This study investigated the recovery and absorption rates of murine norovirus, a surrogate for human norovirus, by using NanoCeram(R) filters which served as a tool for recovering viruses. In the study, two types of NanoCeram(R) filters were employed: one was a cartridge type and the other was a disc type (phi 47 mm) whose surface area is 75 times smaller than the cartridge type. The analytical method was the real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The study found that the average recovery rates of the cartridge type and the disc type were 30.9% and 29.5% respectively. Since these two rates were very close to each other, the adsorption rate of the cartridge type could be predicted with the disc type. Analyzing recovery and absorption rates of the disc type based on different filtered volumes showed that when the volume increased from 0.5 L to 20 L, the average recovery rate rose from 14.78% to 30.41 %, while the average absorption rate dropped from 56.33% to 10.48%. The increase in turbidity from less than 1 NTU to less than 3 NTU raised the average recovery rate from 47.23% to 82.84%.
Absorption ; Adsorption ; Humans ; Norovirus

No abstract available.
Adsorption* ; Agglutination* ; Animals ; Caragana* ; Erythrocytes* ; Humans* ; Mice*

Red cells that express extremely low levels of D antigen that cannot be detected by routine serologic tests are designated as DEL. Most DEL blood donors are typed as D-negative. However, DEL red blood cells can be recognized by serological adsorption and elution test or molecular RHD genotyping. Anti-D production in patients with D-negative who received transfusion containing DEL blood has reported, therefore distinction between DEL variant and true D- negative is clinically important. This review highlights a transfusion strategy and laboratory update on the DEL variant in the Korean population.
Adsorption ; Blood Donors ; Erythrocytes ; Humans ; Serologic Tests

PURPOSE: This study aimed at investigating the role of albumin as a boundary lubricant in the lubrication of the Co-Cr femoral head of artificial hip implants by measuring the tribological parameters of the Co-Cr femoral head with Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) techniques. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Samples were prepared from the main wear region of a Co-Cr femoral head from revision hip surgery. Two types of solutions were prepared as lubricants: PBS (Phosphate Buffered Saline) as a control solution and BSA (Bovine Serum Albumin) as a lubricant at concentrations of 10, 20, 30 and 40 mg/ml in PBS solution. RESULTS: There were statistically significant differences in the frictional coefficients (micron) of a Co-Cr head between the PBS control and all the concentrations of BSA (10, 20, 30, 40 mg/ml) (P<0.001). Similarly, there were statistically significant differences for the micron between the BSA concentrations of 10, 20, 30 and 40 mg/m for all the cases except between the BSA of 30 and 40 mg/ml (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: There exists a maximum protein concentration of BSA to play a role as an effective boundary lubricant through adsorption on the surface of Co-Cr femoral head.
Adsorption ; Arthroplasty ; Friction ; Head ; Hip ; Lubrication

Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease commonly seen in clinical practice. It can lead to thickening of vascular intima, occlusion of lumen stenosis and thrombosis, leading to angina pectoris, hypertension, myocardial infarction and other diseases, posing a serious threat to human life and health. This study provides a method for removing shield needles from graphene oxide thrombus and its preparation. The graphene oxide shield needle mainly includes flexible rotating shaft, radial flexible rod, rotating needle, adsorption main pipe and dosing main pipe, laser measuring device, high definition camera and other structures, which has the following advantages:firstly, it achieves multi-angle rotation grinding thrombosis, precise rotation grinding, avoids vascular damage and infection; secondly, thrombolytic drugs can be applied in the process of rotary grinding and small thrombus can be adsorbed to effectively avoid secondary embolization of blood vessels; thirdly, it a coating of graphene oxide on a rotating needle, which protects against bacteria and infection. This study has practical reference value for the development of thrombotherapy and the application of graphene in the medical field.
Adsorption ; Graphite ; Humans ; Needles ; Thrombosis/prevention & control*

In this study we synthesized a micro- and mesoporous material, SBA-16. And later on we functionalized it with octyltrimethoxysilane and octadecyltrimethoxysilane, respectively. The materials of SBA-16 and its functionalized form were characterized by nitrogen adsorption isotherms at 77K, small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), and adsorption isotherms of single component n-heptane, toluene and water vapour. The data of FT-IR and TGA demonstrated the successful chemical modification of surface and porous wall of SBA-16 with different hydrocarbon chains. The results of SAXS, nitrogen adsorption at 77K, and adsorption isotherms of probe molecules revealed that the functionalized SBA-16 materials possessed relatively less regularity, smaller BET surface area and pore volumes, and lower adsorption capacities for the probe molecules compared to the original SBA-16. However, the functionalized SBA-16 materials showed much less affinity to polar molecules such as water. This work provides useful fundamental information for future study of novel mesoporous silica materials as potential drug delivery carriers.
Adsorption ; Drug Carriers ; chemistry ; Porosity ; Silicon Dioxide ; chemistry ; Surface Properties

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of removing bacterial endotoxin in the key processes of Reduning injection.

METHODThe content of bacterial endotoxins was detected by kenitic-turbidimetry and the removal efficacy was studied before and after using 0.8% of activated carbon and ultrafiltration with molecular weight cut-off of 10 x 10(3).

RESULTThe adsorption rate of bacterial endotoxins was 78.7% by using activated carbon, while the removal efficacy of bacterial endotoxins was 99.6% with ultrafiltration membrane at cut-off molecular weight 10 x 10(3).

CONCLUSIONThe key technology can effectively guarantee the safety of Reduning injection.

OBJECTIVEThe UF process of model systerm of Huanglian Jiedu decoction is researched in the study to lay a foundation for the exploring of the substance foudation of membrane fouling, and for the the optimal design of membrane technology in the production of Chinese drugs preparation.

METHODUsing the membrane flux, fouling degree of membrane, preserving degree and adsorption capacity of effective materials as guide line, trying to find out the influence of macromolecule materials on small molecules in Huanglian Jiedu decoction.

RESULTThe two small molecules berberine and gardenoside in Huanglian Jiedu decoction have high permeation rate. But for the reasons of interaction of macromolecule, the permeation rate of small molecules reduced greatly, membrane fouling and membrane flux declined intensify.

CONCLUSIONStarch and pectin are the two main macromolecule materials in Huanglian Jiedu decoction which cause membrane fouling and flux falling.

Adsorption ; Bilirubin ; metabolism ; Liver, Artificial ; Plasma Exchange ; methods

This paper describes the radiation sterilization of narcosis gas-adsorber for single use. We researched into the sterilization process, obtained the best radiation dose, tested and verified the sterilization process and confirmed the sterilization process.
Adsorption ; Anesthesia, Inhalation ; instrumentation ; Radiation ; Radiation Dosage ; Sterilization ; instrumentation ; methods