Hormesis describes the low-dose stimulation and high-dose inhibition phenomena for all kind lives under toxicity environment. This paper generalized hormesis of medicinal plant on grow and metabolite after introducing the concept and study state of hormesis and analyzing hormesis mechanism and its significance. It points out that hormesis can be well used for medicinal plants growth, including increasing the metabolise, giving a dereaction for cultivated field chosen, guiding the agriculture management during the cultivation and improving the anti-stress.
Agriculture ; methods ; Plants, Medicinal ; growth & development ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo study optimum planting density and sowing depth of Tulipa edulis.

METHODThe effects of different planting densities, sowing depth and thin plastic film cover were studied on yield, rate of increase, bulb weight increased multiples, and proliferation rate of bulb.

RESULT AND CONCLUSIONUnder 30-200 bulbs per squremeter density range, the yield increased with the density increasing, and reached significance level. In 5-20 centimeter depth range, the yield and the number of harvested bulbs enhanced along with the sowing depth increasing, and the best sowing depth was 20 cm. Thin plastic film cover showed no effect on the growth.

Agriculture ; methods ; Crops, Agricultural ; growth & development ; Tulipa ; growth & development

OBJECTIVETo preliminarily study the effect of fertilizer methods on the yield and quality of Fritillaria ussuriensis.

METHODThrough the investigation of the available nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium in soil fertility of F. ussuriensis planting field as well as the measurement of total nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium contents in bulbus of F. ussuriensis, the balanced fertilization plan for cultivation of F. ussuriensis was made.

RESULTThe optimal fertilizing amount was 13.0 kg x m(-2) pig dung, or 5.5 kg x m(-2) deer dung and 6.5 kg x m(-2) pig dung, or 11.0 kg x m(-2) deer dung.

CONCLUSIONEffective fertilizing may increase significantly the yield and quality of F. ussuriensis.

Agriculture ; methods ; Biomass ; Fertilizers ; analysis ; Fritillaria ; growth & development ; Soil ; analysis

The bionic cultivation of medicinal plant is an ecological cultivation pattern, which is adopting ecological engineering and modern agricultural techniques to simulate the natural ecosystem of wild medicinal plant community, and has been given greater attention on the agriculture of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). It is also the cross subject that combines Chinese traditional medicine, agronomy, horticulture, ecology, agricultural engineering and management. Moreover, it has significant technology advantages of promoting the sustainable utilization of medicinal plant resources, improving the ecological environment and harmonizing man and nature. So it's important to develop the bionic cultivation of TCM.
Agriculture ; methods ; Ecosystem ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Plants, Medicinal ; growth & development

In order to set up a technical standard for planting Amomum villosum in wood forest in the future, we analyzed the relationship between the ecological factors and the yield of A. villosum planted in five Dimocarpus imocarpus longan wood forests and five miscellaneous wood forests in Yangchun city, to find out the dominant factors that affect the yield of A. villosum. The results showed that agricultural measures of fertilization, artificial irrigation and removing the old plants were positively correlated with the yield of A. villosum, the pesticide spraying and soil pH value were negatively correlated with the yield of A. villosum. But the effects of ecological factors on the yield were not significantly. High yield regions are generally located in the ravine, two sides of mountain stream and other places where water is more adequate. The slope of cultivated field with high yield is generally less than 30°, lighting and ventilation are more appropriate; soil type is generally sandy or loam, shade density is generally about 50%, and pollinators are many in quantity and variety. And we found that there was a large difference in mineral nutrient contents of soils among ten plantations. Results indicate that the yield of A. villosum is determined by the combination of each ecological factor. Suitable light intensity, moisture, ventilation and reasonable fertilization are conductive to increase the yield of A. villosum, but the use of pesticides and soil alkalization hinder the increase of A. villosum production. Too high shade density and the abuse of pesticides may be the main reason for limiting the yield of A. villosum planted in D. longan wood forests. This study has obtained key techniques of the ecological stereoscopic cultivation mode of A. villosum-D. longan, which lays a theoretical foundation for the guidance of farmers in planting A. villosum in the D. Longan forest in the future.
Agriculture ; methods ; Amomum ; growth & development ; Ecology ; Forests ; Soil ; Water

Traditional cultivation of Coptis chinensis was carried out under shield by disafforestation, which has been used for over 300 years and lead to the severe destruction of natural environment. Several ecological modes for cultivation of Coptis chinensis have been developed, which increase the yields of Coptis chinensis, protect the resources of forest, and obtain economic and ecologic benefit.
Agriculture ; methods ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Coptis ; growth & development ; Ecosystem ; Forestry ; methods ; Plants, Medicinal ; growth & development

Studies were initiated for two consecutive years to find out the effect of time of transplanting and seedlings hill(-1) on the productivity of rice in Dera Ismail Khan district of North West Frontier Province (NWFP), Pakistan. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with split plot arrangements. Main plots consisted of four transplanting dates viz. 20th and 27th of June and 4th and 11th of July while sub-plots contained 1, 2, 3 or 4 seedlings hill(-1). Among transplanting dates, June 20th planted crop gave highest paddy yield and net return with 1 seedling hill(-1). It explains that the use of more seedlings hill(-1) not only adds to cost but is also a mere wastage of natural resources. Based on research findings, we conclude that the use of 1 seedling hill(-1) is most appropriate for timely sowing otherwise 4 seedlings hill(-1) should be used to compensate for the yield gap in late transplanted rice.
Agriculture ; methods ; Oryza ; growth & development ; Pakistan ; Seasons ; Seeds ; growth & development ; Temperature

Panax ginseng is the king of herbs and plays important roles in the traditional Chinese medicine industry. In this paper, we summarized the development of ginseng cultivation in China and other main countries, analyzed the effects of ecological factors of soil and climate on ginseng distribution, and investigated the characteristic of main cultivation patterns (conversion of forest to cultivate ginseng soils, cultivated ginseng in the farmland and wild nursery). Aimed at the serious issues in the cultivation, research strategies have been provided to guarantee the sustainable development of the ginseng industry. The patterns of cultivated ginseng in the farmland should be strive to develop; pollution-free cultivation and studies of continuous cropping obstacles should be carried out; ginseng varieties suited to ecological environment of farmland should be bred using modern biotechnology.
Agriculture ; methods ; China ; Climate ; Ecosystem ; Panax ; chemistry ; growth & development ; Soil ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo study the optimum storage methods of Pinellia ternata from Sichuan.

METHODNine methods were used to overwintering storage of the seed-stem of P. ternata from Sichuan. The germination of seed-stem was observed through the following year after planting, then the germination percentage, vigor of germination and germination index were calculated. At the seedling stage, the physiological indexes like rooting number, root length, root activity, chlorophyll content and catalase activity etc. were determined.

RESULTUnder the different storage conditions, all the tested indexes of P. ternata from Sichuan were significantly different between each other (P < 0.05), except the chlorophyll content.

CONCLUSIONThe seed-stem of P. ternata from Sichuan should be preserved in the wet sand (or in soil) in a greenhouse or 4 degrees C refrigerator. Under these conditions, the germinating vigor and growth activity of seed-stem performed the best.

Agriculture ; methods ; Germination ; Pinellia ; growth & development ; physiology ; Plant Stems ; growth & development ; Seeds ; growth & development

OBJECTIVETo study the effects of continuous cropping obstacles on growth of Angelica sinensis.

METHODThe growth indexes, photosynthetic characteristic, activity of leaf protective enzymes, and the yield, essential oil content and extract content were determined.

RESULTContinuous cropping decreased the growth and the yield, essential oil content, extract content of A. sinensis. Photosynthetic pigment, which include Chla and Chlb, and photosynthetic rate of A. sinensis leaves decreased. Activity of leaf SOD, POD and CAT were also inhibited. The content of proline, soluble sugar and MDA increased.

CONCLUSIONThrough decreasing the activity of protective enzymes and their ability of cleaning free radical, continuous cropping made free radical remain in plant so that induced membrane lipid peroxidization, electrolytic leakage became heavier, content of proline and soluble sugar increased. The external manifestation of this influences were that plant growth was inhibited, content of photosynthetic pigments decreased, so did the intensity of photosynthesis and respiration, content of dry mass.

Agriculture ; methods ; Angelica sinensis ; chemistry ; growth & development ; Biomass ; Pigments, Biological ; analysis