Phospholipase C (PLC) plays a role in ligand-mediated signal transduction for cellular activity such as proliferation and differentiation. A recent observation that PLC- gamma1 is highly expressed in some kinds of human cancer tissue supports the view that PLC-gamma1 may be involved in proliferation and carcinogenesis. PLC-gamma2 is known to be involved in B cell differentiation and maturation. However, there have been few studies about the expressions of PLC-gamma1 and gamma2 in human lymphoid malignancy. In the present study, we examined the contents of PLC-gamma1 and gamma2 in 10 cases of B cell, 10 cases of T cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and 5 cases of Hodgkin's lymphoma to find out whether these enzymes play any role in the carcinogenesis by immunohistochemistry and immunoprecipitation. Immunoprecipitation analysis revealed that in contrast to increased expression of PLC-gamma2 only in B cell lymphoma, a considerably higher level of PLC-gamma1 was detected in both B and T cell lymphoma. Immunohistochemical finding confirmed this observation. PLC-gamma1 and PLC-gamma2 were expressed in the cytoplasm of most tumor cells. PLC-gamma2 was also expressed in mature B cells, while PLC-gamma1 was not expressed in reactive non-tumor cells. These results suggest that PLC-gamma1 mediated signal transduction implicates a significant role in the carcinogenesis of all types of lymphoid tissue, and PLC-gamma2 may play a role in the carcinogenesis of B cell lymphoma as well as B cell differentiation.
B-Lymphocytes ; Carcinogenesis ; Cell Differentiation ; Cytoplasm ; Hodgkin Disease* ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Immunoprecipitation ; Lymphoid Tissue ; Lymphoma, B-Cell ; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin ; Lymphoma, T-Cell ; Phospholipases* ; Signal Transduction ; Type C Phospholipases

BACKGROUND: In the early stages of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), it can be difficult to recognize minimal morphological changes in the bone marrow (BM). In particular, when the quality of the BM biopsy is poor, determining BM involvement is limited to microscopic findings on BM aspiration. In this study, we compared the results of clonal immunoglobulin (IG) gene rearrangements with BM morphology results in B-cell NHL patients who underwent BM analysis as a staging workup and evaluated the usefulness of the clonal IG gene rearrangements for staging. METHODS: Forty two B-cell NHL patients were analyzed. Clonal rearrangements of the IG heavy chain (IGH), kappa light chain (IGK) and lambda light chain (IGL) genes were detected using the IdentiClone(TM) Clonality assay (InVivoScribe Technologies, USA). Clinical characteristics and outcomes were evaluated based on the detection of monoclonal IG gene rearrangements. RESULTS: Monoclonal IG gene rearrangements were found in 9 of 42 patients (21.4%). Microscopic BM involvement was found in only 2 of 42 patients (4.8%). The monoclonality rate of IG genes in BM was correlated with clinical stage and the international prognostic index (P<0.01). Patients with monoclonal IG gene rearrangements in BM had a significantly higher relapse rate (P=0.014) and poorer overall survival at 2 yr (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Clonality analysis of BM in B-cell NHL can contribute to identification of patients with occult BM involvement with a significantly poorer overall survival despite normal BM histology.
B-Lymphocytes* ; Biopsy ; Bone Marrow* ; Gene Rearrangement ; Genes, Immunoglobulin* ; Humans ; Immunoglobulins ; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin* ; Recurrence

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Appendiceal mucocele is relatively rare disease, however early diagnosis and adequate treatment is important because the rupture of mucocele during operation may results in pseudomyxoma peritonei which is fatal. Colonoscopy is very important tool to diagnose the mucocele of appendix earlier period. METHODS: We retrospectively analysed the medical records of ten cases of appendiceal mucoceles which were suspected by colonoscopy and surgically confirmed from January 1997 to March 2004. RESULTS: There was no gender difference and mean age was 55 years old. The colonoscopic findings of appendiceal mucocele were a type of submucosal tumor and the orifice of appendix was not seen in all the cases. The size was variable from 2.5 cm to 5.0 cm and the shape was spherical in majority, but one case of appendiceal mucocele lately diagnosed as mucinous cystadenocarcinoma had elongated, oval shape. The histologic diagnosis after resection were as follows: mucosal hyperplasia 4 cases (40%), mucinous cystadenoma 5 cases (50%) and mucinous cystadenocarcinoma 1 case (10%). CONCLUSIONS: Colonoscopy is an important diagnostic tool for suspecting appendiceal mucocele. It is important to confirm by surgical resection of appendiceal mucocele which is found even incidentally by colonoscopy.
Appendix ; Colonoscopy ; Cystadenocarcinoma, Mucinous ; Cystadenoma, Mucinous ; Diagnosis ; Early Diagnosis ; Humans ; Hyperplasia ; Medical Records ; Middle Aged ; Mucocele* ; Pseudomyxoma Peritonei ; Rare Diseases ; Retrospective Studies ; Rupture

Cardiac metastases of renal cell carcinomas are rare, and usually clinically silent. A case of a 53-year-old man without a significant medical history, who presented with ventricular tachycardia, which resulted in a cardiac mass of the right ventricle is reported. On chest X-ray, echocardiography, CT scanning, esophagogastroduode-noscopy and MRI, multiple metastatic masses were observed in both lungs, and the kidneys, adrenal, stomach and right ventricle. The kidney mass and the gastric polyp were revealed on biopsy to be a renal cell carcinoma mixed with sarcomatoid and conventional types.
Adult* ; Biopsy ; Carcinoma, Renal Cell* ; Echocardiography ; Heart Ventricles ; Humans ; Kidney ; Lung ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Polyps ; Stomach ; Tachycardia, Ventricular* ; Thorax ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Low-grade B cell mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma makes up 8% of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. It has been characterized by a prolonged clinical course and persistent disease at the site of origin. Most patients with low-grade B cell MALT lymphoma occur in the stomach, orbit, intestine, lung, thyroid, salivary gland, skin, soft tissues, bladder, kidney, and central nervous system. The diagnosis of MALT lymphoma can be established by a characteristic finding of infiltration of small lymphocytes that are monoclonal B cell and CD5 negative. Bone marrow involvement seems uncommom but has been developed. Waldenstr m's macroglobulinemia (WM) is usually defined as bone marrow infiltration of lymphoplasmacytoid lymphocytes with a high level of circulating macroglobulin IgM. Lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly occurs in 20~40% of WM. It is very hard work to do differential diagnosis between disseminated low-grade B cell MALT lymphoma and WM with organ involvement by a bone marrow examination. We reprot one case of low grade mediastinal MALT lymphoma with bone marrow involvement and a high level of serum monoclonal IgM with clinical appearance of WM.
Bone Marrow ; Bone Marrow Examination ; Central Nervous System ; Diagnosis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin M ; Intestines ; Kidney ; Lung ; Lymphatic Diseases ; Lymphocytes ; Lymphoid Tissue ; Lymphoma ; Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone* ; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin ; Mediastinum* ; Orbit ; Salivary Glands ; Skin ; Splenomegaly ; Stomach ; Thyroid Gland ; Urinary Bladder ; Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia*