The biofilm was initially cultivated for 24 h. Subsequently, the propolis groups with different concentration MBEC and initial pH 7.0 were cultured for 24 h. Moreover, the pH value was measured to evaluate the acid-producing ability of the tested plaque biofilm. The effects of propolis on the insoluble extracellular polysaccharide synthesis of S. mutans biofilm were evaluated by anthrone method.

RESULTSThe MBEC of Yili propolis on S. mutans, S. sobrinus, S. sanguis, A. viscosus, and A. naeslundii were 6.25, 1.56, 3.13, 0.78, and 0.78 mg.mL-1, respectively. Propolis could decrease the ΔpH of the tested plaque biofilm, and the differences between the control and propolis groups were statistically significant (P<0.05). At MBEC, propolis could reduce the ability of S. mutans in synthesizing insoluble extracellular polysaccharides.

CONCLUSIONYili propolis demonstrate remarkable eradicative effects on the cariogenic plaque biofilm, showing inhibition of the synthesis of biofilm-produced acids and insoluble extracellular polysaccharides.

Actinomyces viscosus ; Animals ; Bees ; Biofilms ; Dental Plaque ; Propolis ; Streptococcus mutans ; Streptococcus sanguis ; Streptococcus sobrinus

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of Qizil guliqent on gastrointestinal hormone in normal rats.MethodsThe rats in experimental groups were administered with Qizil guliqent(4g/kg,6g/kg,8g/kg ),madinglin (0.0027g/kg),and the rats in normal control group were given 0.5％ CMC-Na for twenty days.The method ELISA was used to detect the content of gastric motility(MTL),vasoactive intestinal peptide(VIP) and Gastrin(GAS) in serum of normal rats.ResultsIn comparison with normal control group,VIP increased in Qizil guliqent group(4g/kg,6g/kg) (P ＜0.05 ～P ＜ 0.01 );but MTL,GAS were not significantly changed in this group( P ＞ 0.05 ).MTL,GAS were increased in Qizil guliqent group ( 8g/kg ) and madinglin group (0.0027g/kg) ( P ＜ 0.05 ) ; but VIP was not significantiy changed in this group(P ＞ 0.05 ).ConclusionQizil guliqent could regulate gastrointestinal hormones in rats,and dose related.

Chickens were infected with chicken anemia virus (CAV) at one-day-old and vaccinated with La Sota vaccine 8 days later. Meanwhile, uninfected chickens were vaccinated as controls. At 7, 14 and 28 days post vaccination, the content of IgG,IgM,IgA and HI titer in serum, the number of T cells, IgG, IgM and IgA antibody producing cells in thymus, bursa and spleen, the proliferative response of T、B cells, the inductive activity of interleukin 2 (IL-2) and interferon (IFN) in thymus and spleen were tested. The results showed that the content of IgG, IgM, IgA and hemoagglutination inhibition (HI) titer in serum, the number of T cells, IgG, IgM and IgA antibody producing cells in thymus, bursa and spleen, the proliferative response of T cells and B cells as well as the inductive activity of IL-2 and IFN in thymus and spleen of infected-vaccinated chickens significantly decreased compared with the control. These results indicated that the immunofunction and immunoregulation were dropped post ND vaccination of CAV-infected chickens.

Introduction: Misinterpretation of abbreviations by healthcare professionals has been reported to compromise patient safety. This study was done to determine the prevalence of abbreviations usage among medical doctors and nurses and their ability to interpret commonly used abbreviations in medical practice. Methods: Seventy-seven medical doctors and eighty nurses answered a self-administered questionnaire designed to capture demographic data and information regarding abbreviation use in medical practice. Comparisons were made between doctors and nurses with regards to frequency and reasons for using abbreviations; from where abbreviations were learned; frequency of encountering abbreviations in medical practice; prevalence of medical errors due to misinterpretation of abbreviations; and their ability to correctly interpret commonly used abbreviations. Results: The use of abbreviations was highly prevalent among doctors and nurses. Time saving, avoidance of writing sentences in full and convenience, were the main reasons for using abbreviations. Doctors learned abbreviations from fellow doctors while nurses learned from fellow nurses and doctors. More doctors than nurses reported encountering abbreviations. Both groups reported no difficulties in interpreting abbreviations although nurses reported often resorting to guesswork. Both groups felt abbreviations were necessary and an acceptable part of work. Doctors outperformed nurses in correctly interpreting commonly used standard and non-standard abbreviations. Conclusion: The use of standard and non-standard abbreviation in clinical practice by doctors and nurses was highly prevalent. Significant variability in interpretation of abbreviations exists between doctors and nurses.

OBJECTIVETo study the chemical constituents in the nutmeg (seed of Myristica fragrans).

METHODThe chemical constituents were isolated by various column chromatographic methods and structurally elucidated by IR, NMR and MS evidences.

RESULTFifteen compounds were obtained and identified as myristicin (1), methyleugenol (2), safrole (3), 2, 3-dihydro-7-methoxy-2(3, 4-methylenedioxyphenyl)-3-methyl-5-(E) -propenyl-benzofuran (4), dehydrodiisoeugenol (5), 2, 3-dihydro-7-methoxy-2-(3-methoxy-4, 5-methylenedioxyphenyl) -3-methyl-5-(E)-propenyl-benzofuran (6), erythro-2-(4-allyl-2, 6-dimethoxyphenoxy)-1-(3, 4-dimetho- xyphenyl) propane (7), erythro-2-(4-allyl-2, 6-dimethoxyphenoxy)-1-(3, 4, 5-trimethoxyphenyl) propane (8), erythro-2-(4-allyl-2, 6-dimethoxyphenoxy)-1-(3, 4-dimethoxyphenyl) propan-1-ol acetate (9), erythro-2-(4-allyl-2, 6-dimethoxyphenoxy)-1-(3, 4-dimethoxyphenyl) propan-1-ol (10), erythro-2-(4-allyl-2, 6-dimethoxyphenoxy)-1-(3, 4, 5-trimethoxyphenyl) propan-1-ol (11), 5-methoxy-dehydrodiisoeugenol (12), erythro-2-(4-allyl-2, 6-dimethoxyphenoxy)-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-propan-1-ol (13), guaiacin (14) and threo-2-(4-allyl-2, 6-dimethoxyphenoxy)-1-(3-methoxy-5-hydroxy-phenyl) propan-1-ol (15).

CONCLUSIONCompound 15 is a new compound and named myrisisolignan. Compound 7 is isolated from the genus Myristica for the first time.

Benzofurans ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Benzyl Compounds ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Dioxolanes ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Eugenol ; analogs & derivatives ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Lignans ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Molecular Structure ; Myristica fragrans ; chemistry ; Pyrogallol ; analogs & derivatives ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Safrole ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Seeds ; chemistry

Background: Misinterpretation of abbreviations by healthcare workers has been reported to compromise patient safety. Medical students are future doctors. We explored how early medical students acquired the practice of using abbreviations, and their ability to interpret commonly used abbreviations in medical practice. Method: Eighty junior and 74 senior medical students were surveyed using a self-administered questionnaire designed to capture demographic data; frequency and reasons for using abbreviations; from where abbreviations were learned; frequency of encountering abbreviations in medical practice; prevalence of mishaps due to misinterpretation; and the ability of students to correctly interpret commonly used abbreviations. Comparisons were made between senior and junior medical students. Results: Abbreviation use was highly prevalent among junior and senior medical students. They acquired the habit mainly from the clinical notes of doctors in the hospital. They used abbreviations mainly to save time, space and avoid writing in full sentences. The students experienced difficulties, frustrations and often resorted to guesswork when interpreting abbreviations; with junior students experiencing these more than senior students. The latter were better at interpreting standard and nonstandard abbreviations. Nevertheless, the students felt the use of abbreviations was necessary and acceptable. Only a few students reported encountering mishaps in patient management as a result of misinterpretation of abbreviations. Conclusion: Medical students acquired the habit of using abbreviations early in their training. Senior students knew more and correctly interpreted more standard and non-standard abbreviations compared to junior students. Medical students should be taught to use standard abbreviations only.
Students, Medical

Objective To observe and study the efficacy and the impact on memory of alzheimer′s disease patients treated with perception of enhancing intelligence and treating dementia.Methods A total of 114 cases of alzheimer′s patients were randomly divided into treatment group (57 cases) and control group (57 cases).Patients in control group were treated with piracetam, oral 0.8 -1.6 g, 4 times a day.Patients in treatment group were taken perception of enhancing intelligence and treating dementia on the basis of control group, 2 times a day, 4 weeks for a course of treatment.Before and after three months treatment, MMSE, BI, and cognitive function, memory and Blessed dementia scale were assess.Clinical efficacy and adverse reactions of the two groups were observed.Results Total effective rate in treatment group was 94.74%, significantly higher than that in control group, which was 63.15%( P<0.05 ).After treatment, MMSE score ( 17.5 ±2.1 ) and BI score (74.9 ±5.7) in control group were significantly lower than that in treatment group, which were ( 22.2 ±2.3 ) , ( 85.8 ±5.9 ) , ( P<0.05).After treatment, cognitive function, vocabulary and memory in treatment group were significantly higher than that in control group.The Blessed dementia scale score in treatment group (4.6 ±2.4) was lower than that in control group (5.8 ±2.5).The incidence of adverse reactions in treatment group(7.01%), was lower than that in control group(28.07%, P<0.05).Conclusion Perception of enhancing intelligence and treating dementia combined piracetam can effectively improve the clinical symptoms, memory and life skills of alzheimer′s patients.

Anxiety and depression were known to bring detrimental outcome in patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD). Notwithstanding their high prevalence and catastrophic impact, anxiety and depression were unrecognized and untreated. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of anxiety and depression among IHD patients and the association of this condition with clinical and selected demographic factors. This was a cross-sectional study on 100 IHD patients admitted to medical ward in UKMMC. Patients diagnosed to have IHD were randomly assessed using Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and Perceived Social Support (PSS) Questionnaire. Socio-demographic data were obtained by direct interview. Fifteen percent of IHD patients in this sample were noted to have anxiety, fourteen percent noted to have depression while thirty two percent was noted to have both anxiety and depression. Patients’ age group and the duration of illness were found to have significant association with anxiety. Socio-demographic data were obtained by direct interview. Fifteen percent of IHD patients in this sample were noted to have anxiety, fourteen percent noted to have depression while thirty two percent was noted to have both anxiety and depression. Patients’ age group and the duration of illness were found to have significant association wit¬h anxiety. The other clinical and selected demographic factors such as gender, race, marital status, education level, occupation, co-existing medical illness and social support were not found to be significantly associated with anxiety or depression among the IHD patients. In conclusion, proper assessment of anxiety and depression in IHD patients, with special attention to patients’ age and duration of illness should be carried out routinely to help avert detrimental consequences.​