Adipose Tissue ; transplantation ; Humans ; Mammaplasty ; methods ; Safety ; Transplantation, Autologous

BACKGROUND: Fat grafting, or lipofilling, represent frequent clinically used entities. The fate of these transplants is still not predictable, whereas only few animal models are available for further research. Quantum dots (QDs) are semiconductor nanocrystals which can be conveniently tracked in vivo due to photoluminescence. METHODS: Fat grafts in cluster form were labeled with cadmium-telluride (CdTe)-QD 770 and transplanted subcutaneously in a murine in vivo model. Photoluminescence levels were serially followed in vivo. RESULTS: Tracing of fat grafts was possible for 50 days with CdTe-QD 770. The remaining photoluminescence was 4.9%±2.5% for the QDs marked fat grafts after 30 days and 4.2%± 1.7% after 50 days. There was no significant correlation in the relative course of the tracking signal, when vital fat transplants were compared to non-vital graft controls. CONCLUSIONS: For the first-time fat grafts were tracked in vivo with CdTe-QDs. CdTe-QDs could offer a new option for in vivo tracking of fat grafts for at least 50 days, but do not document vitality of the grafts.
Adipocytes ; Adipose Tissue* ; Models, Animal ; Quantum Dots* ; Transplantation ; Transplants*

OBJECTIVEClinical application of autologous fat grafting (AFG) is quickly expanding. Despite the widely acceptance, long-term survival rate (SR) of AFG remains a question not yet solved. Meanwhile, although rare, severe complications related to AFG including vision loss, stroke even death could be seen in the literature.

DATA SOURCESA comprehensive research of PubMed database to June 2013 was performed according to guidelines of the American Society of Plastic Surgeons Fat Graft Task Force Assessment Methodology. Articles were screened using predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria.

STUDY SELECTIONData collected included patient characteristics, surgical technique, donor site, recipient site, graft amount, and quantified measurement methods. Patient cohorts were pooled, and SR was calculated. All the severe complications were also summarized according to the different clinical characteristics.

RESULTSOf 550 articles, 16 clinical articles and 10 animal studies met the inclusion criteria and provided quantified measurement methods. Totally, 596 patients were included. SR varied from 34% to 82% in breast and 30-83% in the facial area. Nude mice were applied to investigate human fat grafting SR (38.3-52.5% after 15 weeks). Rabbits were commonly used to study animal AFG SR (14.00-14.56% after 1-year). Totally, 21 severe complications were reported, including death (2), stroke (10), vision loss (11, 8 of which accompanied with stroke), sepsis (3), multiple abscess (1) and giant fat necrotic cyst (2). Ten of these complications happened within 10 years.

CONCLUSIONSThere is no unified measurement method to evaluate fat graft SR until now and no clinical evidence to show better SR according to different donor and recipient cite. Body mass index change between pre- and postoperation may be the bias factor in evaluating fat SR. Fat embolisms of the ophthalmic artery and the middle cerebral artery are the most severe complication of AFG and still lack of effective treatment.

Adipose Tissue ; transplantation ; Animals ; Autografts ; Humans ; Survival Rate

This article summarizes methods of repair of massive and deep wounds, elucidates how to improve wound healing quality and avoid scar deformity after deep burn. A part of denatured dermis (non-necrotic) in deep partial-thickness burn, "mixed degree" burn, even in full-thickness burn wounds before forming eschar can be preserved and covered with autologous skin, thereby to avoid secondary damage to the structure of subcutaneous tissue and the junction of dermis-adipose, thus to result in good functions, appearance, and survival rate. After skin grafting, wound healing quality and appearance are improved, joint function and elasticity of skin are enhanced, the degree of scar contracture is relieved due to preservation of normal adipose tissue after escharectomy. The study of composite artificial skin will be actively developed in the future. Tissue-engineering skin and stem cells can be successfully used in patients with deep burns for scarless healing with restoration of physiological functions in a short period.
Adipose Tissue ; transplantation ; Burns ; surgery ; therapy ; Humans ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; Skin Transplantation ; Tissue Engineering ; Wound Healing

Regenerative medicine is an emerging discipline. Adipose tissue is a rich source of fat cells and mesenchymal stem cells, and autologous fat grafting has increasingly been applied in plastic surgeries and dermatological treatments. This paper reviews the latest advances in autologous fat grafting in scar revision.
Adipocytes ; transplantation ; Adipose Tissue ; cytology ; Cicatrix ; surgery ; Humans ; Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures

OBJECTIVETo observe the effects of the fat flap tissues after delay operation on free fat-graft survival rate and duration.

METHODSThe delay operation of fat flaps was performed in the inguinal region of a rabbit. Expression of VEGF was assayed using Elisa method after 12 hours of flap delay. The fat flaps were harvested and cut into pieces after 21 days. A subdermal pocket was created in each side of the dorsal midline of a rabbit, the fat pieces were grafted randomly into a pocket and the normal fat pieces into the other pocket as control. After 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months of implantation, the grafted fats were harvested, gross observation, weight measurement and histology were carried out. Number of the vessels stained with anti-CD34 antibody was counted out.

RESULTSVEGF concentrations in flaps were significantly higher (P < 0.05). The density of vessels in experimental groups increased significantly compared with that in control groups at 1 and 3 months, respectively (P < 0.01), and no significant differences in the survival rate of fat tissues between experimental and control groups were observed at 1 and 3 months (P > 0.05). The fat cells from the flaps survived after 12 months of fat plantation, while those in control groups disappeared after 6 months.

CONCLUSIONSThe survival rate and duration of grafted fat could be increased implanting the fat tissues from delayed fat flap, which may provide researchers with a new method for fat graft.

Adipocytes ; transplantation ; Adipose Tissue ; transplantation ; Animals ; Graft Survival ; Male ; Rabbits ; Surgical Flaps

OBJECTIVETo observe the effects of autologous fat granules in mixed grafting microskin grafts on repair of extensive deep burn wounds in patients.

METHODSTwenty patients hospitalized in our ward were enrolled for autogenous self-control test in wounds on both or symmetrical parts of wounds of the trunk, and they were randomly divided into experimental (E) trol (C) groups, the wounds in E group were repaired with autologous fat granules together with microskin in mixed grafting (volume ratio 1 : 1), and in C group only autologous microskin grafting was given. Wound healing rate was measured on 30th, 45th, and 60th day after operation. Wound specimens harvested for HE staining and PCNA immunohistochemistry examination on 7th, 14th, 21st, and after operation.

RESULTS(1) The mean wound healing rate on 30th, 45th, and 60th day after E group was (56.3 +/- 3.1)%, (76.4 +/-6.1)%, (96.2 +/- 1.5)%, which were respectively higher C group [(28.3 +/-2.0)%, (47.3 +/-4.8)%, (85.4 +/- 2.2)%, P < 0.01]. HE staining showed epithelization in E group was earlier than that in C group, with regular arrangement of collagen fibers. The quantity NA positive cells in E group were larger than that in C group, and PCNA was mainly expressed cells of basal layer .

CONCLUSIONAutologous fat granules in mixed grafting with autologous microskin promote wound healing.

Adipose Tissue ; transplantation ; Adult ; Burns ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Skin Transplantation ; methods ; Transplantation, Autologous ; Transplantation, Homologous ; Wound Healing

OBJECTIVETo investigate the function of basic fibroblastic growth factor on the survival of fat transplantation.

METHODSBasic fibroblastic growth factor was used in pearl fat graft transplantation on experimental animal models. Microvessels densities both on experimental sides and control sides were quantitatively researched in various periods. The growth course of vessels was observed.

RESULTSMicrovessels can be observed clearly. The Microvessels densities both on experimental sides and control sides raised gradually. The density reached highest in 14 days on experimental side and in 28 days on control side, and fell down slightly later. The densities on every experimental sides were higher than that on control sides.

CONCLUSIONSBasic fibroblastic growth factor can effectually accelerate the growth of blood vessels in pearl fat graft.

Adipose Tissue ; transplantation ; Animals ; Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 ; therapeutic use ; Neovascularization, Physiologic ; physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Tissue Transplantation ; methods

OBJECTIVETo introduce the experience in the treatment of lower eyelid pouches orbital rim.

METHODSAn incision was made along the margin of lower eyelid and dissection was performed under the orbicularis muscle to expose the orbital septum and periosteum of lower orbital rim. The fat released from orbital septum was transposed just below the lower orbital rim and fixed on the periosteum. If lacrimal groove deformity was not corrected completely, the musculocutaneous flap, which may be excised beside the incision, was kept to correct the deformities further with only the muscle portion.

RESULTS72 cases with lower eyelid pouches complicated with lacrimal groove deformities were treated with transposition of orbital fat and orbicularis muscular flaps. Satisfactory results were achieved in all the patients after a follow-up period of 3-6 months.

CONCLUSIONIt is an effective and feasible technique to correct lacrimal groove deformities with transposition of orbital fat and orbicularis muscular flaps.

Adipose Tissue ; transplantation ; Aged ; Blepharoplasty ; methods ; Eyelids ; surgery ; Humans ; Orbit ; Periosteum ; surgery

OBJECTIVETo investigate the technique and therapeutic effect for correction of sunken eyes combined with ptosis.

METHODSIn order to adjust the levator muscle tension and the relationship between levator aponeurosis and tarsus plate, multiple individualized treatment was selected, including levator aponeurosis restoration, levator aponeurosis plication, or shorten, or combination. Then the orbital fat was transferred to the depressed area, or autologous fat particles were collected and injected into the depressed area within the orbital fat fascia. After the orbital septum fascia was restored, the incision was closed primarily.

RESULTS15 cases (30 eyes) were treated. 11 cases were followed up for 6-40 months (average, 9.5 months) with satisfactory cosmetic and functional result. No recurrence of ptosis happened.

CONCLUSIONSOne-stage correction of sunken eyes combined with ptosis can be achieved with autologous fat injection or orbital fat transposition. Good cosmetic and functional result can be achieved.

Adipose Tissue ; transplantation ; Aged ; Blepharoplasty ; methods ; Blepharoptosis ; surgery ; Eyelids ; Fasciotomy ; Humans ; Oculomotor Muscles ; surgery ; Orbit