Endometriosis is a common, benign, and chronic gynecologic disorder. It is an Estrogen dependent disease that can cause pelvic pain, dysmenorrhea, and infertility. GnRH agonists, Danazol, progestogens, and oral contraceptives have been conventionally used for the medical treatment of endometriosis. Increasing knowledge about endometriosis has introduced more new targeted agents for endometriosis. Further study might be required to evaluate effectiveness and safety of new agents.
Contraceptives, Oral ; Danazol ; Dysmenorrhea ; Endometriosis ; Estrogens ; Female ; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone ; Infertility ; Pelvic Pain ; Progestins

Endometriosis is a common, benign and chronic gynecologic disorder. It is an estrogen dependent disease that can cause pelvic pain, dysmenorrhea and infertility. Because of its high rate of recurrence, medication after surgery is inevitable. GnRH agonist, Danazol, progestogen and oral contraceptive have been conventionally used for the medical treatment of endometriosis. However, systemic side effects of those agents restrict their usage as long-term management. Increasing knowledge about the pathogenesis of endometriosis has introduced new agents which were more targeted and specified for the prevention of recurrence of endometriosis.
Danazol ; Dysmenorrhea ; Endometriosis ; Estrogens ; Female ; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone ; Infertility ; Pelvic Pain ; Recurrence

Unicornuate uterus with a rudimentary horn hematometra and bicornuate uterus with unilateral hematometra is rare congenital anatomic anomalys of the female genital system. these patients present with dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, pelvic mass, urinary tract anomalies and pelvic endometriosis. We have experienced a case of rudimentary uterine horn hematometra with agenesis of ipsilateral kidney and pelvic endometriosis in a 18 years old girl and a case of bicornuate uterus with unilateral hematometra associated with agenesis of ipsilateral kidney and pelvic endometriosis in a 14 years old girl. and we treated by laparoscopic management. So we report two cases with a brief review of literatures.
Adolescent ; Animals ; Dysmenorrhea ; Dyspareunia ; Endometriosis* ; Female ; Hematometra ; Horns ; Humans ; Kidney* ; Urinary Tract ; Uterus

Carcinoma of lung is classified by histologic cell type, this is based on predominant major cell population by tissue specimen. But in fact a range of 13% to 63% of lung cancer has been appeared to be heterogeneous cell type at the light microscopic level. After treatment of the mixed lung cancer and/or with time there are reports that cell type is changed. Because it is possible that the tumor were pleomorphic and that the antitumor therapy eliminated the more sensitive cell population and permitted the subsequent emergence of the more resistant cell population. The authors reported here, a case of 32 year old female patient with mixed lung cancer composed of three cell type, and this is the first case in Korea.
Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Korea ; Lung ; Lung Neoplasms ; Population Characteristics

BACKGROUND: The maintenance of low central venous pressure (LCVP) induced by fluid restriction and nitroglycerin administration reduces the overall blood loss during major hepatic resections. We studied the postoperative renal function in hepatectomized patients under LCVP maintenance with nitroglycerin. In addition, the renal effect of low dose dopamine combined with nitroglycerin was evaluated. Methods: A total of 60 patients were randomly divided into two groups: a nitroglycerin group (n = 30), and a nitroglycerin and dopamine group (n = 30). During the Pringle maneuver the central venous pressure (CVP) was maintained at < 5 mmHg in both groups. The nitroglycerin group received 0.5-1microgram/kg/min nitroglycerin before and during the Pringle maneuver, but in nitroglycerin and dopamine group, 3microgram/kg/min dopamine was administered with nitroglycerin. Mean arterial pressure, CVP, and urine output were measured before, during, and after the Pringle maneuver. BUN and serum creatinine were measured on postoperative days 1 and 3. Results: No significant differences were observed between the mean arterial pressures, CVPs, or urine outputs of the two groups. In both groups, urine output reduced after the Pringle maneuver but increased more in the nitroglycerin and dopamine group than in the nitroglycerin control group after anesthesia. There was no overall statistical change in either BUN or creatinine in either group. Conclusions: We conclude that LCVP induced by nitroglycerin with the Pringle maneuver during hepatectomy does not cause postoperative renal dysfunction, and that the use of low dose dopamine with nitroglycerin has no meaning in terms of preventing renal dysfunction in this situation.
Anesthesia ; Arterial Pressure ; Central Venous Pressure* ; Creatinine ; Dopamine* ; Hepatectomy* ; Humans ; Nitroglycerin

The tumorous type of endobronchial tuberculosis was reported to be 5 to 10% in the bronchoscopic examination. It was protruding mass that tuberculous mediastinal lymph node ruptured into the bronchial lumen. Generally histologic examination has been performed for purpose of differentiation, because the tumorous type of endobronchial tuberculosis simulate lung cancer in bronchoscopic finding. A case considering operation similar to bronchial adenoma in the bronchoscopic finding was confirmed to endobronchial tuberculosis by positive AFB and disapperance of mass after antituberculosis medication. Case history was presented and reviewed.
Adenoma* ; Bronchoscopy ; Lung Neoplasms ; Lymph Nodes ; Tuberculosis*

Objectives: ：Cancer diagnosis causes significant distress while it may also bring positive change: post-traumatic growth. This study was conducted to analyze factors that affect post-traumatic growth. Methods: ：Medical records of 52 cancer patients who received psychiatric treatment at a university hospital in Seoul were reviewed and the correlation between post-traumatic growth and following factors were analyzed: Resilience, Anxious thoughts and tendencies, Mindful attention awareness, Acceptance attitude Results: ：Using Multiple Generalized Linear model, a positive correlation was found between post-traumatic growth and resilience (B=1.45, p<0.0001), mindful attention awareness (B=0.58, p=0.0030) and acceptance attitude (B=1.29, p=0.0003), while anxious thoughts and tendencies (B=-0.84, p<0.0001) had negative association. Conclusions ：Factors that have a positive impact on post-traumatic growth were resilience, mindful attention awareness, acceptance attitude and a factor with a negative impact was anxious thoughts and tendencies; Factors that impact post-traumatic growth need to be taken into account, when approaching the treatment of cancer patients.

BACKGROUND: Depression is a frequent comorbid disease of chronic pain patients. This study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of depression and to correlate associated factors and depression in patients with lumbar spinal stenosis. METHODS: The data of this survey was collected from 97 patients that visited our pain clinic for the management of lumbar spinal stenosis. Depression was examined by a self-reported survey using the Korean version of the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). The Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and the life satisfaction scale score were also obtained. Demographic and clinical characteristics (including spouse status, employment status, smoking status, the number of patients with multiple painful areas, the number of patients with combined disease, pain duration, visual analogue scale, Roland 5-point scale and walking distance) were obtained from an interview with the patient. The patients were divided into group N (BDI < or = 14, n = 43) and group D (BDI > 14, n = 54) according to the BDI scale. Of the 97 patients, 55.7% had a high BDI score. RESULTS: The patients in group N had a higher rate of employment (48.0%, P < 0.05) and had higher life satisfaction scale scores (9.4 +/- 2.5, P < 0.01) as compared to group D patients. The BDI score showed a close correlation with employment status and the life satisfaction scale. CONCLUSIONS: Many lumbar spinal stenosis patients had high BDI scores. Employment status and the life satisfaction scale were closely correlated with the BDI score.
Chronic Pain ; Depression* ; Employment ; Humans ; Pain Clinics ; Prevalence ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Spinal Stenosis* ; Spouses ; Walking

Paratubal cysts come from paraovarium of the broad ligament between the fallopian tube and ovary. Overall, these cysts constitute 10% of all adnexal masses and are commonly incidental findings upon surgical exploration for other reasons. They more commonly occur in women between 30 and 40 years of age. We report two cases of rapidly growing, huge paratubal cysts in young women, which are presented with brief review of literature.
Broad Ligament ; Fallopian Tubes ; Female ; Humans ; Incidental Findings ; Ovary ; Parovarian Cyst

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: This study was conducted to investigate the effect of a corn silk extract on improving benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). MATERIALS/METHODS: The experimental animals, 6-week-old male Wistar rats, were divided into sham-operated control (Sham) and experimental groups. The experimental group, which underwent orchiectomy and received subcutaneous injection of 10 mg/kg of testosterone propionate to induce BPH, was divided into a Testo Only group that received only testosterone, a Testo+Fina group that received testosterone and 5 mg/kg finasteride, a Testo+CSE10 group that received testosterone and 10 mg/kg of corn silk extract, and a Testo+CSE100 group that received testosterone and 100 mg/kg of corn silk extract. Prostate weight and concentrations of dihydrotestosterone (DHT), 5α-reductase 2 (5α-R2), and prostate specific antigen (PSA) in serum or prostate tissue were determined. The mRNA expressions of 5α-R2 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in prostate tissue were also measured. RESULTS: Compared to the Sham group, prostate weight was significantly higher in the Testo Only group and decreased significantly in the Testo+Fina, Testo+CSE10, and Testo+CSE100 groups (P < 0.05), results that were consistent with those for serum DHT concentrations. The concentrations of 5α-R2 in serum and prostate as well as the mRNA expression of 5α-R2 in prostate were significantly lower in the Testo+Fina, Testo+CSE10, and Testo+CSE100 groups than that in the Testo Only group (P < 0.05). Similarly, the concentrations of PSA in serum and prostate were significantly lower in the Testo+Fina, Testo+CSE10, and Testo+CSE100 groups (P < 0.05) than in the Testo Only group. The mRNA expression of PCNA in prostate dose-independently decreased in the Testo+CSE-treated groups (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: BPH was induced through injection of testosterone, and corn silk extract treatment improved BPH symptoms by inhibiting the mRNA expression of 5α-R2 and decreasing the amount of 5α-R2, DHT, and PSA in serum and prostate tissue.
Animals ; Dihydrotestosterone ; Finasteride ; Humans ; Injections, Subcutaneous ; Male ; Models, Animal* ; Orchiectomy ; Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen ; Prostate ; Prostate-Specific Antigen ; Prostatic Hyperplasia* ; Rats* ; Rats, Wistar ; RNA, Messenger ; Silk* ; Testosterone ; Testosterone Propionate ; Zea mays*