No abstract available.

PURPOSE: This study was aimed to explain the relationship of family burden, family support, depression and satisfaction among caregivers of the elderly. METHODS: The study population were 126 caregivers of 5 elderly residing in institutionalized nursing homes in Seoul and Kyunggi. The research tool of this study was a structured questionnaire on family burden, family support, depression and satisfaction. The data were collected from March 13 to April 30, 2008, and analyzed by Cronbach's alpha, descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA and Pearson's correlation coefficient and multiple regression by using the SPSS/WIN 14.0 program. RESULTS: The major findings of this study were as follows: a significant positive correlation between family support and depression (r=.65, p=.001) was found. A significant positive correlation between family support and satisfaction (r=.68, p=.001) was perceived. Significant factors influencing Satisfaction were Family Support, which explained 38.2% of the variance of Satisfaction of Elderly Caregiver. CONCLUSION: This study suggested that we should develop programs and policies to increase the satisfaction of caregivers for their family support. In conclusion, the study was done to give suggestions to improve caregiver satisfaction of the aged and to serve as a basis for policy strategies by examining the current conditions of the nursing facilities.
Aged* ; Caregivers* ; Depression* ; Gyeonggi-do ; Humans ; Nursing ; Nursing Homes ; Seoul ; Surveys and Questionnaires

No abstract available.
Cesarean Section, Repeat* ; Female ; Fistula*

No abstract available.
beta-Thalassemia* ; Thalassemia*

PURPOSE: Bacterial meningitis in childhood carries significant mortality and morbidity, so accurate and rapid diagnosis is important. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) latex agglutination test has been used for rapid diagnosis of bacterial meningitis. However, urine may be the best specimen for a latex test, because bacterial antigens are concentrated in the urine. The study tried to determine the diagnostic value of urine latex test in bacterial meningitis. METHODS: We evaluated 219 patients who were suspected with bacterial meningitis and examined CSF Gram stain, CSF culture, CSF latex test and urine latex test. And 17 patients with bacterial meningitis were followed up at post-antibiotics 3, 7, 14, 21, 28 days. RESULTS: Sensitivity and specificity of urine latex test in bacterial meningitis were 82.4% and 99.4%. In H. influenzae type b meningitis, the sensitivity and specificity of urine latex test were 100% and 99.4%. The positive rates of urine latex tests after antibiotics treatment persisted significantly longer than the positive rates of CSF culture, smear and latex test. CONCLUSOIN: Urine latex test was as useful as CSF smear and CSF latex test during the early diagnosis of bacterial meningitis. The urine latex test was more valuable than CSF smear, latex, and culture in partially treated bacterial meningitis, because of persistent positivity after antibiotics treatment.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Antigens, Bacterial ; Cerebrospinal Fluid ; Diagnosis ; Early Diagnosis ; Humans ; Influenza, Human ; Latex Fixation Tests ; Latex* ; Meningitis ; Meningitis, Bacterial* ; Mortality ; Sensitivity and Specificity

Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) has emerged as a useful technique for the study of pulmonary interstitial disorders. Several types of information are provided by the evaluation of lavage fluid. Identification of cellular constituents helps to separate inflammatory process. Recently we have studied cellular constituents of BAL from three cases with histologically confirmed pulmonary sarcoidosis, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and hypereosinophilic syndrome. Pulmonary sarcoidosis showed a marked increase in lymphocytes, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis revealed a predominance of neutrophils, and hypereosinophilic syndrome presented a marked increase in eosinophils in the lavage fluids.
Bronchoalveolar Lavage ; Child* ; Eosinophils ; Humans ; Hypereosinophilic Syndrome ; Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis ; Lymphocytes ; Neutrophils ; Sarcoidosis ; Sarcoidosis, Pulmonary ; Therapeutic Irrigation ; Urinary Tract Infections* ; Urinary Tract*

We report a case of fine needle aspiration cytology of endodermal sinus tumor of the ovary. A 13-year-old girl complained of abdominal mass and pain. The abdominal sonography revealed a well-demarcated huge mass, which was solid and multiseptated. Percutaneous fine needle aspiration was performed from the mass. The smears revealed moderate cellularity, which was arranged in sheets or clumps of pleomorphic malignant cells on mucoid background. The valuable characteristic features of tumor cells were papillary configuration, vacuolated cytoplasm and intracellular and extracellular hyaline globules. The diagnosis was confirmed later by histologic study of surgical resection of the specimen.
Adolescent ; Biopsy, Fine-Needle ; Cytoplasm ; Diagnosis ; Endodermal Sinus Tumor ; Female ; Humans ; Hyalin ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature* ; Neurilemmoma ; Ovary ; S100 Proteins ; Urinoma*

Tracheal agenesis is the rare and uniformly lethal anomaly that presents with severe respiratory distress and aphonia after birth. In this anomaly, the trachea is usually absent and air is reaching the bronchi through a communication with the esophagus. The diagnosis should be suspected in a nowborn infant with respiratory distress whose intubation is difficult. We report an autopy case of tracheal agenesis, type 2 in a female newborn infant: Complete tracheal agenesis with the fistula between the esophagus and the carina. Associated anomalies were bilobed right lung, Meckel's divericulum and ventricular septal defect.
Aphonia ; Autopsy* ; Bronchi ; Diagnosis ; Esophagus ; Female ; Fistula ; Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Intubation ; Lung ; Parturition ; Trachea

PURPOSE: To evaluate ocular abnormalities in children with developmental disability and to find out whether any correlation exists between developmental disability and surgical outcome. METHODS: Totally 43 patients with the diagnosis of developmental disability were enrolled in this retrospective study. RESULTS: Mean follow-up was 4.54 +/- 2.35 year. 20 patients had exodeviation, 15 patients had esodeviation, 10 patients had dissociated vertical deviation and 4 patients had dyskinetic strabismus. 21 patients had surgery and the mean deviation angle was decreased from 36.67 +/- 15.70 PD to 5.33 +/- 5.93 PD in exotropia and 56.25 +/- 8.54 PD to 5.75 +/- 4.65 PD in esotropia. Refractive error was found in 33 patients (88.4%). 26 patients (60.5%) had monocular amblyopia and 17 patients (65.38%) showed improvement of visual acuity after treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Exotropia is the most common type strabismus in patients with developmental disability and dyskinetic strabismus is found in cerebral palsy. Strabismus Surgery for patients with stable angle deviation and amblyopia treatment is effective in children with developmental disability. However decision for surgery should be made after a long follow up period.
Amblyopia ; Cerebral Palsy ; Child ; Developmental Disabilities* ; Diagnosis ; Esotropia ; Exotropia ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Refractive Errors ; Retrospective Studies ; Strabismus ; Visual Acuity

PURPOSE: Low-dose dopamine (0.5-3 microgram/kg/min) increases renal blood flow, glomerular filtration rate and natriuresis and has protective and therapeutic effects on oliguric renal failures. Asphyxia is the most common cause of acute renal failure in neonates. But the protective effects of dopamine have never been reported in asphyxiated neonates. So we reported the effects of low-dose dopamine on the renal function of asphyxiated neonates. METHODS: Twenty-seven asphyxiated neonates who were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of Ewha Womans University hospital, from September, 1995 to June, 1997, were randomized to dopamine group (N=14, dopamine 0.5-3 microgram/kg/min) and control group (N=13). Serum creatinine (Pcr) and Na (PNa), urine creatinine (Ucr) and Na (UNa), urine output, creatinine clearance rate (Ccr), fractional excretion of Na (FENa) of two groups were compared on postnatal day 1, 3, 5. Incidences of acute renal failure and neonatal complications were also checked. RESULTS: The postnatal changes of Pcr (mg/dL), Ccr (mL/min/1.73m2) and FENa (%), on lst, 3rd & 5th days were not significnatly diffrent between dopamine group and control group. The postnatal changes of UNa (mmol/day) and urine output (ml/kg/hr) in dopamine group on 1st, 3rd & 5th days were significantly higher than those of control group (P<0.05). The incidence of acute renal failure, intraventricular hemorrhage, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, patient ductus arteriosus, sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis were not significantly different between two groups. CONCLUSION: Low-dose dopamine, which was prophylactically given after birth in asphyxiated neonates, showed natriuretic and diuretic effects without significant increase of glomerular function.
Acute Kidney Injury ; Asphyxia ; Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia ; Creatinine ; Diuretics ; Dopamine* ; Ductus Arteriosus ; Enterocolitis, Necrotizing ; Female ; Glomerular Filtration Rate ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant, Newborn* ; Intensive Care, Neonatal ; Natriuresis ; Parturition ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Renal Circulation ; Renal Insufficiency ; Sepsis