In this article, the literatures concerning the mechanism of TCM in anti-tumor and tumor metastasis prevention in recent years were reviewed and summarized into categories of effective components, effective portion, extraction of single drug, and TCM compound.
Adjuvants, Immunologic ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Angiogenesis Inhibitors ; therapeutic use ; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic ; therapeutic use ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; prevention & control ; Neoplasms ; pathology ; prevention & control ; Phytotherapy ; methods ; trends

Adjuvants, Immunologic ; therapeutic use ; Animals ; Antiviral Agents ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Drug Design ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; SARS Virus ; chemistry ; drug effects ; Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ; drug therapy ; rehabilitation

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of Chinese recipe, Wuye Decoction (WYD), on immune function in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

METHODSEighty-two patients of NSCLC with pathologically confirmed diagnosis, who had received operative treatment and completed the post-operational chemotherapy, were randomly assigned into 2 groups. Group A (42 cases) received WYD and Group B (40 cases) received no specific medicine. Positive rate of various peripheral lymphocyte subsets, including CD3, CD4, CD8, CD16, CD19 and CD25, in both groups was observed immediately after chemotherapy (T(0)) and 3 months later (T(1)), the same indexes of 20 healthy volunteers allocated in Group C were also determined at T(0) for control.

RESULTSThe positive rates of CD4, CD4/CD8, CD16, CD19 and CD25 were significantly lower (P < 0.05) while that of CD8 was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in Group A and B at T(0) than those in Group C; at T(1), these indexes, except CD25, got significantly restored in Group A with the level approaching normal range (P > 0.05), and showed significant difference from those in Group B (P < 0.05), since these indexes in that group remained unchanged at the corresponding period. As for CD25, it was insignificantly changed in Group A after WYD treatment, and thus, at T(1), it was still lower than that in Group C (P < 0.05) and showed insignificant difference as compared with that in Group B (P > 0.05). Comparison of CD3 among the 3 groups showed no significant difference (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONWYD could activate the immune function of NSCLC patients, and so it is recommended to be used in the treatment of NSCLC in clinical practice.

Adjuvants, Immunologic ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ; drug therapy ; immunology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; immunology ; Lymphocyte Subsets ; immunology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Phenotype

This paper summarized the recent 6 years' progress of anti-HIV compounds and traditional Chinese medicines by searching international network and reviewing the domestic and foreign literature. Traditional Chinese medicinal appeared to be a rich source of potentially useful materials for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus infection. Some of them are much more potent in anti-HIV activity. And some components extracted from the herbs are even more tonic than the crude herb medicines. It has been proved that some active components such as alkaloids, proteins, flavonoids, quercetin, terpene, lignanoid are able to work on anti-HIV. People should pay more attention to the study of traditional Chinese medicine and the leading compounds on anti-HIV/AIDS in the clinic and in the laboratory. So searching for high efficacy and low toxicity anti-HIV drug from traditional Chinese medicine is an important and prospective research direction in the future.
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; drug therapy ; Adjuvants, Immunologic ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Anti-HIV Agents ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; HIV ; drug effects ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Phytotherapy ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo study the anti-tumor effect and immune function modulation of Xiaoliu decoction (XLD) and to explore the possible mechanism.

METHODSS180 tumor bearing mice were treated with large or small dose of XLD and cyclophosphamide (CTX) to observe the tumor suppressive rate, lymphocyte transformation rate, natural killer cell (NK) activity, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) level in the mice, as well as the tumor cell apoptosis in vitro.

RESULTSThe tumor suppressive rate of XLD on tumor bearing mice was over 30%. XLD showed obvious trend in enhancing the tumor suppressing rate of chemotherapy, could increase the lymphocyte transformation rate, NK activity, and TNFalpha level. It also could accelerate the tumor cell apoptosis in vitro.

CONCLUSIONXLD has significant anti-tumor effect, it could elevate the immune function or organism and alleviate the chemotherapy induced lowering of immune function.

Adjuvants, Immunologic ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Cyclophosphamide ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Killer Cells, Natural ; immunology ; Lymphocyte Activation ; drug effects ; Male ; Mice ; Phytotherapy ; Sarcoma 180 ; drug therapy ; immunology ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; analysis

OBJECTIVETo investigate the treatment effect of autologous HBsAg-loaded dendritic cells (DCs) on patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB).

METHODSMonocytes were isolated from fresh peripheral blood of 19 CHB patients by Ficoll-Hypaque density gradient centrifugating and cultured with plastic -adherence method. DCs were induced and proliferated from the monocytes with granulocyte-macrophage clony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) for seven days. After being incubated with HBsAg for two hours, DCs were injected to patients subcutaneously twice at the interval of two weeks. HBV DNA level, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level, and HBV markers in the serum of patients were tested every two months.

RESULTS11 of the 19 (57.9%) patients responded to DC-treatment clinically. The rates of HBeAg clearance and HBeAg/anti-HBe seroconversion were 52.6% (10/19) and 26.3% (5/19) respectively, and the copies of HBV DNA decreased by 10(1.77 2.39) (t = 3.13, P < 0.01). Two patients who were treated in combination with lamivudine had complete clinical response. There was no difference in the trial effect between the DC treatment and the other two antiviral methods, and in the efficient rate between the patients whose ALT levels were high before treatment and those whose ALT levels were normal.

CONCLUSIONThe autologous HBsAg-loaded DCs can effectively suppress HBV replication, reduce virus load in serum, eliminate HBeAg and promote HBeAg/ anti-HBe seroconversion. The patients whose ALT levels are high or normal can response clinically to DCs treatment. DCs in combination with lamivudine can eliminate virus more effectively.

Adjuvants, Immunologic ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Antiviral Agents ; therapeutic use ; Cells, Cultured ; Dendritic Cells ; cytology ; immunology ; virology ; Female ; Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor ; pharmacology ; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens ; immunology ; Hepatitis B Vaccines ; biosynthesis ; therapeutic use ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; drug therapy ; physiopathology ; Humans ; Interleukin-4 ; pharmacology ; Lamivudine ; therapeutic use ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Virus Replication ; drug effects

OBJECTIVETo improve the anti-tumor effect of dendritic cytoma vaccine (DCV) for finding an effective anti-tumor biotherapy.

METHODSDC vaccine prepared by transfection of adenovirus mediated melanoma-associated antigen gene (gp100) into bone marrow-derived dendritic cell (DC) was used to study the immuno-therapeutic effect and the mechanism of lentinan (LNT) in different dosages, used alone or combined with gp100-DC for treatment of B16 melanoma bearing mice.

RESULTSAfter being treated with LNT combining gp100-DC, the growth of malignant melanoma was inhibited with the tumor-free survival in the experimental animals being 66.7%. The treatment could also significantly enhance the activity of cytotoxicity T lymphocyte (CTL) and natural killer (NK) cells, elevate the levels of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) in splenocytes, and histological examination showed that a large amount of inflammatory cells infiltrated inside and around the tumor, and obvious necrosis of tumor cells was found.

CONCLUSIONBy combined use with LNT the anti-tumor immuno-reaction of DCV vaccine could be enhanced effectively.

Adjuvants, Immunologic ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Cancer Vaccines ; administration & dosage ; immunology ; Cell Line ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Dendritic Cells ; cytology ; immunology ; Female ; Humans ; Lentinan ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Melanoma, Experimental ; immunology ; pathology ; therapy ; Membrane Glycoproteins ; genetics ; immunology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Random Allocation ; Shiitake Mushrooms ; chemistry ; Survival Analysis ; Transfection ; gp100 Melanoma Antigen

In this study, we examined the therapeutic effects of an immune-stimulating peptide, WKYMVm, in ulcerative colitis. The administration of WKYMVm to dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-treated mice reversed decreases in body weight, bleeding score and stool score in addition to reversing DSS-induced mucosa destruction and shortened colon. The WKYMVm-induced therapeutic effect against ulcerative colitis was strongly inhibited by a formyl peptide receptor (FPR) 2 antagonist, WRWWWW, indicating the crucial role of FPR2 in this effect. Mechanistically, WKYMVm effectively decreases intestinal permeability by stimulating colon epithelial cell proliferation. WKYMVm also strongly decreases interleukin-23 and transforming growth factor-beta production in the colon of DSS-treated mice. We suggest that the potent immune-modulating peptide WKYMVm and its receptor FPR2 may be useful in the development of efficient therapeutic agents against chronic intestinal inflammatory diseases.
Adjuvants, Immunologic/pharmacology/*therapeutic use ; Animals ; Caco-2 Cells ; Cell Proliferation ; Colitis, Ulcerative/*drug therapy/metabolism ; Colon/pathology ; Humans ; Interleukin-23/genetics/metabolism ; Intestinal Mucosa/drug effects/metabolism/pathology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Oligopeptides/pharmacology/*therapeutic use ; Permeability ; Receptors, Formyl Peptide/antagonists & inhibitors ; Transforming Growth Factor beta/genetics/metabolism

Adjuvants, Immunologic ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Antiviral Agents ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; DNA, Viral ; blood ; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens ; blood ; Hepatitis B e Antigens ; blood ; Hepatitis B virus ; drug effects ; immunology ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; drug therapy ; immunology ; virology ; Humans ; Immunotherapy ; Prognosis ; Virus Replication ; drug effects

OBJECTIVETo investigate the high expression of HPV16L2N120E7E6 fusion protein by prokaryotic expression system, and evaluate its immunogenicity and antitumor efficacy in vaccinated mice.

METHODSThe HPV16L2N120E7E6 fusion gene, its codons were optimized to increase the expression of the protein, was constructed by overlap extension PCR and inserted into prokaryotic expression vector pET9a. Then the fusion protein was expressed by inducing with IPTG in E. coli strain BL21 (DE3) harboring with plasmid pETL2N120E7E6, and further detected by SDS-PAGE and Western-blot. Finally, the humoral and cellular immune responses were measured by ELISA and ELISPOT, respectively, in vaccinated mice with the purified HPV16L2N120E7E6 fusion protein, and the antitumor efficacy was assessed in mice using the TC-1 tumor challenge model.

RESULTSThe codon-optimized HPV16L2N120E7E6 fusion gene was highly expressed in E. coli strain BL21 (DE3) harboring with plasmid pETL2N120E7E6, and the amount of fusion protein was nearly 48.6% of the total bacterial protein. The purified fusion protein could induce high titer of specific antibody against L2, E7 and E6 in vaccinated mice. When accompanied with the adjuvant CpG, the fusion protein was able to elicit strong and moderate cellular immune responses in vaccinated mice against peptide HPV16E7(49-57) and peptide pools of HPV16E6, respectively. Furthermore, the tumor therapeutic experiment showed that HPV16L2N120E7E6 + CpG could prevent the tumor formation in 80.0% (8/10) vaccinated mice.

CONCLUSIONSThe data of this study suggest that HPV16L2N120E7E6 fusion protein could be a promising candidate vaccine for treatment of chronic HPV16 infection and post-operative adjuvant therapy for cervical cancer.

Adjuvants, Immunologic ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Cancer Vaccines ; immunology ; therapeutic use ; Capsid Proteins ; genetics ; immunology ; metabolism ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; Codon ; Escherichia coli ; immunology ; metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Immunization ; methods ; Immunotherapy ; methods ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Oligodeoxyribonucleotides ; immunology ; Oncogene Proteins, Viral ; genetics ; immunology ; metabolism ; Papillomavirus E7 Proteins ; genetics ; immunology ; metabolism ; Papillomavirus Vaccines ; immunology ; therapeutic use ; Plasmids ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins ; genetics ; immunology ; metabolism ; Repressor Proteins ; genetics ; immunology ; metabolism