Objective：Tuberculosis (TB) poses a significant public health challenge in the 22 Pacific island countries and territories. Using TB surveillance data and World Health Organization (WHO) estimates from 2000 to 2013, we summarize the epidemiology of TB in the Pacific.

This was a descriptive study of incident TB cases reported annually by Pacific island national TB programmes to WHO. We counted cases and calculated proportions and case notification rates per 100 000 population. We calculated the proportion of TB patients who completed TB treatment and summed estimates of national incidence, prevalence and mortality, provided by WHO, to produce regional incidence, prevalence and mortality rates per 100 000 population.Results：Estimated TB incidence in the Pacific has remained high but stable from 2000 to 2013; estimated prevalence and mortality have fallen by 20% and 47%, respectively. The TB case notification rate increased by 58%, from 146 to 231 per 100 000 population in the same time period. In 2013, 24 145 TB cases were notified, most (94% or 22 657) were from Papua New Guinea. Kiribati had the highest TB case notification rate at 398 cases per 100 000 population. TB case notification rates were also high in Papua New Guinea, the Marshall Islands and Tuvalu (309, 283 and 182, respectively).Discussion：TB in the Pacific is improving in some areas; however, high rates affect many countries and the estimated regional incidence rate is stable. To further reduce the burden of TB, a combination of dedicated public health and system-wide approaches are required along with poverty reduction and social protection initiatives.

OBJECTIVETo study the nonbiologic risk factors of tuberculosis (TB) among adults.

METHODS1:2 matched case-control study was conducted. 158 new smear positive pulmonary TB patients with 25 - 60 years of age were notified and registered from three county anti-TB institutions in Henan from October 2002-March 2004, were selected as cases. Two healthy persons were selected to match each case, with the same sex and age group, from the nearest neighbors of the case as controls. Interview was carried out with a uniform designed questionnaire at the residence of the object. Univariate and multivariate condition logistic regression models were used.

RESULTSThe results of univariate analysis showed that marital status, education, self-employed occupation, smoking, out-migration for work away from hometown, household annual income level and household property were significantly associated with TB prevalence (P < 0.05); multivariate analysis showed that marital status, self-employed occupation, smoking, household economic condition and out-migration for work, away from home were also associated with TB (P < 0.05), and OR values were 2.826, 2.350, 1.536, 0.707, 2.096, respectively.

CONCLUSIONBeing single, smoking, self-employed occupation and out-migration for work were nonbiologic risk factors of TB while good household economic condition was a protective factor.

Adult ; Case-Control Studies ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Risk Factors ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary ; epidemiology