With global climate change, the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events have increased, and the possibility of multiple extreme weather events occurring simultaneously or continuously forming compound extreme events has also significantly increased, bringing catastrophic damage to the ecological environment, socio-economic and human health. This study reviewed the changing trends and health risks of consecutive compound heavy precipitation and heatwave extremes. There is currently no unified definition for these types of events, which could be divided into two subcategories: heavy precipitation-heatwave and heatwave-heavy precipitation. Their historical frequency and intensity have increased, and future estimates are also on the rise. The majority of current studies on single extreme events such as heatwaves or heavy precipitation revealed significant adverse health effects. However, few studies focused on the association between compound events of heavy precipitation and heatwave and human health risk. This paper further summarized the current shortcomings in this field and proposed suggestions for future research directions.

With global climate change, the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events have increased, and the possibility of multiple extreme weather events occurring simultaneously or continuously forming compound extreme events has also significantly increased, bringing catastrophic damage to the ecological environment, socio-economic and human health. This study reviewed the changing trends and health risks of consecutive compound heavy precipitation and heatwave extremes. There is currently no unified definition for these types of events, which could be divided into two subcategories: heavy precipitation-heatwave and heatwave-heavy precipitation. Their historical frequency and intensity have increased, and future estimates are also on the rise. The majority of current studies on single extreme events such as heatwaves or heavy precipitation revealed significant adverse health effects. However, few studies focused on the association between compound events of heavy precipitation and heatwave and human health risk. This paper further summarized the current shortcomings in this field and proposed suggestions for future research directions.