PURPOSE: This study used MDS-HC 2.0 to identify health problems in the elderly who live alone. METHOD: The subjects of this study were 100 living-alone elders aged over 65 in Daegu city. This study was performed through home visiting interviews during the period from the 1st of September to the 30th of September 2005. Analysis in this study was made using SPSS Version 11.0. RESULTS: Frequent health problems in the living-alone elderly were: preventive heath measure (90), health promotion (80), social function (78), visual function (75), depression and anxiety (61), pain and communication disorder (60), cognition (55), environmental assessment (48) and oral health (45) in order of frequency. Informal services were provided to 73% of the subjects for emotional support. IADL services were provided to 57% of the subjects, and ADL services to 66%. CONCLUSION: Nursing intervention programs based on health problems from MDS-HC 2.0 should be provided in order to cope with individual health problems and living-alone elders needs. The results of this study suggest that MDS-HC 2.0 is applicable to help decide nursing interventions for the elderly who live alone in community.
Activities of Daily Living ; Aged* ; Anxiety ; Cognition ; Communication Disorders ; Daegu ; Depression ; Health Promotion ; House Calls ; Humans ; Nursing ; Oral Health

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to identify the relationships between knowledge about osteoporosis, outcome expectations for exercise, and self-efficacy for exercise in older women with osteoporosis. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study. Participants were 148 women aged 60 years and older who were diagnosed with osteoporosis. Data were collected using self-report questionnaires. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis test, and Pearson's correlation coefficient. RESULTS: Statistically significant differences in knowledge about osteoporosis were found in age, education level, household income, type of household, chronic disease, medication, alcohol consumption, and perceived health status. Statistically significant differences in outcome expectations for exercise were observed in age, education level, household income, type of household, chronic disease, medication, body mass index, and perceived health status. Statistically significant differences in self-efficacy for exercise were observed in age, household income, chronic disease, and medication. In addition, it was found that knowledge of osteoporosis and self-efficacy for exercise were positively correlated with outcome expectations for exercise. CONCLUSION Based on this study, the development of a physical activity program is necessary by considering knowledge about osteoporosis, outcome expectation for exercise, and self-efficacy for exercise.

BACKGROUND: Core hypothermia after induction of anesthesia results from an core-to-peripheral redistribution of body heat and a loss of body heat to environment. The purpose of this study is finding body temperatures during operation by either general of epidural anesthesia and evaluates content of total body heat. METHODS: We measured tympanic membrane temperature, 4 point skin temperature (mid calf, mid thigh, upper extremity, nipple). And we calculate mean skin temperature, mean body temperature, total body heat content changes based on tympanic membrane temperature and 4 point skin temperature. RESULTS: Tympanic membrane temperature of the first group decreased significantly after 10 minutes of induction (p<0.005), the second group decreased after 45 minutes of induction. Although upper extremity temperature has continuously increased as time passed, there was no significant difference in both group. Lower extremity temperature has significantly increased after 30 minutes of induction in the first group, and the second group has significantly increased after 10 minutes of induction (p<0.05). Mean skin temperature hasdecreasd temperaturily in both group after 10 minutes of induction and increased as time passed. Mean body temperature of the first group has significantly decreased after 10 minutes of induction (p<0.05) and second group has no significant changes. Total body heat content has continuously decreased after induction with no significance. CONCLUSIONS: General anesthesia reveals more significant decrease than epidural anesthesia. Both groups show significant decrease of body temperature after induction. We think that we need to close attention to temperature changes after induction for preventing possible side effects due to core hypothermia.
Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, Epidural* ; Anesthesia, General* ; Body Temperature Changes* ; Body Temperature* ; Hot Temperature ; Hypothermia ; Lower Extremity ; Skin Temperature ; Thigh ; Tympanic Membrane ; Upper Extremity

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of integrated palliative care intervention on quality of life in terminally ill patients. METHODS: A comprehensive literature search was performed via PubMed, Cochrane Library CENTRAL, LWW (Ovid), CINAHL and several Korean databases. The main search strategy was to combine terms indicating palliative care intervention, presence of terminal illness and study design. Methodological quality was assessed using Cochrane's Risk of Bias for randomized studies and Risk of Bias Assessment tool for non-randomized studies. Data were analyzed by the Stata 10 program. RESULTS: Eight clinical trials met the inclusion criteria with a total of 356 participants. Integrated palliative care interventions were administered for a mean of 6.5 weeks, 5.6 sessions and an average of 47.8 minutes per session. Effect sizes were heterogeneous, and subgroup analysis was done. Integrated palliative care interventions had a significant effect on quality of life (ES=1.83, P=0.018, l2=92%), spiritual well-being (ES=0.78, P=0.040, l2=0), depression (ES=0.86, P<0.001, l2=32) and anxiety (ES=0.69, P=0.041, l2=71.1). But integrated palliative care interventions had no significant effect on pain (ES=0.365, P=0.230, l2=69.8). CONCLUSION: Results support findings that integrated palliative care interventions were helpful in lessening depression and anxiety and improving quality of life and spiritual well-being, however, the interventions did not assist pain management in terminal cancer patients. These findings suggest that various integrated palliative care interventions can assist terminal cancer patients with better quality of life in the socio-psycho-spiritual dimension.
Anxiety ; Bias (Epidemiology) ; Depression ; Humans ; Pain Management ; Palliative Care* ; Quality of Life* ; Terminally Ill

The importance of medical ethics education is increasingly emphasized in medical schools. To improve students’ problem-solving skills, various medical ethics cases are developed and discussed in medical ethics. In this study, based on actual cases of telemedicine and doctors’ strikes, we aim to reflect on medical students’ narratives and identify changes in shared thoughts. The study included 83 students, with responses from 75 students, excluding insincere responses, analyzed. Changes in opinion during discussions were examined using Giorgi’s phenomenological analysis. There was a significant difference in the pros and cons of telemedicine and doctors’ strikes before and after the discussion. The pros of telemedicine were analyzed as ‘expanding healthcare coverage,’ ‘preparing for emerging infectious diseases like coronavirus disease 2019,’ and ‘efficiency of care for certain conditions.’ The cons included ‘high likelihood of misdiagnosis,’ ‘premature implementation and possible abuse of the system,’ ‘risk of healthcare system collapse,’ ‘issues with rural internet and medical devices, and privacy leaks.’ The pros of the doctors’ strike included ‘the need for policies with expert inputs,’ ‘telemedicine may not benefit patients,’ and ‘Korean Medical Association endorsement.’ The cons focused on ‘lack of legitimacy, even if the system is flawed,’ ‘negative image,’ and ‘ignoring doctors’ personal opinions.’ As future doctors, today’s medical students will encounter more complex ethical issues. Medical ethics cases help determine whether they can effectively persuade others with evidence when faced with ethical dilemmas in actual practice.

The importance of medical ethics education is increasingly emphasized in medical schools. To improve students’ problem-solving skills, various medical ethics cases are developed and discussed in medical ethics. In this study, based on actual cases of telemedicine and doctors’ strikes, we aim to reflect on medical students’ narratives and identify changes in shared thoughts. The study included 83 students, with responses from 75 students, excluding insincere responses, analyzed. Changes in opinion during discussions were examined using Giorgi’s phenomenological analysis. There was a significant difference in the pros and cons of telemedicine and doctors’ strikes before and after the discussion. The pros of telemedicine were analyzed as ‘expanding healthcare coverage,’ ‘preparing for emerging infectious diseases like coronavirus disease 2019,’ and ‘efficiency of care for certain conditions.’ The cons included ‘high likelihood of misdiagnosis,’ ‘premature implementation and possible abuse of the system,’ ‘risk of healthcare system collapse,’ ‘issues with rural internet and medical devices, and privacy leaks.’ The pros of the doctors’ strike included ‘the need for policies with expert inputs,’ ‘telemedicine may not benefit patients,’ and ‘Korean Medical Association endorsement.’ The cons focused on ‘lack of legitimacy, even if the system is flawed,’ ‘negative image,’ and ‘ignoring doctors’ personal opinions.’ As future doctors, today’s medical students will encounter more complex ethical issues. Medical ethics cases help determine whether they can effectively persuade others with evidence when faced with ethical dilemmas in actual practice.

The importance of medical ethics education is increasingly emphasized in medical schools. To improve students’ problem-solving skills, various medical ethics cases are developed and discussed in medical ethics. In this study, based on actual cases of telemedicine and doctors’ strikes, we aim to reflect on medical students’ narratives and identify changes in shared thoughts. The study included 83 students, with responses from 75 students, excluding insincere responses, analyzed. Changes in opinion during discussions were examined using Giorgi’s phenomenological analysis. There was a significant difference in the pros and cons of telemedicine and doctors’ strikes before and after the discussion. The pros of telemedicine were analyzed as ‘expanding healthcare coverage,’ ‘preparing for emerging infectious diseases like coronavirus disease 2019,’ and ‘efficiency of care for certain conditions.’ The cons included ‘high likelihood of misdiagnosis,’ ‘premature implementation and possible abuse of the system,’ ‘risk of healthcare system collapse,’ ‘issues with rural internet and medical devices, and privacy leaks.’ The pros of the doctors’ strike included ‘the need for policies with expert inputs,’ ‘telemedicine may not benefit patients,’ and ‘Korean Medical Association endorsement.’ The cons focused on ‘lack of legitimacy, even if the system is flawed,’ ‘negative image,’ and ‘ignoring doctors’ personal opinions.’ As future doctors, today’s medical students will encounter more complex ethical issues. Medical ethics cases help determine whether they can effectively persuade others with evidence when faced with ethical dilemmas in actual practice.

The importance of medical ethics education is increasingly emphasized in medical schools. To improve students’ problem-solving skills, various medical ethics cases are developed and discussed in medical ethics. In this study, based on actual cases of telemedicine and doctors’ strikes, we aim to reflect on medical students’ narratives and identify changes in shared thoughts. The study included 83 students, with responses from 75 students, excluding insincere responses, analyzed. Changes in opinion during discussions were examined using Giorgi’s phenomenological analysis. There was a significant difference in the pros and cons of telemedicine and doctors’ strikes before and after the discussion. The pros of telemedicine were analyzed as ‘expanding healthcare coverage,’ ‘preparing for emerging infectious diseases like coronavirus disease 2019,’ and ‘efficiency of care for certain conditions.’ The cons included ‘high likelihood of misdiagnosis,’ ‘premature implementation and possible abuse of the system,’ ‘risk of healthcare system collapse,’ ‘issues with rural internet and medical devices, and privacy leaks.’ The pros of the doctors’ strike included ‘the need for policies with expert inputs,’ ‘telemedicine may not benefit patients,’ and ‘Korean Medical Association endorsement.’ The cons focused on ‘lack of legitimacy, even if the system is flawed,’ ‘negative image,’ and ‘ignoring doctors’ personal opinions.’ As future doctors, today’s medical students will encounter more complex ethical issues. Medical ethics cases help determine whether they can effectively persuade others with evidence when faced with ethical dilemmas in actual practice.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate factors affecting prevention performance of catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) among long-term care hospital nurses. Methods: The participants were 162 nurses in 11 long-term care hospitals. Data were collected from May 21 to June 4, 2021, using structured questionnaires. The collected data were analyzed with an independent t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, a one-way ANOVA, Pearson’s correlation, and multiple regression analysis. All analyses were performed using SPSS/WIN 26.0. Results: The factors influencing the prevention performance of CAUTI were formal learning (β=.22, p=.003) and prevention knowledge on CAUTI (β=.17, p=.029). These variables explained 13% of the prevention performance of CAUTI. Conclusion In this study, it is necessary for long-term care hospitals to develop infection prevention educational programs for CAUTI based on nursing evidence and ensure that nurses apply the knowledge obtained through these educational programs.

Objective: The effectiveness of music therapy programs for the elderly with dementia has been verified through several studies, but there is a limitation in that most of them are compared with a single group, no treatment group or waiting group. In this study, to overcome this problem, the two groups that performed similar interventions were selected and compared retrospectively. Methods: For 37 people who participated in the treatment programs for the elderly with dementia at Dongdaemun Center for De-mentia and its branch center, we retrospectively analyzed the changes in Korean version of Geriatric Depression Scale and GeriatricQuality of Life Scale-Dementia scores measured before and after treatment. Results: Prior to treatment, there is no significant difference between the groups in the demographic variables and the depression and quality of life scores. The difference between pre- and post-scores was not significant in the group at the branch center without a music therapy, but depression was significantly reduced and quality of life had improved in the group at Dongdaemun center with the music therapy program. Conclusion It was confirmed that participation in the structured music therapy program had a positive effect on the improve-ment of depression and quality of life in the elderly with dementia compared to other similar interventions.