In systemic hypertension, capillary resistance is highly elevated and' contractility of vascular smooth muscle is elevated. This is due to increased calcium uptake into the sarcoplasmic reticulum of the vascular smooth muscle. Recently, nifedipine, an antihypertensive medication which inhibits calcium uptake into the vascular smooth muscle is commonly used. It decreases the contractility of the vascular smooth muscle and causes the vessels to relax, which in turn lowers the blood pressure. In 1987, according to Rodriguez-Sargent et al. the increased incidence of cataract in Dahl-salt sensitive rats(DSR) was due to increasd water and sodium contents and decreased potassium content. In this investigative study on hypertension, the water, Sodium and potassium contents in Spontaneous Hypertensive Rats(SHR) were measured. After treatment with nifedipine in SHR, we observed decreased blood pressure along with the changes in water, sodium and potassium contents of the lenses. The following results were obtained from our experiments. 1. In normal SDR, The blood pressure did not decrease with nifedipine injection. 2. After 3-7 days of nifedipine injection bidaily, the blood pressure of SHR did not decrease. 3. After 2 weeks of nifedipine injection bidaily, the blood pressure of the SHR decreased slightly and after 4 weeks of nifedipine injection bidaily, the blood pressure of SHR decreased significantly. 4. Water and sodium contents of SHR were higher than that of SDR and the potassium content was similar to that of SDR. 5. The elevated water and sodium contents of SHR decreased along with decrease of blood pressure, and after 2 weeks of nifedipine injection, showed similar level as the contents of SDR lenses. 6. Potassium contents of SHR lenses showed no change were similar to SDR lines except the 4 weeks nifedipine injection group which showed higher potasslum contents.
Animals ; Blood Pressure* ; Calcium ; Capillary Resistance ; Cataract ; Hypertension ; Incidence ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular ; Nifedipine* ; Potassium ; Rats* ; Sarcoplasmic Reticulum ; Sodium ; Water*

No abstract available.
Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous* ; Child* ; Colon* ; Humans ; Mucins*

A 35-year-old female patient had a cyst-Jike swelling for one month on the right scaphoid fossa and antihelix of the auricle. Histopathologically, cystic cavity was located in lower dermis and cavity roof was composed of fibrous material without cartilagenous structure. Treatrment consisted of incision and drainage and subsequently rnastoidectomy dressing for one week. One month after treatment, recurrence of lesion was not found.
Adult ; Bandages ; Dermis ; Drainage ; Female ; Humans ; Recurrence ; Seroma*

BACKGROUND: Epidermolysis bullosa is a group of inherited disorcier characterized by blistering of the skin as a result of minor trauma. OBJECTIVE: There exist very little epidemiologic data for most of the major and minor subsets of inherited epidermolysis bullosa in Korea. We look forward to obtaining basic data for the pathogenesis and treatment of epidermolysis bullosa. METHOD: We performed 1st and 2nd trial of survey with the help of 28 dermatologic Departments snd 28 pediatric departments of medical colleges and 14 dermatologic dipartments of general hospitals. RESULTS: 68 cases were collected and classified by disease type, sex distribution, age distribution, and regional distribution. In disease type, 42 cases of EB simplex(62%), 8 cases of junctional type(12%), 10 cases of dominant dystrophic type(15%), 8 cases of recessive dytrcphic type(12%) were reported. In most cases males predominnted, but in dominant dystrophic type both sexes were equivalent. EB simplex, junctional type, RDEB were mostly developed in the 1st decade of life, dominant dystrophic type in the 2nd decade of life. In regional distribution, the number of pi tients was outstanding in large cities such as Seoul, Pusan, Taegu, Kwanju. CONCLUSION: Due to many limitations and shortage of techniques, this epidemiologic study may be notgood enough for the total estimated number of epidermolysis bullos. patients, prevalence rate, and therapeutic modalities. Furthe evaluation should be necessary next time.
Age Distribution ; Blister ; Busan ; Daegu ; Epidemiologic Studies* ; Epidermolysis Bullosa* ; Gwangju ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Korea* ; Male ; Prevalence ; Seoul ; Sex Distribution ; Skin

The anatomy of the human epidural space was demonstrated in 8 patients by computed tomography (CT) examinations performed after epidural injection of water soluble radiographic contrast material into the L3-4 epidural space via Tuohy needle. The examinations showed the posterior epidural space to be divided by the plica mediana dorsalis and an additional transverse connective tissue plane. The compartmentalized nature of the space may be, at times, responsible for entrapment and coiling of epidural catheters, despite the satisfactory technical performance of catheterization for epidural anesthesia. All patients demonstrated a great amount of fatty tissue within the junction of the posterior midline epidural connective tissue structures, producing a triangular-shaped structure which might be an impediment to catheterization. The posterior epidural space is more easily filled with contrast media than the anterior epidural space. We also measured the depth of epidural space. The posterior epidural space was 2-6 mm deeper than the anterior epidural space. At the thoracic spine, the depth of the posterior epidural space was about 1-2 mm and the anterior space was under 1 mm or revealed trace. At the lumbar region, the depth of the posterior epidural space was about 4-7 mm. Air bubbles were noticed in the epidural space, especially around intervertebral foramen; therefore, it was suggested that the air bubbles can produce incomplete analgesia along the nerve roots.
Adipose Tissue ; Analgesia ; Anesthesia, Epidural ; Catheterization ; Catheters ; Connective Tissue ; Contrast Media ; Epidural Space* ; Humans* ; Injections, Epidural ; Lumbosacral Region ; Needles ; Spine

No abstract available.
Animals ; Immunohistochemistry ; Ion Channels ; Neurons ; Rats ; Trigeminal Ganglion

Protein C exerts anticoagulant effects by inactivating factor Va and VIIIa and stimulating fibrinolysis. The homozygous protein C deficiency is extremely rare and often results in life threatening thrombosis and purpura fulminans with necrotic cutaneous lesions. A child with homozygous protein C deficiency was treated at 6 months by a living-related liver transplantaion. After induction of anesthesia, we started an FFP infusion for protein C replacement and a low molecular weight heparin continuous infusion to prevent thrombosis. A complete reconstitution of protein C activity and resolution of the thrombotic condition occured postoperatively. So we report this case with a brief review of the literature.
Anesthesia* ; Child ; Factor Va ; Fibrinolysis ; Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight ; Humans ; Liver Transplantation* ; Liver* ; Protein C Deficiency* ; Protein C* ; Purpura Fulminans ; Thrombosis

Lumber epidural analgesia is a well established method of providing pain relief during labor. Placement of a needle in the epidural space is probably one of the more tephnically demanding procedures which are performed by anesthesiologists. Two-hundred-thirty-four women receiving epidural analgesia during labor were studied. The distance from skin to the epidural space was measured with Portex disposable epidural needle marked at 1 cm intervals. The mean distance was found to be 4.18 cm. There was no correlation between distance from skin to the epidural space and height, hut was signifieant correlation with weight(p<0.001). The epidural depths were identified most frequently at 3 to 4 cm deep and 84.2% of total cases were less than 5 cm deep. This study suggests that, if the epidural space has not been identified within a depth of 6 cm, redirection or reinsertion of the needle should be considered.
Analgesia, Epidural ; Epidural Space* ; Female ; Humans ; Labor Pain ; Needles ; Pregnancy ; Skin*

BACKGROUND: Vitiligo is a relatively common acquired depigmentating disorder that affects at least 1 % of the population. The mode of transmission has not been clearly,stablished, but either polygenic or autosomal dominant with incomplete penetrance and variable expresion has been proposed. OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to evaluate the causative factor, variable clinical features and current teratment of generalized vitiligo patients. METHOD: This clinical in vestigation was made with 225 outpatiens of generalized type vitiligo who had visited the Department of Dermatology, Keirnyung Universitv Hospital from January 1987 till December 1991. Results & CONCLUSION: 1. There were 125 female, (55.5%) and 100 males(44.4%). 2. The mean age of onset was 21.4 years(male . 24.3, female: 19.1). 3. The mean age at the first visit was 27.5 years (male : 28.8, female : 26.5). 4. The mean duration of the disease was 10.7 years(male : 9.9, female : 10.9). 5. The mean interval between onset and visiting was 6.1 years (male : 4.5, female : 7.4). 6. The most common sites of involvernent at the first visit was tie face 11.7% (male : 11.4%, female : 11.8%). 7. The most common precipitating factor was trauma(8.8%). 8. The most common previous treatment was sunlight irradiaion after application of topical oxoralene(33.2%). 9. The most common degree of depigmented lesion was 5-10%(64.4%). 10. The most common occupations of the patients were students mals, and housewife females.
Age of Onset ; Dermatology ; Female ; Humans ; Occupations ; Penetrance ; Precipitating Factors ; Sunlight ; Vitiligo*

The popularity of spinal anesthesia has decreased to some extent due to the widespread use of a balanced anesthesia technique, increasing interest in epidural anesthesia and fear of neurologic sequelae resulting from spinal anesthesia. The complication once most feared was adhesive arachnoiditis. However, in many study reports there were no instances of adhesive arachnoiditis, cauda equina syndrome or transverse myelitis. The majority of serious neurological symptoms appearing after spinal anesthesia can be attributed to coincidence or previously unrecognizaed disease. This is a case report in which the patient developed syringomyelia with chronic adhesive arachnoiditis. A 27-year-old patient, known to have adhesive arachnoiditis which developed after spinal anesthesia, was admitted to this institution for treatment of syringomyelia. He had history of a simple appendectomy done under spinal anesthesia on the 24th of November in 1976 and had experienced sensory changes and progressive motor weakness in the lower extremities 4 months after surgery. In January, 1978 he received an adhesiolysis operation after conservative therapy using steroid injections. Afterward, he developed syringomyelia resulting from adhesive arachnoiditis and had shunt surgery. He went home without significant improvement. However, it is unwise to make a final diagnosis and assume that the sequela was attributed only to the spinal anesthesia. It is important to seek other causes rather than to ascribe all to the spinal anesthesia because there are many other causative factors. In this case, it was not certain that adhesive arachnoiditis was a possible cause, but this could not be ruled out either. The prevention of complications and their causative factors must be carefully considered at all times in the practice of spinal anesthesia.
Adhesives ; Adult ; Anesthesia, Epidural ; Anesthesia, Spinal* ; Appendectomy ; Arachnoid* ; Arachnoiditis* ; Balanced Anesthesia ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Lower Extremity ; Myelitis, Transverse ; Polyradiculopathy ; Syringomyelia*