INTRODUCTIONAcute central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR) afflicts young middle-aged males in the Western population. We aimed to analyse patient demographics and to determine the angiographic characteristics of acute CSCR in an Asian population.

MATERIALS AND METHODSThis is a retrospective study of all patients presenting with acute CSCR who had fundal fluorescein angiograms performed within a 4-year period (between 1 January 1998 and 31 December 2001).

RESULTSThe fluorescein angiograms of 128 patients were analysed. The majority were male (109/128) with a male-to-female ratio of 5.7:1. The age range of patients was 26 to 60 years, with a mean age of 41 years. The majority of patients (84%) were aged 30 to 50 years. With regard to racial distribution, 83% were Chinese, 6% were Malays and 11% were Indians or of other races. Unilateral disease was found in 74 patients (58%) and 52 had bilateral disease. The macula was the most common site of fluorescein leakage and was found in 97 patients (76%). Almost half the patients (44%) had more than one site of disease involvement (i.e., multifocal). The inkblot leakage pattern was found in 103 patients (80%).

CONCLUSIONSThe patient demographics of acute CSCR in our population were compared to that reported in the West. The gender ratio was similar, with males being afflicted 6 to 10 times more compared to females. There was no racial predilection found for acute CSCR in the local population. We also found a significant proportion of patients with bilateral and multifocal disease compared to the West. The inkblot pattern of leakage was the most common pattern seen on angiography. There were a significant number of cases with bilateral and multifocal involvement, exceeding those reported in non-Asian populations.

Acute Disease ; Adult ; Choroid Diseases ; diagnostic imaging ; Female ; Fluorescein Angiography ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Radiography ; Retinal Diseases ; diagnostic imaging ; Retrospective Studies ; Singapore

Humans ; Ophthalmology ; Practice Patterns, Physicians' ; Retinal Diseases ; therapy ; Singapore

INTRODUCTIONThis study aims to determine the inpatient rehabilitation effectiveness (REs) and rehabilitation efficiency (REy) of hip fracture in a Singapore community hospital (CH), its association with socio-demographic variables, medical comorbidities and admission Shah-modified Barthel Index (BI) score as well as change in independent ambulation from discharge to 4 months later.

MATERIALS AND METHODSA retrospective cohort study using data manually extracted from medical records of all patients who had hip fracture within 90 days and admitted to a CH after the operation for rehabilitation. Multiple linear regressions are used to identify independent predictors of REs and REy.

RESULTSThe mean REs was 40.4% (95% Confidence Interval (CI), 36.7 to 44.0). The independent predictors of poorer REs on multivariate analysis were older age, Malay (vs non-Malay) patients, fewer numbers of rehabilitative therapy sessions and dementia. The mean REy was 0.41 units per day [CI, 0.36 to 0.46]. The independent predictors of poorer REy on multivariate analysis were higher admission BI and being non-hypertensive patient. The prevalence of independent ambulation improved from 78.9% at the discharge to 88.3% 4 months later.

CONCLUSIONCH inpatient rehabilitative therapy showed REs 40.4% and REy of 0.41 units per day and the optimum number of rehabilitative therapy session was from 28 to 41 in terms of rehabilitation effectiveness and the maximum rehabilitation efficiency was seen in those doing 14 to 27 sessions of rehabilitative therapy. The study also showed improvement in BI at discharge and improvement in the independent ambulation 4 months after discharge from the CH.

Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Cohort Studies ; Female ; Hip Fractures ; rehabilitation ; Hospitalization ; Hospitals, Community ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Postoperative Complications ; rehabilitation ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome