PURPOSE: This study used MDS-HC 2.0 to identify health problems in the elderly who live alone. METHOD: The subjects of this study were 100 living-alone elders aged over 65 in Daegu city. This study was performed through home visiting interviews during the period from the 1st of September to the 30th of September 2005. Analysis in this study was made using SPSS Version 11.0. RESULTS: Frequent health problems in the living-alone elderly were: preventive heath measure (90), health promotion (80), social function (78), visual function (75), depression and anxiety (61), pain and communication disorder (60), cognition (55), environmental assessment (48) and oral health (45) in order of frequency. Informal services were provided to 73% of the subjects for emotional support. IADL services were provided to 57% of the subjects, and ADL services to 66%. CONCLUSION: Nursing intervention programs based on health problems from MDS-HC 2.0 should be provided in order to cope with individual health problems and living-alone elders needs. The results of this study suggest that MDS-HC 2.0 is applicable to help decide nursing interventions for the elderly who live alone in community.
Activities of Daily Living ; Aged* ; Anxiety ; Cognition ; Communication Disorders ; Daegu ; Depression ; Health Promotion ; House Calls ; Humans ; Nursing ; Oral Health

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between the hemodialysis unit nurses' experience of verbal abuse, job stress, burnout, and turnover intention, and to identify the explained variances for turnover intention. METHODS: The research design was a descriptive survey using a probability sampling. The data were measured using self-report questionnaires from 231 hemodialysis unit nurses in seven cities in Korea and were analyzed with SPSS 20.0. RESULTS: The mean scores were 2.45±0.62 (out of 5) for experience of verbal abuse, 2.40±0.26 (out of 4) for job stress, 2.31±0.48 (out of 4) for burnout, and 3.16±0.05 (out of 5) for turnover intention. There were significant correlations among the experience of verbal abuse, job stress, burnout, and turnover intention within the hemodialysis unit nurses. Factors influencing turnover intention were 'burnout' (β=.42, p<.001) and 'job stress' (β=.17, p=.015)which explained 42% of the variance (F=15.98, p<.001). CONCLUSION: Results suggest that in order to reduce nurses' turnover intention, nurse managers should explore strategies to reduce nurses' burnout and job stress in nurses in hemodialysis units.
Humans ; Intention* ; Korea ; Nurse Administrators ; Renal Dialysis* ; Research Design

OBJECTIVE: Neonatal blood pressure is one of the vital signs used to assess the general health of a newborn infant. But, it is difficult to measure and varies according to the model of sphygmomanometer, the used method, the postconceptional age, birth weight, asphyxia, postnatal age and activity. We have assessed the rnean value of blood pressure(BP) according to postconceptional age. Variations caused by the postconceptional age, birth weight, body surface area(BSA), postnatal age, and sex were analyzed to determine the rnost important factor influencing the neonatal BP. METHODS: This study included 448 normal fullterm infants and healthy preterm infants born from Jan. 1995 to Aug. 1997 at Ewha Dongdaemoon and Mokdong Hospital. The BP was taken on day 1, 3, 5 with the oscillometric device(Dinamap 1846 critikon Inc.), for premature infants BP was followed up every week afterward. RESULTS: The neonatal BP was related to the postconceptional age(R=0.204, P<0.05), BSA(R =0.191, P<0.05), birth weight(R=0.183, P<0.05) and the postnatal age in fullterm infants(R=0.022, P<0.05) but not with the sex of the infant. The postconceptional age was the most significant variable among those influencing the BP. The normal value of the systolic and the diastolic BP was expressed as mean+/-2SD according to the postconceptional age, less than 28 weeks(n=27) systolic/diastolic pressure 50.4+/-23.1mmHg/26.2+/-12.8mmHg, 28-32weeks(n= 63) 60.1+/- 30.6mmHg/33.6+/-16.7mmHg, 32-36weeks(n = 139) 63.2+/- 20.4mmHg/37.7+/- 19.8 mmHg, 36- 40weeks(n=543) 65.6+/-18.5mmHg/38.6+/-17.3mmHg, more than 40weeks(n= 136) 67.7+/-16,9mmHg/39.3+/- 15.8mmHg. The increase in blood prssure with the postconceptional age was statistically significant. CONCLUSION: The normal range of neonatal BP, especially preterm infants, was presented, and it would be much valuable for the evaluation of BP in neonate if standardized by postconceptional age.
Asphyxia ; Birth Weight ; Blood Pressure* ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Parturition ; Reference Values* ; Sphygmomanometers ; Vital Signs

Porokeratosis (mibelli's disease) is a chronic, heritable disorder of the skin, which has a regular dominant limitation to the male sex. This is characterized by localized areas of faulty keratinization resulting in the cornoid lamella, the morphologic and histologic hallmakr of the disease process. Histogenesis is best explained as a mutant clonal keratosis of epidermis, these clonal cells are probably ingerited. A case of porokeratosis Mibelli is reported with its clinical, histological evaluation and review of articles.
Epidermis ; Humans ; Keratosis ; Male ; Porokeratosis* ; Skin

PURPOSE: This study aims to investigate the relationships between knowledge on advance directive, attitudes towards the withdrawal of life-sustaining treatment and quality of life among hemodialysis patients. METHODS: A descriptive correlational study was conducted with 103 hemodialysis patients. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire from May to September of 2016, and analysed by using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA and Pearson correlation coefficient. RESULTS: The participants' knowledge level on advance directive was 5.47±2.08 out of 9, the attitudes towards the withdrawal of life-sustaining treatment was 3.22±0.49 out of 5, and the quality of life was 3.35±0.92 out of 6. The knowledge on advance directive was positively correlated with attitudes towards the withdrawal of life-sustaining treatment (r=.21, p=.037) and quality of life (r=.21, p=.036). CONCLUSION: According to the results of this study, the level of knowledge on advance directive is preferred to improve the quality of life of hemodialysis patients. It is needed to support and maintain ongoing education opportunities in order to improve the level of knowledge on advance directive among patients undergoing hemodialysis.
Advance Directives* ; Education ; Humans ; Quality of Life* ; Renal Dialysis*

No abstract available.
Apgar Score* ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration* ; Infant, Newborn*

PURPOSE: The study was done to examine hemodialysis unit nurses' knowledge on blood-borne infections, compliance and barriers to control and predictors of compliance. METHODS: A descriptive correlational study was conducted with 122 nurses from hemodialysis units. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire. The data collection period was May to September, 2017. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation, and multiple linear regression. RESULTS: The mean score for knowledge on blood-borne infections was 15.41±2.01 out of 19 and the compliance with blood-borne infection control was 4.08±0.49 out of 5. Barriers to the performance of blood-borne infections control were lack of time and personal protective devices. Knowledge on blood-borne infection did not correlate with compliance on blood-borne infection control (r=.13, p=.171). Predictors of compliance on blood-borne infections control were 1) infection control education on injuries caused by injection needles (β=.23, p=.010), 2) infection control room (β=.24, p=.006) and 3) blood exposure experience over the past week (β=-.24, p=.005) and explained 22.2% of the variance (F=10.81, p < .001). CONCLUSION: Findings suggest that to improve the performance of blood-borne infectious disease management, customized education for nurses on blood-borne infection and systematic support related to the infection control room should be given priority.
Communicable Diseases ; Compliance ; Data Collection ; Education ; Humans ; Infection Control ; Linear Models ; Needles ; Protective Devices ; Renal Dialysis

No abstract available.
Blood Pressure* ; Body Mass Index*

In systemic hypertension, capillary resistance is highly elevated and' contractility of vascular smooth muscle is elevated. This is due to increased calcium uptake into the sarcoplasmic reticulum of the vascular smooth muscle. Recently, nifedipine, an antihypertensive medication which inhibits calcium uptake into the vascular smooth muscle is commonly used. It decreases the contractility of the vascular smooth muscle and causes the vessels to relax, which in turn lowers the blood pressure. In 1987, according to Rodriguez-Sargent et al. the increased incidence of cataract in Dahl-salt sensitive rats(DSR) was due to increasd water and sodium contents and decreased potassium content. In this investigative study on hypertension, the water, Sodium and potassium contents in Spontaneous Hypertensive Rats(SHR) were measured. After treatment with nifedipine in SHR, we observed decreased blood pressure along with the changes in water, sodium and potassium contents of the lenses. The following results were obtained from our experiments. 1. In normal SDR, The blood pressure did not decrease with nifedipine injection. 2. After 3-7 days of nifedipine injection bidaily, the blood pressure of SHR did not decrease. 3. After 2 weeks of nifedipine injection bidaily, the blood pressure of the SHR decreased slightly and after 4 weeks of nifedipine injection bidaily, the blood pressure of SHR decreased significantly. 4. Water and sodium contents of SHR were higher than that of SDR and the potassium content was similar to that of SDR. 5. The elevated water and sodium contents of SHR decreased along with decrease of blood pressure, and after 2 weeks of nifedipine injection, showed similar level as the contents of SDR lenses. 6. Potassium contents of SHR lenses showed no change were similar to SDR lines except the 4 weeks nifedipine injection group which showed higher potasslum contents.
Animals ; Blood Pressure* ; Calcium ; Capillary Resistance ; Cataract ; Hypertension ; Incidence ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular ; Nifedipine* ; Potassium ; Rats* ; Sarcoplasmic Reticulum ; Sodium ; Water*

Homeroom teachers are not usually nutrition professionals, but they spend a lot of time with students in elementary school classrooms. This study was conducted to determine the association of homeroom teachers’ nutrition education with the dietary habits of their classroom children. The subjects were 131 homeroom teachers and their 1,102 children from 17 elementary schools in Gyeonggi, Korea. Self-administered questionnaires to collect information on dietary habits were conducted in December 2016. The dietary habits were determined with the adherences to the Dietary Guidelines for Adults and Children, respectively, by coding the better diet life with a higher score. The significances between groups according to teachers’ implementation of nutrition education (106 implemented, 25 not implemented) were analyzed by using SPSS at P＜0.05. Implementing nutrition education was not associated with the dietary habits of teachers themselves, but their students. Therefore, the students of teachers who implemented nutrition education had significantly higher adherence to 8 items out of 19 items (P＜0.05, P＜0.01). More of the students considered themselves as non-picky eaters (P＜0.05), tried to eat all the foods served at school lunch even when it contained unwanted ingredients (P＜0.01), and agreed on the need of nutrition education (P＜0.01), as compared to their counterparts. Conclusively, this study suggests that nutrition education delivered by homeroom teachers may be associated with more desirable dietary habits of students, even though homeroom teachers are not nutrition professionals. Therefore, efforts should be undertaken to develop and provide proper contents for homeroom teachers to use in nutrition education for elementary students.