This study investigated the recovery and absorption rates of murine norovirus, a surrogate for human norovirus, by using NanoCeram(R) filters which served as a tool for recovering viruses. In the study, two types of NanoCeram(R) filters were employed: one was a cartridge type and the other was a disc type (phi 47 mm) whose surface area is 75 times smaller than the cartridge type. The analytical method was the real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The study found that the average recovery rates of the cartridge type and the disc type were 30.9% and 29.5% respectively. Since these two rates were very close to each other, the adsorption rate of the cartridge type could be predicted with the disc type. Analyzing recovery and absorption rates of the disc type based on different filtered volumes showed that when the volume increased from 0.5 L to 20 L, the average recovery rate rose from 14.78% to 30.41 %, while the average absorption rate dropped from 56.33% to 10.48%. The increase in turbidity from less than 1 NTU to less than 3 NTU raised the average recovery rate from 47.23% to 82.84%.
Absorption ; Adsorption ; Humans ; Norovirus

No abstract available.
Adsorption* ; Agglutination* ; Animals ; Caragana* ; Erythrocytes* ; Humans* ; Mice*

Red cells that express extremely low levels of D antigen that cannot be detected by routine serologic tests are designated as DEL. Most DEL blood donors are typed as D-negative. However, DEL red blood cells can be recognized by serological adsorption and elution test or molecular RHD genotyping. Anti-D production in patients with D-negative who received transfusion containing DEL blood has reported, therefore distinction between DEL variant and true D- negative is clinically important. This review highlights a transfusion strategy and laboratory update on the DEL variant in the Korean population.
Adsorption ; Blood Donors ; Erythrocytes ; Humans ; Serologic Tests

PURPOSE: This study aimed at investigating the role of albumin as a boundary lubricant in the lubrication of the Co-Cr femoral head of artificial hip implants by measuring the tribological parameters of the Co-Cr femoral head with Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) techniques. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Samples were prepared from the main wear region of a Co-Cr femoral head from revision hip surgery. Two types of solutions were prepared as lubricants: PBS (Phosphate Buffered Saline) as a control solution and BSA (Bovine Serum Albumin) as a lubricant at concentrations of 10, 20, 30 and 40 mg/ml in PBS solution. RESULTS: There were statistically significant differences in the frictional coefficients (micron) of a Co-Cr head between the PBS control and all the concentrations of BSA (10, 20, 30, 40 mg/ml) (P<0.001). Similarly, there were statistically significant differences for the micron between the BSA concentrations of 10, 20, 30 and 40 mg/m for all the cases except between the BSA of 30 and 40 mg/ml (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: There exists a maximum protein concentration of BSA to play a role as an effective boundary lubricant through adsorption on the surface of Co-Cr femoral head.
Adsorption ; Arthroplasty ; Friction ; Head ; Hip ; Lubrication

Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease commonly seen in clinical practice. It can lead to thickening of vascular intima, occlusion of lumen stenosis and thrombosis, leading to angina pectoris, hypertension, myocardial infarction and other diseases, posing a serious threat to human life and health. This study provides a method for removing shield needles from graphene oxide thrombus and its preparation. The graphene oxide shield needle mainly includes flexible rotating shaft, radial flexible rod, rotating needle, adsorption main pipe and dosing main pipe, laser measuring device, high definition camera and other structures, which has the following advantages:firstly, it achieves multi-angle rotation grinding thrombosis, precise rotation grinding, avoids vascular damage and infection; secondly, thrombolytic drugs can be applied in the process of rotary grinding and small thrombus can be adsorbed to effectively avoid secondary embolization of blood vessels; thirdly, it a coating of graphene oxide on a rotating needle, which protects against bacteria and infection. This study has practical reference value for the development of thrombotherapy and the application of graphene in the medical field.
Adsorption ; Graphite ; Humans ; Needles ; Thrombosis/prevention & control*

Since an exact ABO blood type match is essential for transfusion therapy, any ABO discrepancies should be resolved prior to the issuing of blood. The authors confirmed the ABO blood group of a 50-year-old male using genotyping. On a routine blood group test, the cell type was A+; however, anti-B was undetected in his serum. To determine the cause of this ABO discrepancy, an adsorption elution test and saliva test were performed. The presence of a weak B substance was suspected despite no evidence of the B antigen on red blood cells. Polymerase-chain-reaction restriction-fragment-length-polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and sequencing analysis of exons 6 and 7 demonstrated that his blood type was A1Bweak (the A allele tested as the A105 subtype, while the B allele was most similar to the B302 subtype). Again, using genotyping, we subsequently confirmed the A1Bweak blood type in a leukemic patient who was in complete remission.
Adsorption ; Alleles ; Erythrocytes ; Exons ; Humans ; Leukemia ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Saliva

BACKGROUND: Determination of antibody specificity using antigram spread sheet requires experience and knowledge on in vitro characteristics of red cell antibodies, time-consuming, and still subjective to human error. A computer-based antibody identification system was developed to overcome these disadvantages. METHODS: Decision support system program for antibody identification was designed using Visual Basic 5.0 for Dade Data-cyte Plus. This system integrates the reaction patterns of saline, 37degrees C albumin, antiglobulin, 4degrees C saline enzyme treated and user-defined phases and lists the antibodies according to the probability. 115 irregular antibodies previously confirmed by standard manual method reanalyzed with this program. RESULTS: In 111 of 115 cases (96.5%), this system produced the same results with the manual identification. In two cases, of not matched 4 cases the computer program suggested additional antibodies and in one case, the computer program detected previous human error. In the other case, antibody identification was possible only after further tests including selective adsorption of multiple antibodies. CONCLUSION: The decision support system was rapid and easy and showed good concordance rate when compared with manual antibody identificaion results. In addition, human error could be reduced. Decision support system for antibody identification could be used in small blood banks by less experienced staffs.
Adsorption ; Antibodies ; Antibody Specificity ; Blood Banks ; Expert Systems ; Humans

Purpose: This study aims to get the fundamental data which is necessary to the development direction of implant surface treatment hereafter, based on the understanding the surface structure and properties of titanium which is suitable for the absorption of initial tissue fluid by researching effects of additional surface treatments for sandblasted with large grit and acid-etched(SLA) titanium on surface micro-roughness, static wettability, fibronectin adsorption. Materials and Method: In the Control groups, the commercial pure titanium disks which is 10mm in diameter and 2mm in thickness were treated with HCI after sandblasting with 50micrometer Al2O3. The experiment groups were made an experiment each by being treated with 1) 22.5% nitric acid according to SLA+ASTM F86 protocol, 2) SLA+30% peroxide, 3) SLA+NaOH, 4) SLA+Oxalic acid, and 5) SLA+600degree C heating. In each group, the value of Ra and RMS which are the gauges of surface roughness was measured, surface wettability was measured by analyzing with Sessile drop method, and fibronectin adsorption was measured with immunological assay. The significance of each group was verified by (SPSS, ver.10.0 SPSS Inc.) Kruskal-Wallis Test.(alpha=0.05) And the correlation significance between Surface micro-roughness and surface wettability, surface roughness and fibronectin adsorption, and surface wettability and fibronectin adsorption was tested by Spearman's correlation analysis. Result: All measure groups showed the significant differences in surface micro-roughness, surface wettability, and fibronectin adsorption.(p<0.05) There was no significance in correlation among the surface micro-roughness, surface wettability, and fibronectin adsorption.(p>0.05) Conclusion: Surface micro-roughness and surface wettability rarely affected the absorption of initial tissue fluid on the surface of titanium.
Absorption ; Adsorption* ; Fibronectins* ; Heating ; Hot Temperature ; Nitric Acid ; Titanium* ; Wettability*

No abstract available.
Adsorption* ; Dental Pellicle ; Saliva ; Salivary Proteins and Peptides* ; Titanium*

Standard plaque assay using agarose-overlay has long been used for titration of many infectious virus particle. Plaque assay for the titration of varicella-zoster virus and its live vaccine requires three intermittent agarose overlay to visualize plaques. Overall procedure of the assay takes at least nine days from virus inoculation and microbe contamination including fungi is frequently accompanied during incubation period. We studied whether an immunofocus assay in conjunction with peroxidase-mediated immunohistochemical reaction may replace the standard plaque assay for the virus titration by comparing the two methods. A linear relationship was observed between number of foci and virus dilution. The number of foci in a given dilution of virus appeared a little higher than counted plaques formed in standard plaque assay. Independent titration results obtained from two assay methods for a given dilution of virus demonstrated a strong correlation (r2=0.99). Foci of virus infected cells as revealed by the enzyme reaction could be counted either 4 days post-infection (p.i.) under low magnification (40X) microscopy, or 6 days p.i. by naked eye observation. Larger size of cell cuture plate, virus adsorption at 35 degrees C, and 10% FBS in diluent appeared to be better conditions for the assay. Immunofocus assay will be an effective and dependable titration method for varicella-zoster virus and its live vaccine in place of the standard plaque assay in respect to accuracy, costs, and experimental convenience.
Adsorption ; Fungi ; Herpesvirus 3, Human* ; Microscopy ; Sepharose ; Virion