Paneth cell-rich carcinoma is essentially an adenocarcinoma with a predominance of Paneth cells. A 60-year-old male patient was admitted with a history of abdominal distension for several months. Endoscopic examination revealed a large ulceroinfiltrative tumor involving most of the areas of the stomach. The biopsy of the lesion confirmed poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma and total gastrectomy was followed. The submitted total stomach contained a diffuse infiltrative Borrmann type IV mass with ulceration, 8.0 3.5 cm, at the body along the lesser curvature. Microscopically, it was composed of Paneth cell differentiated cancer cells and poorly differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma cells. The Paneth cell differentiation was characterized by cytoplasmic coarse eosinophilic granules, which were PAS-positive and positive reaction for lysozyme. Electron microscopic examination showed numerous, spherical, electron-dense, homogeneous granules corresponding to those in Paneth cells as well as mucin granules in the signet-ring cells, and various intermediate forms in some cancer cells, which might be immature in the Paneth cell lineage.
Adenocarcinoma ; Biopsy ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Lineage ; Cytoplasm ; Eosinophils ; Gastrectomy ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mucins ; Muramidase ; Paneth Cells ; Stomach* ; Ulcer

PURPOSE: To analyze the factors that affected continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis (CCC) remodeling to different shapes after CCC widening with Nd:YAG laser. METHODS: The medical records of patients who underwent CCC widening with Nd:YAG laser between January 2002 and December 2010 in our clinic were retrospectively reviewed. Eyes that underwent phacoemulsification surgery alone or combined phacoemulsification surgery and vitrectomy were eligible for the study. A remodeled CCC with a nearly complete circle was classified as type a, starfish-shape as type b, and not remodeled CCC as type c, The factors that affected CCC remodeling were analyzed. RESULTS: Among 424 eyes of 316 patients, the type of CCC remodeling had a significant correlation with the time period from phacoemulsification surgery to Nd:YAG CCC widening. There was no significant correlation with age, sex, diabetes, type of intraocular lens, type of surgery and indications for surgery. CONCLUSIONS: CCC widening using Nd:YAG laser was effective and had minimal complications. The sooner the procedure was performed, the more circular CCC remodeling occurred. The capsule's elasticity may influence CCC remodeling, but more studies are needed to clarify other factors.
Capsulorhexis* ; Elasticity ; Humans ; Lenses, Intraocular ; Medical Records ; Phacoemulsification ; Retrospective Studies ; Vitrectomy

Decrease of occlusal vertical dimension (OVD) due to loss of teeth structure and destruction of the occlusal plane by severely worn dentition may cause cross bite or temporomandibular joint disorder by following change of facial feature or the loss of anterior guidance. Full mouth rehabilitation via an increase of the OVD can be considered to avoid this problem and proper evaluation of patient's OVD is essential. An 80 year old male visited for overall prosthodontic treatment, cross bite due to continuous wear and following decrease of the OVD were observed. We analyzed the existing occlusal relationship using the diagnostic cast, the radiographic evaluation and clinical test, and then proper increase of OVD was selected. The new OVD on diagnostic wax up was placed by the temporary restoration. After 3 months of observation period, final restoration with fixed partial dentures and implant overdenture were made. Throughout the follow-up period of 8 months, the aesthetic and functional improvement can be obtained.
Dental Occlusion ; Dentition ; Denture, Overlay ; Denture, Partial, Fixed ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Malocclusion ; Mouth Rehabilitation* ; Mouth* ; Prosthodontics ; Temporomandibular Joint Disorders ; Tooth Loss* ; Tooth* ; Vertical Dimension*

BACKGROUND: Long menstrual cycle is a risk factor for developing type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease in women. We aimed to evaluate the association between existing type 2 diabetes and oligomenorrhea before diagnosis of diabetes, and to observe the differences in this association among obese and non-obese Korean women. METHODS: Patients with type 2 diabetes (n=118) and without any clinical evidence of abnormal glucose regulation (n=258) who attended the outpatient clinic of a university hospital and were over age 30. Patients self-reporting a menstrual cycle over 40 days during their 20s were defined as oligomenorrhea before diagnosis of diabetes. Obesity was defined as having a body mass index (BMI) over 25 kg/m2. RESULTS: The frequency of oligomenorrhea before diagnosis of diabetes was almost two-fold higher in women with type 2 diabetes than in the control group (16.1% vs. 8.5%, P=0.03). Oligomenorrhea was associated with type 2 diabetes after adjusting for age, BMI, systolic blood pressure, triglycerides, and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (odds ratio, 3.89; 95% confidence interval, 1.37 to 11.04). Among women with oligomenorrhea before diagnosis of diabetes, the frequency of type 2 diabetes was significantly higher in obese subjects than in their non-obese counterparts (90.9% vs. 30.0%, P=0.03). CONCLUSION: Having a long menstrual cycle could be a risk factor for the development of type 2 diabetes, especially in obese women.
Ambulatory Care Facilities ; Blood Pressure ; Body Mass Index ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Cholesterol ; Cholesterol, HDL ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; Female ; Glucose ; Humans ; Lipoproteins ; Menstrual Cycle ; Obesity ; Oligomenorrhea ; Risk Factors ; Triglycerides

Objectives: This study aimed to comprehensively outline the methodological approaches used in published research comparing the vaccine effectiveness (VE) of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines. Methods: A systematic search was conducted on June 13, 2024, to identify comparative studies evaluating the effectiveness of mRNA versus non-mRNA and monovalent versus bivalent COVID-19 vaccines. We screened titles, abstracts, and full texts, collecting data on publication year, country, sample size, study population composition, study design, VE estimates, outcomes, and covariates. Studies that reported relative VE (rVE) were analyzed separately from those that did not. Results: We identified 25 articles comparing rVE between mRNA and non-mRNA COVID-19 vaccines, as well as between monovalent and bivalent formulations. Among the studies assessing VE by vaccine type, 126 did not provide rVE estimates. Comparative VE studies frequently employed retrospective cohort designs. Among the definitions of rVE used, the most common were hazard ratio and absolute VE, calculated as (1−odds ratio)×100. Studies were most frequently conducted in the United Kingdom and the United States, and the most common outcome was infection. Most targeted the general population and assessed the VE of mRNA vaccines using the AstraZeneca vaccine as a reference. A small proportion, 7.3% (n=11), did not adjust for any variables. Only 3 studies (2.0%) adjusted for all core confounding variables recommended by the World Health Organization. Conclusion Few comparative studies of COVID-19 vaccines have incorporated rVE methodologies. Reporting rVE and employing a consistent set of covariates can broaden our understanding of COVID-19 vaccines.

Objectives: This study aimed to comprehensively outline the methodological approaches used in published research comparing the vaccine effectiveness (VE) of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines. Methods: A systematic search was conducted on June 13, 2024, to identify comparative studies evaluating the effectiveness of mRNA versus non-mRNA and monovalent versus bivalent COVID-19 vaccines. We screened titles, abstracts, and full texts, collecting data on publication year, country, sample size, study population composition, study design, VE estimates, outcomes, and covariates. Studies that reported relative VE (rVE) were analyzed separately from those that did not. Results: We identified 25 articles comparing rVE between mRNA and non-mRNA COVID-19 vaccines, as well as between monovalent and bivalent formulations. Among the studies assessing VE by vaccine type, 126 did not provide rVE estimates. Comparative VE studies frequently employed retrospective cohort designs. Among the definitions of rVE used, the most common were hazard ratio and absolute VE, calculated as (1−odds ratio)×100. Studies were most frequently conducted in the United Kingdom and the United States, and the most common outcome was infection. Most targeted the general population and assessed the VE of mRNA vaccines using the AstraZeneca vaccine as a reference. A small proportion, 7.3% (n=11), did not adjust for any variables. Only 3 studies (2.0%) adjusted for all core confounding variables recommended by the World Health Organization. Conclusion Few comparative studies of COVID-19 vaccines have incorporated rVE methodologies. Reporting rVE and employing a consistent set of covariates can broaden our understanding of COVID-19 vaccines.

Objectives: This study aimed to comprehensively outline the methodological approaches used in published research comparing the vaccine effectiveness (VE) of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines. Methods: A systematic search was conducted on June 13, 2024, to identify comparative studies evaluating the effectiveness of mRNA versus non-mRNA and monovalent versus bivalent COVID-19 vaccines. We screened titles, abstracts, and full texts, collecting data on publication year, country, sample size, study population composition, study design, VE estimates, outcomes, and covariates. Studies that reported relative VE (rVE) were analyzed separately from those that did not. Results: We identified 25 articles comparing rVE between mRNA and non-mRNA COVID-19 vaccines, as well as between monovalent and bivalent formulations. Among the studies assessing VE by vaccine type, 126 did not provide rVE estimates. Comparative VE studies frequently employed retrospective cohort designs. Among the definitions of rVE used, the most common were hazard ratio and absolute VE, calculated as (1−odds ratio)×100. Studies were most frequently conducted in the United Kingdom and the United States, and the most common outcome was infection. Most targeted the general population and assessed the VE of mRNA vaccines using the AstraZeneca vaccine as a reference. A small proportion, 7.3% (n=11), did not adjust for any variables. Only 3 studies (2.0%) adjusted for all core confounding variables recommended by the World Health Organization. Conclusion Few comparative studies of COVID-19 vaccines have incorporated rVE methodologies. Reporting rVE and employing a consistent set of covariates can broaden our understanding of COVID-19 vaccines.

Objective: There has been a rapid increase in the utilization of emergency departments (EDs), especially for non-emergent cases. The challenges of accessing medical services at night cause disparities in ED utilization between the day and night. Additionally, the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had a notable impact on ED visits. This study aimed to compare the characteristics of patients visiting the EDs in the daytime and at night before and after COVID-19. Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted on adults (≥18 years) at three metropolitan EDs from January 1, 2019 to December 31, 2020. Data, including the Korean Triage Acuity System, Tenth Revision (ICD-10) codes, and ICU admissions, were collected. Characteristics of patients visiting the ED during the day (06:00-18:00) and night (18:00-06:00) periods before and after COVID-19 were analyzed. Results: During the pre-COVID-19 and COVID-19 periods, 117,896 and 92,915 patients visited the ED, respectively. Non-emergency nighttime visits were increased than daytime visits during both the pre-COVID-19 period (37.9% vs. 30.9%) and the COVID-19 period (35.4% vs. 28.8%) (P<0.01). During COVID-19, non-emergency patient visits to the ED during the nighttime decreased compared to those during the day (odds ratio, 0.96; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.93-0.99, P=0.01). Among the top five diagnoses, the number of patients declined during the COVID-19 pandemic in most categories, except for the category of “Fever of other and unknown origin,” which saw an increase both during the day (incident rate ratio [IRR], 1.10; 95% CI, 1.05-1.17) and night (IRR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.17-1.30). Conclusion The COVID-19 pandemic significantly influenced ED visit patterns, particularly by reducing non-emergent visits during nighttime.

Objective: There has been a rapid increase in the utilization of emergency departments (EDs), especially for non-emergent cases. The challenges of accessing medical services at night cause disparities in ED utilization between the day and night. Additionally, the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had a notable impact on ED visits. This study aimed to compare the characteristics of patients visiting the EDs in the daytime and at night before and after COVID-19. Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted on adults (≥18 years) at three metropolitan EDs from January 1, 2019 to December 31, 2020. Data, including the Korean Triage Acuity System, Tenth Revision (ICD-10) codes, and ICU admissions, were collected. Characteristics of patients visiting the ED during the day (06:00-18:00) and night (18:00-06:00) periods before and after COVID-19 were analyzed. Results: During the pre-COVID-19 and COVID-19 periods, 117,896 and 92,915 patients visited the ED, respectively. Non-emergency nighttime visits were increased than daytime visits during both the pre-COVID-19 period (37.9% vs. 30.9%) and the COVID-19 period (35.4% vs. 28.8%) (P<0.01). During COVID-19, non-emergency patient visits to the ED during the nighttime decreased compared to those during the day (odds ratio, 0.96; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.93-0.99, P=0.01). Among the top five diagnoses, the number of patients declined during the COVID-19 pandemic in most categories, except for the category of “Fever of other and unknown origin,” which saw an increase both during the day (incident rate ratio [IRR], 1.10; 95% CI, 1.05-1.17) and night (IRR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.17-1.30). Conclusion The COVID-19 pandemic significantly influenced ED visit patterns, particularly by reducing non-emergent visits during nighttime.

Objectives: This study aimed to comprehensively outline the methodological approaches used in published research comparing the vaccine effectiveness (VE) of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines. Methods: A systematic search was conducted on June 13, 2024, to identify comparative studies evaluating the effectiveness of mRNA versus non-mRNA and monovalent versus bivalent COVID-19 vaccines. We screened titles, abstracts, and full texts, collecting data on publication year, country, sample size, study population composition, study design, VE estimates, outcomes, and covariates. Studies that reported relative VE (rVE) were analyzed separately from those that did not. Results: We identified 25 articles comparing rVE between mRNA and non-mRNA COVID-19 vaccines, as well as between monovalent and bivalent formulations. Among the studies assessing VE by vaccine type, 126 did not provide rVE estimates. Comparative VE studies frequently employed retrospective cohort designs. Among the definitions of rVE used, the most common were hazard ratio and absolute VE, calculated as (1−odds ratio)×100. Studies were most frequently conducted in the United Kingdom and the United States, and the most common outcome was infection. Most targeted the general population and assessed the VE of mRNA vaccines using the AstraZeneca vaccine as a reference. A small proportion, 7.3% (n=11), did not adjust for any variables. Only 3 studies (2.0%) adjusted for all core confounding variables recommended by the World Health Organization. Conclusion Few comparative studies of COVID-19 vaccines have incorporated rVE methodologies. Reporting rVE and employing a consistent set of covariates can broaden our understanding of COVID-19 vaccines.