No abstract available.
Actinobacillus* ; Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans* ; Apoptosis* ; Humans ; Jurkat Cells*

No abstract available.
Actinobacillus* ; Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans* ; Clone Cells* ; Cloning, Organism*

No abstract available.
Actinobacillus* ; Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans* ; Animals ; Osteoclasts ; Rats*

OBJECTIVETo explore the feasibility of methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) colorimetric method and the applied condition for the normal bacteria in the mouth, as Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans), Streptococcus sanguis (S. sanguis), Haemophilus actinomycetemcomitans (H. actinomycetemcomitans).

METHODSColony forming units (CFU) which was the standard antitheses was used to count bacteria. This study would gain some parameters by changing wavelength, reactive time, dosage and so on. MTT colorimetric method was applied in the counting of S. mutans, S. sanguis and H. actinomycetemcomitans.

RESULTSWhen counting S. mutans, the best wavelength was 510 nm, the best range was 1.5 x 10(5) - 1.0 x 10(7) CFU x mL(-1). When counting S. sanguis, the best wavelength was 545 nm, the best range was 1.5 x 10(5) - 2.0 x 10(7) CFU x mL(-1). When counting H. actinomycetemcomitans, the best wavelength was 557 nm, the best range was 1.0 x 10(6) - 5.0 x 10(7) CFU x mL(-1). MTT colorimetric method can be used for different aged S. mutans, S. sanguis and H. actinomycetemcomitans.

CONCLUSIONOral bacteria could be counted by MTT colorimetric method, which is fast and convenient.

HACEK is a rare cause of prosthetic valve endocarditis (PVE). We describe 42-year-old male patient who presented with Aggregatibacter aphrophilus PVE and cerebral infarct. A. aphrophilus was isolated from his blood cultures as the sole pathogen, which was confirmed by subsequent 16S rRNA sequencing. He was treated with valve replacement surgery and an 8 week course of pathogen-directed antibiotic therapy and followed for 20 months without recurrence.
Adult ; Aggregatibacter aphrophilus ; Endocarditis* ; Heart Valve Prosthesis ; Humans ; Male ; Recurrence

Osteoblasts regulate osteoclastogenesis by production of various cytokines. Aggregatibacter(A) actinomycetemcomitans is one of periodontopathogens which invades gingival tissue. Therefore, clarifying the effect of alive A. actinomycetemcomitans on osteoblasts is important to understand the mechanism of alveolar bone resorption in periodontitis. We investigated induction of osteoclastogenesis- inducing cytokines, adherence, and invasion by A. actinomycetemcomitans in osteoblasts. Osteoblasts were isolated from mouse calvaria and expression of cytokines was determined by RT-PCR. When the ratio of the number of A. actinomycetemcomtians to the number of osteoblasts was 10:1, 50:1 and 100:1, RANKL mRNA expression was increased. A. actinomycetemcomitans also increased expression of macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1alpha, interleukin (IL)-1beta, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha. A. actinomycetemcomitans attached to and invaded osteoblasts at ratio of 1000:1. These results suggest that A. actinomycetemcomitans increases osteoclastogenesis-inducing ability of osteoblasts by stimulating the expression of RANKL, MIP-1alpha, IL-1beta, and TNF-alpha and that invasion of A. actinomycetemcomitans provides a means by which the bacteria escape from immune system and antibiotic therapy.
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans* ; Aggregatibacter* ; Animals ; Bacteria ; Bone Resorption ; Chemokine CCL3 ; Cytokines* ; Immune System ; Interleukins ; Macrophages ; Mice ; Osteoblasts* ; Periodontitis ; RNA, Messenger ; Skull ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; United Nations

Zea Mays L. has been known to be effective for improving tissue health and Magnoliae cortex to have effective antibacterial and antimicrobial activity against pathogenic microbes. The purpose of this study was to examine the antimicrobial effects of Zea Mays L. and Magnoliae cortex extract mixtures on periodontal pathogens(Prevotella intermedia, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Streptococcus mutans )and to examine the effects on human gingival fibroblast cellular activity. Zea Mays L. and Magnoliae cortex extracts and their mixtures were prepared with various mixing ratios (0.5:1, 1:1, 1.5:1, 2:1). These extracts were loaded to periodontal pathogen cultured petri dish for antimicrobial test and also loaded to cultured human gingival fibroblast for cellular activity test. Each test was repeated 3 times and data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA with 95% confidence level. Mixture of these two extracts showed greater amount of inhibition area on periodontal pathogen and more improved gingival fibroblast activity as Zea Mays L. ratio reduced. So, mixture ratio 0.5:1 (Zea Mays L. : Magnoliae cortex) group showed statistical significance in antimicrobial activity and cellular activity among various mixtures(p<0.05). In conclusion, 0.5:1 (Zea Mays L. : Magnoliae cortex) mixture possessed best gingival fibroblast cellular activity and antimicrobial activity toward periodontal pathogens.
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans ; Fibroblasts* ; Humans* ; Magnolia* ; Porphyromonas gingivalis ; Streptococcus mutans ; Zea mays*

No abstract available.
Actinobacillus* ; Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans* ; Inflammation* ; Interleukin-6* ; Periodontal Pocket* ; Prevotella intermedia* ; Prevotella*

The antibacterial efficacy of a mouthrinse(Denta Gargle) containing CPC(cetylpyridinium chloride), NaF and UDCA(ursodeoxycholic acid), on major periodontopathogens, was in vitro examined and compared with that of Listerine by a broth dilution method. The bacteria tested were Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Bacteroides forsythus, Fusobacterium nucleatum subsp. vincentii, Prevotella intermedia, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Treponema denticola. The growth of all the bacteria were completely inhibited by a 1-min exposure to the both mouthrinses. When diluted at 1:5 or more, all bacteria analyzed but P. intermedia were not inhibited by Listerine. In contrast, Denta Gargle showed highly increased maximum inhibitory dilutions(MID) against all periodontopathogens included in this study, with MIDs ranging from 5-fold(F. nucleatum) to 160-fold dilutions(P. intermedia). The MIDs against A. actinomycetemcomitans, B. forsythus, P. gingivalis and T. denticola. were 1:40, 1:80, 1:80 and 1:80, respectively.
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans ; Bacteria ; Bacteroides ; Cetylpyridinium ; Fusobacterium nucleatum ; Porphyromonas gingivalis ; Prevotella intermedia ; Treponema denticola

The aim of the study was to see the total IgG and IgG subclass responses against Aa and Pg in the four early onset periodontitis (EOP) subforms or adult periodontitis (AP). 6 patients consisting of 3 patients from subform I (distinctive LJP pattern), 19 from subform II (post-juvenile periodontitis pattern), 16 from subform III ( LJP pattern but rapidly progressing), 24 from age-matched AP (20-40 years of age) have been selected for the measurements of the total IgG and each IgG subclass against to Pg and the IgG subclass against Aa, respectively. The total IgG titers against to Pg of the subforms I & III had a significantly higher values than subforms II and IV (P<0.05). Among the IgG subclasses, only the lgG3 levels were significantly higher in the subform I than the subform IV(P <0.05). Wide ranges of the antibody titers were noted in all of the EOP subforms and the AP. Except for the subform I, which was typical of localized form, the IgG2 subclass levels to Pg gradually became higher in accordance with the subforms II, III and IV. Both of IgG2 and the IgG4 antibody levels of the EOP were significantly higher than those of AP, while other subclasses were not. All of the four IgG subclass levels to Pg were consistently found to be higher in the younger age group around 20. The levels found to be low around the thirties and then gradually became higher at the ages of late thirties. The IgG2 titer to Aa in the subform I was significantly higher than those of any other subforms. Combinations of IgG1+2+4 were the most frequently found to be elevated followed by the IgG4 only, the IgG2 only, the IgG2+4, the IgG2+3+4, and the IgG1 only, in the descending order.
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans ; Aggressive Periodontitis* ; Chronic Periodontitis ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G* ; Periodontitis ; Porphyromonas gingivalis