Primary hepatic carcinoid tumors are extremely rare although the liver is a frequent site of metastases from intestinal carcinoids. Recently we investigated a case of primary hepatic atypical carcinoid in a 47-year-old man who had infested with Clonorchis sinensis for 20 years. The resected right lobe of the liver was almost completely occupied by a huge tumor, measuring 20 x 19 x 12 cm. The cut surfaces of the mass were solid, soft and pale yellow, accompanied by several small satellite nodules, measuring up to 1.5 cm in diameter. Microscopically, the tumor consisted of polygonal to columnar cells with eosinophilic granular cytoplasm forming Lym-numerous small acini and large trabeculae. Their nuclei were round to polygonal with coarse stone chromatin, had obscure to small nucleoli and frequent mitoses. There were multiple necrotic foci of varing sizes. The surrounding dilated bile ducts contained several degenerating worms on in of Clonorchis sinensis. The tumor cells were argyrophil-positive but argentaffin-negative. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells were positive for cytokeratin, chromogranin and somatostatin but were negative for CEA, AFP, insulin, glucagon, ACTH, growth hormone and volve-prolactin. Ultrastructually, the tumor cells contained variable-sized numerous electron dense of neurosecretory granules.
Male ; Humans ; Neoplasm Metastasis

Development of a malignant tumor within a mature cystic teratoma is a serious event, and occurs in about 1%~4% of cases. The malignant transformation occurs most frequently in the squamous epithelium with the formation of a squamous cell carcinoma. There are 10 cases reported in the literature, in Korea. We report 4 additional cases, which include 3 squamous cell carcinomas and 1 adenosquamous carcinomas, arising in cystic teratoma of the ovary.

Following the introduction of instrumentation for phacoemulsification and vitctomy, many other devices have been deaigned to perform the functions. In the past, there was a serious prblem that fluid flowed from the eye along the path of least resistance and the dutflow rate varied greatly with viscosity and consistency of material in the line. Recently a new computerized instrument the Heslin/Mackool Ocusystem that overcame these flow problems was developed and we studied about early experiences using this new helper. The results were as follows: 1. There was an advantage for time and place due to a single instrument and simple change from E.C.C.E. to vitrectomy. 2. The rupture of posterior capsule in aphakic group and the remained cortical material in pseudophakic group were the most common surgical complications during operation. 3. Descemet's membrane stripping was developed in a high rate due to the sharp titanum-covered cap of the handpiece for phacoemulsification. 4. The posterior capsule opacity was the most common postoperative complication in the group of visual acuity less than 0.5.
Descemet Membrane ; Phacoemulsification* ; Postoperative Complications ; Rupture ; Viscosity ; Visual Acuity ; Vitrectomy*

Nursing Diagnosis has evolved in the guest to define nursing and its functions. But for the application to clinical practice an unified system of terminology that help nurses to assess selected data and identify potential or actual client problems is required. Consistent terminology that captures the real meanings of the nursing diagnosis makes oral and written communication more accurate and efficient. Already we had performed to deliver a Korean -translated version of the 98 nursing diagnoses through the process of content validity tests and translations, and additionally performed to deliver a Korean-translated version of another 17 nursing diagnoses. The list of 17 nursing diagnoses were reviewed by our research team and two linguists, one specialized in Korean and the other in English. 17 diagnoses were mailed to 719 subjects to test content validity from December 10, 1997 to January 24, 1998, Among 719 questionnaires, 185 were used for analysis. Total mean score of the diagnoses was 3.72 on the 5 point likert scale. The diagnoses that acquired less than 3.50 were 'Risk for altered parent/infant/child attachment'(3.28), 'Potential for enhanced organized infant behavior'(3.40), 'Potential for enhanced community coping' & 'Risk for disorganized infant behavior'(3.49). We suggest to conduct tests for validation of related factors and characteristics of these 17 Nursing Diagnosis.
Diagnosis ; Humans ; Infant ; Nursing Diagnosis* ; Nursing* ; Postal Service ; Translations ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Hemangioblastomas comprise 1 to 2% of all intracranial neoplasm, and 8 to 12% of tumors within the posterior fossa. They are composed of admixtures of three different cell types; endothelial cells, pericytes and stromal cells. Although most hemangioblastomas arise sporadically, they are associated with von Hippel-Lindau disease in about 20% cases. We have experienced a case of multiple hemangioblastomas occuiing in the cerebellum, medulla oblongata and cervical spinal cord simultaneously in a 55-year-old male. He had complained of headache, dizziness, generalized weakness and gait disturbance for 2 weeks. The patient had neither specific family history nor increased hematocrit. MRI showed a nonenhancing cystic lesion with an enhancing mural nodule in the right cerebellar hemisphere and two separate enhancing nodules in the medulla oblongata and dorsal cervical spinal cord at the 5-6th. Grossly, the excised mass of the cerebellum, 2.5 x 2 x 1.8cm, was solid to partly cystic, and that of spinal cord, lcm in diameter, was mostly solid. Microscopically, the tumor was composed of thin-walled blood vessels in variable size and interspersed stromal cells. The stromal cells revealed dimorphic cytoplasm that were either homogeneous and eosinophilic, or clear and vacuolated. Immunohistochemically, the endothelial cells reacted positively for glial fibrfllaty acidic protein(GFAP) and vimentin. The stromal cells reacted diffusely positively for vimentin, focally positively for GFAP and S-100 protein near the periphery of the tumor, focally positivel for neuro specipic enolase(NSE), and negatively for lysozyme, desmin and chromogranin. Ultrastructurally, the stromal cells contained numerous microfilaments and lipid droplets.

Hemangioblastomas comprise 1 to 2% of all intracranial neoplasm, and 8 to 12% of tumors within the posterior fossa. They are composed of admixtures of three different cell types; endothelial cells, pericytes and stromal cells. Although most hemangioblastomas arise sporadically, they are associated with von Hippel-Lindau disease in about 20% cases. We have experienced a case of multiple hemangioblastomas occuiing in the cerebellum, medulla oblongata and cervical spinal cord simultaneously in a 55-year-old male. He had complained of headache, dizziness, generalized weakness and gait disturbance for 2 weeks. The patient had neither specific family history nor increased hematocrit. MRI showed a nonenhancing cystic lesion with an enhancing mural nodule in the right cerebellar hemisphere and two separate enhancing nodules in the medulla oblongata and dorsal cervical spinal cord at the 5-6th. Grossly, the excised mass of the cerebellum, 2.5 x 2 x 1.8cm, was solid to partly cystic, and that of spinal cord, lcm in diameter, was mostly solid. Microscopically, the tumor was composed of thin-walled blood vessels in variable size and interspersed stromal cells. The stromal cells revealed dimorphic cytoplasm that were either homogeneous and eosinophilic, or clear and vacuolated. Immunohistochemically, the endothelial cells reacted positively for glial fibrfllaty acidic protein(GFAP) and vimentin. The stromal cells reacted diffusely positively for vimentin, focally positively for GFAP and S-100 protein near the periphery of the tumor, focally positivel for neuro specipic enolase(NSE), and negatively for lysozyme, desmin and chromogranin. Ultrastructurally, the stromal cells contained numerous microfilaments and lipid droplets.

Dihydropyridine (DHP) calcium channel blockers (CCBs) have been widely used to treat of several cardiovascular diseases. An excessive shortening of action potential duration (APD) due to the reduction of Ca2+ channel current (I(Ca)) might increase the risk of arrhythmia. In this study we investigated the electrophysiological effects of nicardipine (NIC), isradipine (ISR), and amlodipine (AML) on the cardiac APD in rabbit Purkinje fibers, voltage-gated K+ channel currents (I(Kr), I(Ks)) and voltage-gated Na+ channel current (I(Na)). The concentration-dependent inhibition of Ca2+ channel currents (I(Ca)) was examined in rat cardiomyocytes; these CCBs have similar potency on I(Ca) channel blocking with IC50 (the half-maximum inhibiting concentration) values of 0.142, 0.229, and 0.227 nM on NIC, ISR, and AML, respectively. However, ISR shortened both APD50 and APD90 already at 1 microM whereas NIC and AML shortened APD50 but not APD90 up to 30 microM. According to ion channel studies, NIC and AML concentration-dependently inhibited I(Kr) and I(Ks) while ISR had only partial inhibitory effects (<50% at 30 microM). Inhibition of I(Na) was similarly observed in the three CCBs. Since the I(Kr) and I(Ks) mainly contribute to cardiac repolarization, their inhibition by NIC and AML could compensate for the AP shortening effects due to the block of I(Ca).
Action Potentials ; Amlodipine ; Animals ; Antihypertensive Agents ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac ; Calcium Channel Blockers* ; Calcium Channels* ; Calcium* ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Inhibitory Concentration 50 ; Ion Channels ; Isradipine ; Myocytes, Cardiac ; Nicardipine ; Purkinje Fibers ; Rats

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of a pruritus intervention program on pruritus and sleep satisfaction in patients undergoing hemodialysis. METHOD: This study was designed for a nonequivalent control group repeated measures quasi-experimental study. Hemodialysis patients were recruited from a kidney center at a university hospital located in G city, Korea. The subjects consisted of 43 patients 21 for the experimental group and 22 for the control group. The 2-week pruritus intervention program was given to the experimental group only.. An analytical survey was done before and after the pruritus intervention program. RESULT: There was a significant decrease in pruritus and increase in sleep satisfaction in the experimental group compared to the control group. There was significant improvement in clinical symptoms and sleep satisfaction after completing the pruritus intervention program in the experimental group. CONCLUSION: Pruritus intervention program in hemodialysis patients decreased pruritus severity and increased sleep satisfaction, which can be used as an efficient nursing intervention for hemodialysis patients.
Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Patient Compliance ; *Patient Education as Topic ; Patient Satisfaction ; Program Evaluation ; Pruritus/etiology/*therapy ; *Renal Dialysis ; Sleep

The purpose of this study was to dcvclop nd test the validity of standardized Korean nome clature based on Nursing Intervention Classi ications (MC), developed by McCloskey and Bul chek at the University of Iowa, The four phases of the study were 1. Two professors and 15 graduate stude ts, who were taking a nursing intervention cours, translated the 433 nursing interventions of IC into Korean 2. 12 nurses with various clinical bac rounds reviewed the nomenclature, taking into nsider ation the definition and activities for each Korean nursing intervention. The Delphi method was used to determine the best appropriate nomenclature for each intervention ~. 20 academic and clinical experts in nursing were given a questionnaire to rate the validity of each Korean nomenclature using a 5 point Likert scale ranging from very inappropriate to very appropriate 4. five members of the Korean Nurses Association Research Committee reviewed the survey results and determined the most appropriate Korean nomenclature for each nursing intei veiition of NIC system. Most nomenclature had a score of more than 4.0, but seven nursing interventions had a score lower than 4.0: Critical Path Development (2.71), Calming Technique ~3.4l), Grief Work Facilitation (3.44), Order Transcription (3.44), Self Modification Assistance (3.44), and Teaching Psycho-motor Skills (3.47). These research results will be included in the nursing vocabulary dictionary to be published by Korean Nurses Association.
Critical Pathways ; Grief ; Iowa ; Nursing ; Vocabulary ; Surveys and Questionnaires

No abstract available.
Animals ; Embryonic Structures* ; Fertilization in Vitro* ; Fetal Blood* ; Humans* ; Mice* ; Quality Control* ; Sperm Motility* ; Spermatozoa*