No abstract available.
Administration, Intravesical* ; Humans ; Reflex, Abnormal*

In clinical settings, intravesical instillation of a drug bolus is often performed for the treatment of bladder diseases. However, it requires repeated instillations to extend drug efficacy, which may result in poor patient compliance. To alleviate this challenge, implantable devices have been developed for the purpose of sustained, intravesical drug delivery. In this review, we briefly summarize the current trend in the development of intravesical drug-delivery devices. We also introduce the most recently developed devices with strong potential for intravesical drug-delivery applications.
Administration, Intravesical ; Drug Delivery Systems ; Patient Compliance ; Urinary Bladder Diseases

No abstract available.
Administration, Intravesical* ; Photochemotherapy* ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms* ; Urinary Bladder*

No abstract available.
Administration, Intravesical* ; Photochemotherapy* ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms* ; Urinary Bladder*

Local instillation of Thio-tepa (triethylene thiophosphoramide) is widely used as an important adjunct in the management of papilloma of the bladder. We herein report the 10 case of the bladder cancer administered with Thio-tepa for the treatment and prophylaxis.
Administration, Intravesical* ; Papilloma ; Thiotepa* ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms* ; Urinary Bladder*

PURPOSE: The urodynamic effects of intravesical PGE2 instillation on bladder function and detrusor overactivity (DO) during the filling phase were investigated in rats by measuring intraabdominal and intravesical pressures simultaneously. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Continuous cystometry was performed inconscious, female and male Sprague- Dawley rats. We investigated pressure-, volume-, and DO-related parameters. RESULTS: Intravesical instillation of PGE2 increased all pressure-related parameters and decreased volume-related ones, compared to the control cystometric ones. However, among the total number of intravesical pressure rises (IVPRs) above 2 cmH2O during the filling phase, only 33% in female rats and 38% in male rats after PGE2 instillation were identified as true DO during the filling phase. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that the rat model with intravesical PGE2 is inappropriate for observing the effects of some drugs or mechanisms on DO, because only approximately 30% of IVPRs were confirmed as true DO. However, this model of intravesical PGE2 instillation has some advantages for the observation of changes in pressure and volume parameters rather than in DO-related ones.
Administration, Intravesical ; Animals ; Dinoprostone ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Models, Theoretical ; Rats ; Urinary Bladder ; Urodynamics

We evaluated the prophylactic efficacy of intravesical irrigation with distilled water immediately after transurethral resection(IUR) of superficial bladder tumor patients. Control group(n=30), with normal saline irrigation immediately after TUR(=15 min.) and continuous intravesical instillation of adriamycin 150mg with 3000ml normal saline for 2 days postoperatively. Distilled water group(n=28), with the same modality as control group, except for distilled water as the irrigation solution. The overall recurrence rates were 35.7% in distilled water group, which were more effective than 60.0% in control group. The 2 yeas tumor free rates by Kaplan-Meier method was higher in distilled water group ( 71.4% ) than control group (46.4% ), respectively with statistical significance. But, the mean time to recurrence were 13.3 months in control group and 14.1 months in distilled water group, without significant differences between two groups. These results support that the reasonable benefits of distilled water for prophylaxis of recurrence in superficial bladder tumor.
Administration, Intravesical ; Doxorubicin ; Humans ; Recurrence ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms* ; Urinary Bladder* ; Water*

PURPOSE: We compared the prophylatic effects and complications of intravesical instillation of the epirubicin and Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) in patients with stage T1 bladder cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total 87 patients with stage T1 bladder cancer were treated with transurethral resection (TUR) between January 1992 and April 1998. Of them, 51 patients received BCG (Connaught strain, 81mg), 16 patients received 50mg epirubicin and 20 patients underwent TUR alone. The patients were followed for 18-78 months (mean 40 months). Recurrence rates, progression rates, mean months to tumor recurrence, recurrence free survival rate using Kaplan-Meier curve and complications were compared among three groups. RESULTS: The overall recurrence rate was 27.5% in BCG group, 37.5% in epirubicin group and 65% in control group. Mean months to tumor recurrence and recurrence free survival rate showed that both drugs were superior to TUR alone. The incidence of complications was 94% in BCG group and 12.5% in epirubicin group. CONCLUSIONS: BCG and epirubicin were superior to TUR alone in the prophylaxis of recurrence in stage T1 bladder cancer. Although the prophylactic efficacy of BCG was a little higher than that of the epirubicin, the toxicity rate of epirubicin was much lower than that of BCG. Therefore, epirubicin may be regarded as an alternative treatment of the BCG, especially for the patients who cannot tolerate the side effects of BCG.
Administration, Intravesical ; Bacillus* ; Epirubicin* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Mycobacterium bovis ; Recurrence ; Survival Rate ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms* ; Urinary Bladder*

Cells or the monocyte-macrophage lineage are known to exhibit tumoricidal activity following stimulation by BCG, interferon -gamma (INF-gamma) or bacterial products such as lipopolysaccharide(LPS). While the mechanisms involved remain obscure, the generation of reactive nitrogen intermediateds (RNI) by activated macrophage is considered a major participant in mediating the tumoricidal effect. In this study, the authors intended to know the effects of BCG infection on the production and secretion of RNI in the experimental animals. Sprauge-Dawley rats were instillated with BCG intravesically. The production of RNI from peritoneal macrophages and urinary secretion of RNI were measured after intravesical BCG instillation of the rats. The urinary concentration(micrometer/L) of nitrite, stable oxidized form of nitric oxide(N0-), 1 week after intravesical BCG instillation was 20+/-0.5 in the group I (control). 54+/-1.0 in group II (BCG 1x). 63+/-0.5 in group III (BCG 10x) and 17+/-0.5 in group IV (BCG 10x + N(G)MMA). The urinary nitrite concentration(micrometer/L) 3 weeks after intravesical BCG instillation was 17+/-2.0 in group I, 124+/-3.0 in group II, 210+2.5 in group III and 31+/-0.5 in group IV. The production of RNI by peritoneal macrophages 3 weeks after intravesical BCG instillation increased in group III (45+/-2.0 micrometer/L) compared to group I (5+/-1.0 micrometer/L). The peritoneal macrophages treated with LPS and INF-gamma increased nitrite production (36+/-0.5 in group I , 52+/-1.5 micrometer/L in group III). The production of RNI by peritoneal macrophages was inhibited by the treatment of the rats with N(G)MMA (19+/-0.5 in group 1, 17+/-1.5 micrometer/L in group III). The results of this study showed that BCG infection of the rat via intravesical instillation makes the peritoneal macrophages produced RNI and increases the secretion of RNI in the urine. This study suggest that the effects of BCG infection for the treatment of bladder cancer might be mediated by the production or RNI in the tumor bearing host.
Administration, Intravesical ; Animals ; Interferons ; Macrophages ; Macrophages, Peritoneal* ; Mycobacterium bovis* ; Negotiating ; Nitrogen* ; Rats* ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms

The effects of intravesical instillation of mitomycin-C(MMC) as inhibitor of development of experimental bladder tumors induced by N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl) nitrosamine(BBN) were morphologically studied. BBN was administered for 12 weeks orally and then MMC was instilled intravesically once a week with different concentration of 2 mg/ml and 5 mg/ml and doses of 4 and 8 times. There was a significant reduction in incidence if papilloma in group V which received MMC 2 mg/ml for 8 times and also there were significant reductions in incidence of carcinoma in all MMC treated groups except group III which received MMC 2 mg/ml for 4 times. These results indicate that intravesical instillation of MMC is an effective method to prevent bladder carcinogenesis. The ultrastructural effects of MMC were studied by transmission electron microscope. Partial nucleolar fragmentation and decrease in number and height of the surface microvilli of tumor cells resulting in overall increase in intercellular space and cellular detachment from the tumor surface might have played a role in reduction of cancerincidence.
Administration, Intravesical ; Animals ; Carcinogenesis ; Extracellular Space ; Incidence ; Microvilli ; Mitomycin* ; Papilloma ; Rats* ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms* ; Urinary Bladder*