Ketoconazole is one of the broad-spectrum oral antimycotic agents recently developed from imidazole derivatives. Authors performed multicenter trials to evaluate the therapeutic effect of ketoconazole in superficial fungal diseases. One hundred and eighty-four patients with superficial fungaI diseases were included in this study during 7 months from April to October, 1983 Patiets were treated with oral administration of 200 mg of ketoconazole(Nizoral) once a day for 4 weeks.-countinue-
Administration, Oral ; Humans ; Ketoconazole*

The bactericidal activity of 96 sera, to Staphylococci and E.coli, of leprosy patients classified as sever, mild, and negative grade by bacterial index was investigated. The results obtained were as follows; The killing activity to E. coli, in general, was stronger than that to Staphylococci. The bactericidal activity of serum was variable by serum itself, and these variations were more remarkablh in Ei coli than in Staphylococci. In case to E. coli, the higher bactericidal activity was observed in the serum of mild and negative grade patients rather than sever, while no relationship was found between activity and disease grade in Staphylococci. The per oral administration of DDS and Lampren did not give any influence to the bactericidal activity of serum.
Administration, Oral ; Homicide ; Humans ; Leprosy*

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the therapeutic effect of acupuncture at point Kaiyin No. 1 on vocal nodule.

METHODSEighty cases of vocal nodule were randomly divided into an acupuncture group of 40 cases, a Chinese herb group of 20 cases and a western medicine group of 20 cases. The acupuncture group were treated with acupuncture at main point Kaiyin No. 1, the Chinese herb group with oral administration of Jinsang Sanjie Pill and the Western medicine group with spray inhalation of antibiotics and hormones. Their therapeutic effects and parameters of acoustics before and after treatment were observed.

RESULTSThe total effective rate was 92.5% in the acupuncture group, significantly better than 85.0% in the Chinese herb group and 85.0% in the Western medicine group (P < 0. 01); the acupuncture group in improvement of parameters of acoustics was significantly superior to other two groups (both P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONAcupuncture at point Kaiyin No. 1 has significant therapeutic effect on vocal nodule with no adverse effect.

Puerarin is a naturally occurring isoflavone C-glycoside,isolated from the root of Pueraria lobata,which has attracted extensive attention in the medical circles because of its various pharmacological effects,such as vasodilation,cardioprotection,neuroprotection,antioxidant,anticancer,anti-inflammation,alleviating pain,promoting bone formation,inhibiting alcohol intake,and attenuating insulin resistance. However,its low oral bioavailability has limited its clinical application. This review gives a comprehensive summary of the researches on physicochemical properties,pharmacokinetics( absorption,distribution,metabolism and excretion,pharmacokinetic parameters) in oral administration,and pharmaceutics research strategies of puerarin in recent years,and the in vivo behavior difference between multicomponent and single component environment was also summarized. The reasons( low water solubility,poor membrane permeability,short half-life,inhibition of P-gp efflux and first-pass metabolic effects of intestinal enzymes,etc.) for low bioavailability were concluded and the idea that multicomponent enviroment would affect the bioavailability was clarified. The aim of this review is to provide literature basis for the development of new dosage forms and new technologies for multivariate compound drug delivery system to improve the bioavailability of oral puerarin,and to propose ways to improve the bioavailability of BCS Ⅳ drugs derived from traditional Chinese medicine by fully enlarging the synergistic effect of multi-components or reasonably using the inhibitory effect between components.
Administration, Oral ; Biopharmaceutics ; Isoflavones ; Pueraria

PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy of a modified small bowel follow-through (SBFT) and to optimize this technique. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ninety-nine subjects without small bowel pathology underwent modified SBFT using oral administration of methylcellulose after taking 100ml of 120% or 100, 150, or 200ml of 70% barium. Thirty-three and 39 normal subjects undergoing enteroclysis or conventional SBFT, respectively, were also evaluated for comparison of image qualities and transit time. RESULTS: Enteroclysis was the most successful ofthree types of small bowel examination for obtaining the best quality of bowel transradiency and distension. Modified SBFT was, however much superior to the conventional series for obtaining good bowel transradiency and rapid transity time (mean, 37-49 minutes). The use of 150ml of 70% barium was better than the other three modified techniques in achieving good bowel transradiency, rapid transit time, and less flocculation. CONCLUSION: Our modified SBFT is a simple and safe method for easily improving bowel transradiency and transit time.
Administration, Oral ; Barium ; Flocculation ; Methylcellulose* ; Pathology

No abstract available.
Administration, Oral* ; Animals ; Carbon Disulfide* ; Carbon* ; Rats*

Currently, 10% of cancer chemotherapy is provided to patients by oral formulation; however, by 2013 this percentage is predicted to increase to 25%. Chemotherapy is traditionally given by injection. Oral chemotherapy has been developed as a more convenient method for treating patients. Oral chemotherapy offers many advantages including the elimination of pain often caused by injections, the lack of fees for administering intravenous drugs, more time at home for patients, and a patient's increased sense of autonomy. The role of oral chemotherapy has been expanding because of the potential advantages in convenience and better quality of life for patients, and in the cost-effectiveness of treatment as compared to intravenous chemotherapy. A number of novel oral targeted and cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agents are entering the market or are in development. Many of the agents display significant clinical activity against various cancers. The growing availability of effective oral chemotherapy treatments, especially the new class of 'targeted biologic therapies', is one of the wonderful recent advances in cancer care. This manuscript describes the progress of clinical development and efficacy of these newly developed chemotherapeutic agents.
Administration, Oral ; Fees and Charges ; Humans ; Quality of Life

BACKGROUND: For the treatment of generalized vitiligo patients with oral PUVA, we can use two different methods; one is to treat the lesions while the whole body is exposed. Another one is to treat the lesions while only the lesions are exposed. PURPOSE: This study was performed to determine whether lesional and whole body exposure in oral PUVA for generalized vitiligo show any therapeutic differences in effectiveness. METHODS: The vitiligo lesions were distributed over the whole body skin of the subjects and the lesion area was less than 6% of the whole skin area. PUVA was done to the subjects more than 20 times after oral administration of psoralen. The patients were classified into two different groups. One is the lesional exposure group in which the patient exposed only the vitiligo lesion. The other is the whole body exposure group in which the patient exposed almost their whole body. RESULTS: Our results show that there is no statistical difference of the therapeutic effectiveness between the two methods. CONCLUSIONS: We recommend lesional treatment rather than whole body treatment to prevent the oral PUVA side effects.
Administration, Oral ; Ficusin ; Humans ; Skin ; Vitiligo*

Background: Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) is a important part of quality assurance (QA). Implementation of GMP request to establish the documentation system and should be reviewed as well as evaluated strictly. Documentation is important because it helps the competent person make decisions whether to finish the product or not and it is used as a base for inspection. In the year of 2006, 100% OPV production line in Center for research and production of vaccines and biologicals (POLYVAC) had established the document system. Objectives: To evaluate of the documentation for OPV production in the year of 2006 in POLYVAC. Subjects and method: Documentation for OPV production in 2006 were evaluated by standard operating procedure (SOP) (recommended by WHO). The standards included blank space; erase; code and unit of measurement; revision; no signage and others. Results and Conclusion: Documentation is different between departments. Onlymonkey ranch in Reu island applied 100% SOP. 776 errors were found. Among them blank space (32.2%), erase (27%), code and unit of measurement (21%), revision (5%), no signage (12%) and others (3.6%). The results were the basis of promoting implementation of GMP in vaccine manufacturing in POLYVAC.
Poliovirus Vaccine ; Oral/ administration & ; dosage

OBJECTIVETo explore an effective method for treatment of senile habitual constipation.

METHODSSixty-four cases were randomly divided into a treatment group treated with moving cupping at Hechelu plus Shenque (CV 8) Bazhenxue moxibustion, and a control group with oral administration of Tab phenolphthaleinum, 32 cases in each group. Improvement of constipation in the patients were observed and compared.

RESULTSThe short-term (14 days) clinical cured-markedly effective rate was 84.4% in the treatment group, which was significantly better than 59.4% of the control group (P < 0.05), and there was a significant difference between the two groups in the long-term (2 months) therapeutic effect (P < 0. 01).

CONCLUSIONMoving cupping at the Hechelu combined with Shenque (CV 8) Bazhenxue moxibustion is an effective method for senile habitual constipation.