This study investigated the recovery and absorption rates of murine norovirus, a surrogate for human norovirus, by using NanoCeram(R) filters which served as a tool for recovering viruses. In the study, two types of NanoCeram(R) filters were employed: one was a cartridge type and the other was a disc type (phi 47 mm) whose surface area is 75 times smaller than the cartridge type. The analytical method was the real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The study found that the average recovery rates of the cartridge type and the disc type were 30.9% and 29.5% respectively. Since these two rates were very close to each other, the adsorption rate of the cartridge type could be predicted with the disc type. Analyzing recovery and absorption rates of the disc type based on different filtered volumes showed that when the volume increased from 0.5 L to 20 L, the average recovery rate rose from 14.78% to 30.41 %, while the average absorption rate dropped from 56.33% to 10.48%. The increase in turbidity from less than 1 NTU to less than 3 NTU raised the average recovery rate from 47.23% to 82.84%.
Absorption ; Adsorption ; Humans ; Norovirus

No abstract available.
Adsorption* ; Agglutination* ; Animals ; Caragana* ; Erythrocytes* ; Humans* ; Mice*

Red cells that express extremely low levels of D antigen that cannot be detected by routine serologic tests are designated as DEL. Most DEL blood donors are typed as D-negative. However, DEL red blood cells can be recognized by serological adsorption and elution test or molecular RHD genotyping. Anti-D production in patients with D-negative who received transfusion containing DEL blood has reported, therefore distinction between DEL variant and true D- negative is clinically important. This review highlights a transfusion strategy and laboratory update on the DEL variant in the Korean population.
Adsorption ; Blood Donors ; Erythrocytes ; Humans ; Serologic Tests

PURPOSE: This study aimed at investigating the role of albumin as a boundary lubricant in the lubrication of the Co-Cr femoral head of artificial hip implants by measuring the tribological parameters of the Co-Cr femoral head with Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) techniques. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Samples were prepared from the main wear region of a Co-Cr femoral head from revision hip surgery. Two types of solutions were prepared as lubricants: PBS (Phosphate Buffered Saline) as a control solution and BSA (Bovine Serum Albumin) as a lubricant at concentrations of 10, 20, 30 and 40 mg/ml in PBS solution. RESULTS: There were statistically significant differences in the frictional coefficients (micron) of a Co-Cr head between the PBS control and all the concentrations of BSA (10, 20, 30, 40 mg/ml) (P<0.001). Similarly, there were statistically significant differences for the micron between the BSA concentrations of 10, 20, 30 and 40 mg/m for all the cases except between the BSA of 30 and 40 mg/ml (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: There exists a maximum protein concentration of BSA to play a role as an effective boundary lubricant through adsorption on the surface of Co-Cr femoral head.
Adsorption ; Arthroplasty ; Friction ; Head ; Hip ; Lubrication

Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease commonly seen in clinical practice. It can lead to thickening of vascular intima, occlusion of lumen stenosis and thrombosis, leading to angina pectoris, hypertension, myocardial infarction and other diseases, posing a serious threat to human life and health. This study provides a method for removing shield needles from graphene oxide thrombus and its preparation. The graphene oxide shield needle mainly includes flexible rotating shaft, radial flexible rod, rotating needle, adsorption main pipe and dosing main pipe, laser measuring device, high definition camera and other structures, which has the following advantages:firstly, it achieves multi-angle rotation grinding thrombosis, precise rotation grinding, avoids vascular damage and infection; secondly, thrombolytic drugs can be applied in the process of rotary grinding and small thrombus can be adsorbed to effectively avoid secondary embolization of blood vessels; thirdly, it a coating of graphene oxide on a rotating needle, which protects against bacteria and infection. This study has practical reference value for the development of thrombotherapy and the application of graphene in the medical field.
Adsorption ; Graphite ; Humans ; Needles ; Thrombosis/prevention & control*

Since an exact ABO blood type match is essential for transfusion therapy, any ABO discrepancies should be resolved prior to the issuing of blood. The authors confirmed the ABO blood group of a 50-year-old male using genotyping. On a routine blood group test, the cell type was A+; however, anti-B was undetected in his serum. To determine the cause of this ABO discrepancy, an adsorption elution test and saliva test were performed. The presence of a weak B substance was suspected despite no evidence of the B antigen on red blood cells. Polymerase-chain-reaction restriction-fragment-length-polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and sequencing analysis of exons 6 and 7 demonstrated that his blood type was A1Bweak (the A allele tested as the A105 subtype, while the B allele was most similar to the B302 subtype). Again, using genotyping, we subsequently confirmed the A1Bweak blood type in a leukemic patient who was in complete remission.
Adsorption ; Alleles ; Erythrocytes ; Exons ; Humans ; Leukemia ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Saliva

PURPOSE: To produce a new generation of artificial pulmonary surfactant(PS), surfactant protein (SP)-B from human PSwas isolated, and the amino acid sequences of these proteins were studied. Artificial peptides of human SP-B were synthesized. New artificial PS preparations which were cornposed of phospholopids and two artificial synthetic SP-B peptides were made, and the surface physical properties of these new PS preparations were tested. METHODS: The purities of SP-B were assessed by SDS-polyacrylamide gel and the amino acid sequences of these proteins were determined. We synthetized two peptides SP-1 and SP-2 and the amino acid sequences were as follows,' SP-1: RMLPQLVCRLVLRCSMD, SP-2: RMLP- QLVCRLVLRCSM. Surface physical properties of newly artificial PSs, which were composed of a mixture of phospholipid(PL) and SP-1 or SP-2(sample A; PL+SP-1, sample B; PL+SP-2), were measured by surface spreading, adsorption rate, and surface tension-area diagram. RESULTS: The amino acid sequence of human SP-B was obtained. We produced the artificial peptides of SP-B and prepared the new generation PS(sample A and sample B). The order of the superiority of spreading and adsorption rate was Surfacten Absorption ; Adsorption ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Humans ; Peptides* ; Pulmonary Surfactants

We report a case of BX in a 27-year-old woman admitted for Cessarian section after diagnosis of placenta previa. An ABO discrepancy was observed, such as, group O in cell typing but group B in serum typing. The patient's red cells were agglutinated by anti-H and show the mixed field agglutination by anti-A,B. The results of adsorption and elution test, saliva test and B transferase test show the presence of B antigen, absence of B substance in saliva and no activity of B-transferase. All of these findings were compatible with BX.
Adsorption ; Adult ; Agglutination ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Placenta Previa ; Saliva ; Transferases

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of removing bacterial endotoxin in the key processes of Reduning injection.

METHODThe content of bacterial endotoxins was detected by kenitic-turbidimetry and the removal efficacy was studied before and after using 0.8% of activated carbon and ultrafiltration with molecular weight cut-off of 10 x 10(3).

RESULTThe adsorption rate of bacterial endotoxins was 78.7% by using activated carbon, while the removal efficacy of bacterial endotoxins was 99.6% with ultrafiltration membrane at cut-off molecular weight 10 x 10(3).

CONCLUSIONThe key technology can effectively guarantee the safety of Reduning injection.

OBJECTIVETrying to find out the mechanism of microstructure influencing bacterial adhesion, we prepared different microstructures to compare the adsorptive behavior of graphite powder and adhesive behavior of oral microbe.

METHODSWe used polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) to copy 23 microstructures of hydroxyapatite (HA) chip, and cultured them with different sizes graphite powder and oral microbes respectively, to observe and compare their behavior on microstructures.

RESULTSThe adsorption of 30-50 microm powder on different microstructures was insignificant, while 10-20 microm powder had maximum adsorption on 10 microm and 20 microm microstructures. Saccharomyces albicans was most likely to adhere to 5 microm microstructures which was equivalent to its own size. However, microstructures had little effect on adhesion of Streptococcus mutans which grew in a chain.

CONCLUSIONThe size of microstructure was the most effective factor that affects the adsorption of non-living powder, and it also had the same effect on the microbial adhesion; but some special bacteria, such as Streptococcus mutans which grew in a chain, was not affected by the sizes or shapes of microstructures.