PURPOSE: This study was conducted to identify health promotion lifestyle (HPL), farmers' syndrome and related factors of workers in agricultural industry. METHODS: A total of 454 agricultural workers were selected through convenient sampling. Data were collected from July 1 to August 10, 2009. Data analysis included frequency, t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe test, and stepwise multiple regression using SPSS/WIN 17.0. RESULTS: 1. The mean score of HPL was 3.30 and the prevalence of farmers' syndrome was 29.3%. 2. Analysis of farmers' syndrome showed there were statistically significant differences for gender, age, sleeping time, perceived health status, breakfast and exercise. 3. Gender, age, perceived health status, breakfast and exercise were identified as variables influencing the farmers' syndrome. CONCLUSION: This study suggested that we should develop health promotion programs for workers of agricultural industry considering these results.
Farmers ; Breakfast ; Health Promotion ; Life Style ; Prevalence ; Statistics as Topic

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to identify correlations among internet games addiction (IGA), self-esteem and physical health in middle school students. METHODS: A total of 428 middle school students were selected through simple random sampling. Data were collected from the 15th to 30th of March, 2006. Data were analyzed using SPSS/PC program by frequency, chi2-test, t-test, ANOVA, Duncan test, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and Stepwise Multiple Regression. RESULTS: 1. According to the results of analyzing the degree of IGA, the addicted group was 1.9%. 2. Analysis of IGA according to the general characteristics showed that there were statistically significant differences in on-line friend, using time and major leisure. 3. Analysis of physical health according to the general characteristics showed that there were statistically significant differences in on-line friend and off-line friend. 4. IGA was in a significantly negative correlation with selfesteem. 5. In the results of regression, using time was identified as a factor influencing the IGA. CONCLUSION: Considering the results above, we need to develop IGA prevention programs to enhance physical health and self-esteem and to control using time.
Friends ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin A ; Internet* ; Leisure Activities ; Self Concept

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship between family stress and health promoting behavior (HPB) of the dual earner couples. METHODS: The subjects were 312 dual earner couples selected from G city by convenient sampling. The data were collected from October 1 to November 10, 2009, and analyzed using frequencies, t-test, ANOVA, Duncan test, and Pearson's correlation coefficient with the SPSS/WIN 17.0. RESULTS: The mean score of family stress and HPB on the subjects were 2.98 and 3.29 respectively. Family stress showed a significant difference according to monthly income. HPB showed a significant difference according to exercise, smoking, and drinking. HPB had a significantly positive correlation with family stress. CONCLUSION: This study suggested that we should develop programs to increase regular exercise and to quit drinking and smoking for the dual earner couples in occupational health nursing.
Drinking ; Family Characteristics ; Humans ; Occupational Health Nursing ; Smoke ; Smoking

No abstract available.
Depression ; Humans ; Internet*

BACKGROUND: There is significant inter-laboratory variation in the ABO antibody (Ab) titer levels of blood samples because a standardized method has not yet been developed. The aim of this study was to identify the best conditions for the preparation of the red blood cell (RBC) suspensions so as to aid the development of a standard ABO Ab titration method. METHODS: Serum samples from apparently healthy adults and RBCs from three different sources (residual EDTA blood from healthy adults, donor blood in citrate-phosphate-dextrose-adenine-1 [CPDA-1], and a commercially available RBC reagent) were used for Ab titrations. We measured the titers for each blood group under various conditions, including the time period of storage (days), the ratio of serum to RBC volume, and the RBC sources. The techniques for room temperature incubation and the indirect antiglobulin test were used for the tube and the gel card test. RESULTS: A storage period of 6 to 7 days significantly affected the Ab titers. Samples with 3% RBCs in a 1:1 serum to RBC volume ratio had significantly lower Ab titers than those with 2% RBCs in a 1:1 ratio or those with 3% RBCs in a 2:1 ratio. There were no significant differences in the Ab titers of RBCs from different sources. CONCLUSIONS: To reduce inter-laboratory variations in ABO Ab titrations, using RBC suspension within five days of storage and applying ratio of serum to RBC volume to 2:1 with 3% RBC in the tube test will be helpful when using home-made RBC suspension.
ABO Blood-Group System ; Adult ; Coombs Test ; Edetic Acid ; Erythrocytes* ; Humans ; Suspensions* ; Tissue Donors

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of taekwon aerobic on obesity indices and cardiovascular risk factors in middle-aged obese women. METHOD: Data were collected from 19 middle-aged obese women who participated in taekwon aerobic exercise. This research adopted one-group pretest-posttest design. Taekwon aerobic was applied 3 times in a week for 12 weeks, and the obesity indices and cardiovascular risk factors were checked before and after the program. Body weight, BMI and % body fat for obesity indices were checked, and total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol and the ratio of total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol for cardiovascular risk factors were measured. The data was analyzed by paired t-test using SPSS/Win 10.0. RESULTS: There were significant differences in body weight, BMI and % body fat after the taekwon aerobic exercise. There was a significant difference in total cholesterol. However, there were no significant differences in triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol and the ratio of total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol after the taekwon aerobic exercise. CONCLUSION: This study showed that taekwon aerobic exercise decreased obesity indices and lowered total cholesterol in the cardiovascular risk factors. The results of this study show that taekwon aerobic exercise is effective in enhancing the health of middle-aged obese women.
Adipose Tissue ; Body Weight ; Cholesterol ; Exercise* ; Female ; Humans ; Obesity* ; Risk Factors* ; Triglycerides

The time course and magnitude of change in mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) following a single rapid intravenous injection of 1ug/kg and 2ug/kg of sodium nitro prusside(SNP) were determined in 10 anesthetized patients. The results were as follows: 1) MAP began to decrease 15 seconds after both 1ug/kg and 2ug/kg of SNP and was maximal after 90 seconds with return toward control apparent by 3 minutes and complete after 5 to 6 minutes(Fig. 1). 2) The magnitude of decrease in MAP after SNP was dose related whereas onset and duration of blood pressure changes were not influenced by the SNP dose. 3) HR did not change significantly after either dose of SNP. SNP is a potent, rapid acting antihypertensive drug which produces arteriolar vasodilation and prevention of hypertension and is particularly important in patients with decreased myocardial reserve or intracranial pathology.
Arterial Pressure* ; Blood Pressure ; Heart Rate* ; Heart* ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Injections, Intravenous ; Nitroprusside* ; Pathology ; Sodium* ; Vasodilation

BACKGROUND: Blood CD4+ T-lymphocyte (T4) count is a major clinical marker for the diagnosis and management of AIDS, and flow cytometry is considered the gold standard for T4 enumeration. Our aim was to compare the 2-color and 4-color flow cytometric methods for T-cell subset analysis in HIV-infected patients. METHODS: T-cell subsets such as T3, T4, T8, and CD3+CD4-CD8- double negative T cells (DN T) were analyzed from the whole blood of 40 HIV-infected patients by using both 2-color and 4-color methods on a Cytomics FC500 analyzer. Statistical analyses using simple linear regression, paired t-tests, and Bland-Altman plots were performed. RESULTS: The measured T3 (%), T4 (%), T4 (/microL), T8 (%), T8 (/microL), and DN T (%) differed significantly between the 2 methods (P<0.05), whereas the T4/T8 ratio did not. T3 (%), T4 (%), T4 (/microL), T8 (%), T8 (/microL), and T4/T8 measured by the 2 methods showed good correlation, with correlation coefficients above 0.96, whereas DN T (%) did not. The mean differences in T4 (%) and T8 (%) were 0.39% (limit of agreement (LoA), -1.64~2.43) and 1.26% (LoA, -3.37~5.89), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Although there were statistically significant differences in the T cell subsets measured between the 2 methods, the differences were minor, and the 2 methods showed good correlation. As confirmed in this study, DN T (%) estimated by the 2-color method is lower than the actual value. We suggest that although the 2 methods can be used interchangeably, the 4-color method is recommended for the analysis of some specific subpopulations such as DN T (%).
Biomarkers ; Flow Cytometry ; HIV ; Humans ; Linear Models ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets ; T-Lymphocytes

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to analyze the health concerns, health behavior, and related factors for elders taking part in activities at senior centers. METHOD: A total of 811 elders were selected through conveniently sampling. Data were collected from November 21, 2006 to December 20, 2006. Data analysis included frequency, t-test, ANOVA, Duncan test, and Stepwise Multiple Regression using SPSS Win 15.0. RESULTS: For health concerns statistically significant differences were found for gender, age, family, pockety money, sleeping time, regular health check-ups, and exercise. For health behavior statistically significant differences were found for gender, age, family, pocket money, religion, medical insurance, perceived health status, sleeping time, regular health check-ups, chronic illness, regular breakfast, exercise, and drinking. Perceived health status was identified as a variable influencing the health behavior. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that perceived health status can be considered as factor for significant nursing interventions to help single elders and older elders in senior centers.
Breakfast ; Chronic Disease ; Drinking ; Health Behavior* ; Humans ; Insurance ; Nursing ; Senior Centers* ; Statistics as Topic

Uremic patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD) therapy are prone to develop encephalopathy, but the cause is often unclear. Clinical signs of encephalopathy in the uremic patient often overlap with several other affections causing neurological disorders. Chorea or hemichorea occurs very rare, when basal ganglia are injured in HD patients. We hereby report a case of hemichorea of unknown cause in a hemodialysis patients. A 57-year-old diabetic HD patient was presented with sudden onset of right hemichorea. We could not find causes of hemichorea such as hyperglycemia, hepatic failure, drug, hyponatremia, and thiamine deficiency. T1-weighted MRI demonstrated hyperintense lesion limited to the left basal ganglion. Hemichorea disappeared completely 6 months after the onset with support care.