No abstract available.
Actinobacillus* ; Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans* ; Clone Cells* ; Cloning, Organism*

No abstract available.
Actinobacillus* ; Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans* ; Animals ; Osteoclasts ; Rats*

No abstract available.
Actinobacillus* ; Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans* ; Apoptosis* ; Humans ; Jurkat Cells*

OBJECTIVETo explore the feasibility of methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) colorimetric method and the applied condition for the normal bacteria in the mouth, as Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans), Streptococcus sanguis (S. sanguis), Haemophilus actinomycetemcomitans (H. actinomycetemcomitans).

METHODSColony forming units (CFU) which was the standard antitheses was used to count bacteria. This study would gain some parameters by changing wavelength, reactive time, dosage and so on. MTT colorimetric method was applied in the counting of S. mutans, S. sanguis and H. actinomycetemcomitans.

RESULTSWhen counting S. mutans, the best wavelength was 510 nm, the best range was 1.5 x 10(5) - 1.0 x 10(7) CFU x mL(-1). When counting S. sanguis, the best wavelength was 545 nm, the best range was 1.5 x 10(5) - 2.0 x 10(7) CFU x mL(-1). When counting H. actinomycetemcomitans, the best wavelength was 557 nm, the best range was 1.0 x 10(6) - 5.0 x 10(7) CFU x mL(-1). MTT colorimetric method can be used for different aged S. mutans, S. sanguis and H. actinomycetemcomitans.

CONCLUSIONOral bacteria could be counted by MTT colorimetric method, which is fast and convenient.

No abstract available.
Actinobacillus* ; Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans* ; Inflammation* ; Interleukin-6* ; Periodontal Pocket* ; Prevotella intermedia* ; Prevotella*

Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) is the lowest concentration of antibiotics that inhibits the visible growth of a microorganism. It has been reported that sub-MIC of antibiotics may result in morphological alterations along with biochemical and physiological changes in bacteria. The purpose of this study was to examine morphological changes of periodontal pathogens after treatment with sub-MIC antibiotics. Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Porphyromonas gingivalis were used in this study. The MIC for amoxicillin, doxycycline, metronidazole, penicillin, and tetracycline were determined by broth dilution method. The bacterial morphology was observed with bright field microscope after incubating with sub-MIC antibiotics. The length of A. actinomycetemcomitans and F. nucleatum were increased after incubation with metronidazole; penicillin and amoxicillin. P. gingivalis were increased after incubating with metronidazole and penicillin. However, F. nucleatum showed decreased length after incubation with doxycycline and tetracycline. In this study, we observed that sub-MIC antibiotics can affect the morphology of periodontal pathogens.
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans ; Amoxicillin ; Anti-Bacterial Agents* ; Bacteria ; Doxycycline ; Fusobacterium nucleatum ; Metronidazole ; Penicillins ; Porphyromonas gingivalis ; Tetracycline

Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) is the lowest concentration of antibiotics that inhibits the visible growth of bacteria. It has been reported that sub-MIC of antibiotics may result in morphological alterations, along with the biochemical and physiological changes in bacteria. The purpose of this study was to examine morphological changes of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, after the treatment with sub-MIC metronidazole and penicillin. The bacterial morphology was observed with scanning electron microscope, after incubating with sub-MIC antibiotics. The length of A. actinomycetemcomitans was increased after the incubation with sub-MIC metronidazole and penicillin. Sub-MIC metronidazole and penicillin inhibited bacterial division and induced long filaments. Our study showed that metronidazole and penicillin can induce the morphological changes in A. actinomycetemcomitans.
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans* ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Bacteria ; Metronidazole* ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning* ; Penicillins*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of photodynamic therapy (PDT) using erythrosine and a green light emitting diode (LED) light source on biofilms of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans attached to resorbable blasted media (RBM) and sandblasted, large-grit, acid-etched (SLA) titanium surfaces in vitro. METHODS: RBM and SLA disks were subdivided into four groups, including one control group and three test groups (referred to as E0, E30, E60), in order to evaluate the effect of PDT on each surface. The E0 group was put into 500 microL of 20 microM erythrosine for 60 seconds without irradiation, the E30 group was put into erythrosine for 60 seconds and was then irradiated with a LED for 30 seconds, and the E60 group was put into erythrosine for 60 seconds and then irradiated with a LED for 60 seconds. After PDT, sonication was performed in order to detach the bacteria, the plates were incubated under anaerobic conditions on brucella blood agar plates for 72 hours at 37degrees C, and the number of colony-forming units (CFUs) was determined. RESULTS: Significant differences were found between the control group and the E30 and E60 groups (P<0.05). A significantly lower quantity of CFU/mL was found in the E30 and E60 groups on both titanium disk surfaces. In confocal scanning laser microscopy images, increased bacterial death was observed when disks were irradiated for a longer period of time. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that PDT using erythrosine and a green LED is effective in reducing the viability of A. actinomycetemcomitans attached to surface-modified titanium in vitro.
Agar ; Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans* ; Bacteria ; Biofilms ; Brucella ; Erythrosine ; Microbial Viability ; Microscopy, Confocal ; Photochemotherapy* ; Sonication ; Stem Cells ; Titanium*

Zea Mays L. has been known to be effective for improving tissue health and Magnoliae cortex to have effective antibacterial and antimicrobial activity against pathogenic microbes. The purpose of this study was to examine the antimicrobial effects of Zea Mays L. and Magnoliae cortex extract mixtures on periodontal pathogens(Prevotella intermedia, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Streptococcus mutans )and to examine the effects on human gingival fibroblast cellular activity. Zea Mays L. and Magnoliae cortex extracts and their mixtures were prepared with various mixing ratios (0.5:1, 1:1, 1.5:1, 2:1). These extracts were loaded to periodontal pathogen cultured petri dish for antimicrobial test and also loaded to cultured human gingival fibroblast for cellular activity test. Each test was repeated 3 times and data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA with 95% confidence level. Mixture of these two extracts showed greater amount of inhibition area on periodontal pathogen and more improved gingival fibroblast activity as Zea Mays L. ratio reduced. So, mixture ratio 0.5:1 (Zea Mays L. : Magnoliae cortex) group showed statistical significance in antimicrobial activity and cellular activity among various mixtures(p<0.05). In conclusion, 0.5:1 (Zea Mays L. : Magnoliae cortex) mixture possessed best gingival fibroblast cellular activity and antimicrobial activity toward periodontal pathogens.
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans ; Fibroblasts* ; Humans* ; Magnolia* ; Porphyromonas gingivalis ; Streptococcus mutans ; Zea mays*

The antibacterial efficacy of a mouthrinse(Denta Gargle) containing CPC(cetylpyridinium chloride), NaF and UDCA(ursodeoxycholic acid), on major periodontopathogens, was in vitro examined and compared with that of Listerine by a broth dilution method. The bacteria tested were Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Bacteroides forsythus, Fusobacterium nucleatum subsp. vincentii, Prevotella intermedia, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Treponema denticola. The growth of all the bacteria were completely inhibited by a 1-min exposure to the both mouthrinses. When diluted at 1:5 or more, all bacteria analyzed but P. intermedia were not inhibited by Listerine. In contrast, Denta Gargle showed highly increased maximum inhibitory dilutions(MID) against all periodontopathogens included in this study, with MIDs ranging from 5-fold(F. nucleatum) to 160-fold dilutions(P. intermedia). The MIDs against A. actinomycetemcomitans, B. forsythus, P. gingivalis and T. denticola. were 1:40, 1:80, 1:80 and 1:80, respectively.
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans ; Bacteria ; Bacteroides ; Cetylpyridinium ; Fusobacterium nucleatum ; Porphyromonas gingivalis ; Prevotella intermedia ; Treponema denticola