Administration, Inhalation ; Humans ; Respiratory Therapy

Administration, Inhalation ; Humans ; Methamphetamine ; Myocardial Infarction

Glutaraldehyde is a kind of volatile and irritating aldehyde organic compound, which belongs to high-efficiency disinfectant. It has a strong stimulating effect on the mucous membranes of the eyes, respiratory tract and digestive tract, and skin causing denaturation, liquefaction and necrosis of mucous membrane proteins. This article analyzes the treatment process of a patient with high-concentration glutaraldehyde poisoning by oral and inhalation, and discusses the clinical manifestations and prognosis of high-concentration glutaraldehyde poisoning, so as to provide a basis for clinical treatment.
Administration, Inhalation ; Aldehydes ; Glutaral ; Humans ; Respiratory System

This paper discusses the limitations of current NO inhalation systems, based on the research in collocation of NO, inspection of NO/NO2 and synchronous working of NO inhalation systems with ventilators. And then, the developing trend of NO inhalation systems is put forward here too.
Administration, Inhalation ; Nitric Oxide ; administration & dosage ; Ventilators, Mechanical ; trends

PURPOSE: Adherence to treatment with inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) is a critical determinant of asthma control. The objective of this study was to assess factors that determine adherence to ICS therapy in children with asthma. METHODS: Fifty-eight children with asthma, aged 5 to 16 years, used ICS with or without a spacer for 3 months. Adherence rates as measured from questionnaires and canisters, asthma symptom scores, and inhalation technique scores were assessed every 30 days. The degree of supervision by caregivers was assessed at day 30. RESULTS: Adherence rates measured using canisters were lower at day 60 than at day 30 (P=0.044) and did not change thereafter (74.4%+/-17.4% at day 30, 66.5%+/-18.4% at day 60, and 67.4%+/-22.2% at day 90). Adherence rates at days 60 and 90 and during the total study period were significantly different when measured by using questionnaires versus canisters (P<0.001, P=0.022, and P=0.001, respectively). In the comparison of adherence rates repeatedly measured at days 30, 60, and 90 and adherence rates during the total study period among the 3 groups, adherence rates in the high-degree supervision group were significantly higher than those in the low-degree supervision group (82.0+/-16.0 vs. 66.1+/-14.5, 75.4+/-14.4 vs. 56.2+/-18.4, 75.0+/-18.3 vs. 55.0+/-19.7 [P=0.027]; 77.9+/-12.2 vs. 59.1+/-11.4 [P=0.021]) after adjustment for sex and age. CONCLUSION: The level of caregiver supervision is an important factor affecting adherence to ICS therapy in children with asthma. Therefore, a high degree of supervision may be required to increase adherence to ICS therapy in children with asthma.
Adrenal Cortex Hormones* ; Asthma* ; Caregivers ; Child* ; Humans ; Inhalation ; Organization and Administration*

INTRODUCTIONDraw-over anaesthesia remains an attractive option for conduct of anaesthesia in austere conditions. The Diamedica Draw-over Vaporiser (DDV) is a modern draw-over vaporiser and has separate models for isoflurane/halothane and sevoflurane.

MATERIALS AND METHODSA laboratory study was done to measure sevoflurane output in an isoflurane/ halothane DDV. We did 3 series of experiments with the isoflurane/halothane DDV. We measured anaesthetic agent output in both push-over and draw-over setups, and at minute ventilation of 6 L/min and 3 L/min. Series 1 experiment was done with isoflurane in the DDV at ambient temperature of 20°C. Series 2 experiment was done with sevoflurane in the DDV at ambient temperature of 20°C. Series 3 experiment was done with sevoflurane in the DDV and with the DDV placed in a water bath of 40°C.

RESULTSThe sevoflurane output was found to be two-thirds of the isoflurane/ halothane DDV dial setting at ambient temperature of 20°C. With the DDV in a 40°C water bath, the sevoflurane output was found to be about the isoflurane/ halothane DDV dial settings.

CONCLUSIONIn our experiment, we show that it is possible to use sevoflurane in an isoflurane/halothane DDV.

Anesthesia, Inhalation ; instrumentation ; methods ; Anesthetics, Inhalation ; administration & dosage ; Halothane ; Humans ; Isoflurane ; Methyl Ethers ; administration & dosage ; Nebulizers and Vaporizers ; Temperature

Objective To observe the effects of two different intranasal dexmedetomidine doses as premedication on the ECof sevoflurane for successful laryngeal mask airway placement in children. Methods Children aged 3-6 years, of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status 1, and scheduled for plastic surgery were enrolled in this study. Children were assigned to receive either spray administration of intranasal dexmedetomidine 1 μg/kg (group D1, n=21) or 2 μg/kg (group D2, n=20) approximately 30 minutes before anesthesia. Anesthesia was induced with sevoflurane up to 8% in 100% O, with fresh gas flow set to 6 L/min. After the pupil fixed to the middle position, sevoflurane dial setting was reduced to 5% and fresh gas flow reduced to 3 L/min. The endtidal sevofluran (ET) concentration for laryngeal mask airway insertion sustained for 10 minutes after vein intubation, which was determined according to the Dixon's up and down method. The initial endtidal sevoflurane concentration in each group was set at 2%. ETwas increased/decreased (1:1.2) in the next patient according to the response to laryngeal mask airway insertion. Bispectral index, mask acceptance, all response to laryngeal mask airway insertion, and ETof laryngeal mask airway insertion of children were recorded. Results The bispectral index value was 77.4±3.6 in group D2, which was significantly lower than that (87.4±1.9) in group D1 when children entered operation room (P<0.05). Mask acceptance was 76.2% in group D1 and 90.0% in group D2. The ECof sevoflurane for laryngeal mask airway insertion was 1.09% (95% CI=0.89%-1.28%) in group D2, which was lower than 1.59% (95% CI=1.41%-1.78%) in group D1 (P<0.05). Conclusion Compared with the dose of 1 μg/kg, spray administration of intranasal dexmedetomidine 2 μg/kg as premedication can reduce the sevoflurane ECfor successful laryngeal mask airway placement in children.
Administration, Intranasal ; Anesthesia ; Anesthetics, Inhalation ; administration & dosage ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Dexmedetomidine ; administration & dosage ; Humans ; Laryngeal Masks ; Methyl Ethers ; administration & dosage

College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan,430074 Inhaled nitric oxide (INO) is increasingly being used in medical treatments of high blood pressure, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and some diseases related with lungs. In this paper, in view of the problems in the current supply systems of NO for the treatments of respiratory failure, an INO system for clinical applications is designed based on experimental studies. Its continuous trial run shows that the outlet concentration of NO can be supplied constantly, and the ratio of NO2/NO is about 2.7%. So it satisfies the clinical requirements (NO2/NO<5%). In comparison of the conventional NO supply systems, this system has significant advantages, it can work so long as the air and the electricity exist.
Administration, Inhalation ; Equipment Design ; Humans ; Nebulizers and Vaporizers ; Nitric Oxide ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Respiratory Insufficiency ; therapy

To prepare and evaluate dry powder inhalation (DPI) of extraction of Trollius chinensis Bunge (TCB). Orthodox design was employed to optimize the parameters of spray drying to prepare micronized TCB powder, the DPI was prepared by mixing micronized TCB powder and lactose. The results showed that the fine particle fraction (FPF) and emitted dose (ED) of micronized TCB powder was (21.07 +/- 1.74)%, (75.31 +/- 21.05)%, respectively, and for DPI was (56.4 +/- 2.2)%, (95.9 +/- 3.0)%, respectively. Therefore, the prepared DPI meeted requirements in the Chinese Pharmacopeia, indicating a good application prospect.
Administration, Inhalation ; Dry Powder Inhalers ; Excipients ; Plant Extracts ; administration & dosage ; isolation & purification ; Powders ; Ranunculaceae

AIMTo determine insulin and its related substances in insulin powder for inhalation by reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography method.

METHODSThe initial mobile phase was solution A (0.1% trifluoroacetic acid-acetonitril 70:30) and changed to solution B (0.1% trifluoroacetic acid-acetonitril 60:40) in 30 minutes. The flow rate was 2.0 mL.min-1, the column temperature was 30 degrees C, the wave length was 280 nm, the injected volume was 20 microL.

RESULTSInsulin was well separated from other peaks induced in different conditions. There was good linear relationship between the amount of insulin and its peak area, the RSD was 1.1%, the insulin solution for determination was stable in 12 hours, and the quantity detected was near the added.

CONCLUSIONThe method is simple and accurate to detect insulin and its related substances in insulin and its preparations.

Administration, Inhalation ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Insulin ; administration & dosage ; analysis ; Powders ; analysis