1.Analysis of body composition in patients with Crohn's disease.
Ting YAN ; Lingling LI ; Qinyan WU ; Xiang GAO ; Pinjin HU ; Qing HE
Chinese Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2014;17(10):981-984
OBJECTIVETo investigate the differences in body composition between Crohn's disease(CD) patients and healthy subjects as well as the characteristics of human body composition in various types of CD.
METHODSA total of 57 CD patients were prospectively selected from the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University as the study group, while 51 healthy subjects as the control group. Protein content, mineral content, fat content, lean body mass, waist circumference, and hip circumference in the two groups were measured by body composition analyzer. Characteristics of CD at different location and different disease activity index were investigated as well.
RESULTSIntracellular fluid, extracellular fluid, weight, protein content, fat content, lean body mass, muscle weight, body fat ratio, waist hip ratio, body weight ratio, arm muscle circumference, arm circumference, quality of cells, BMI and basal metabolic rate in CD patients were significantly lower than those in control group(all P<0.05). Proportion of protein-deficiency patients and fat-deficiency patients were 66.7% and 47.4% respectively. Protein content, fat content, and lean body mass in ileocolic CD patients were lower than those with small bowel and colonic CD(all P<0.05). Protein content, fat content, lean body mass in patients with high disease activity index were lower than those in patients with low and medium index, but higher basal metablic rate was found in the former group(all P<0.05).
CONCLUSIONSThe human body composition in patients with CD are different from healthy people. Disease location and disease activity index have an impact on protein content, fat content, and lean body mass.
Adipose Tissue ; Body Composition ; Body Weight ; Crohn Disease ; physiopathology ; Humans
2.The role of infrapatellar fat pad in knee osteoarthritis and total knee arthroplasty.
Zhiwei ZHANG ; Qiang JIAO ; Min ZHANG ; Xiaochun WEI
Chinese Journal of Surgery 2016;54(4):309-312
Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is the most common knee joint disease. Although KOA belongs to a disease of degeneration of knee joint cartilage, its pathology involves cartilage, subchondral bone, meniscus, synovial membrane, articular capsule and other joint tissue. The infrapatellar fat pad (IPFP), an intracapsular but extrasynovial structure, has some special characteristics of endocrine metabolism, then it has double roles in the development of KOA, but its protective effect is much more than harmful effect. Considering protective roles of IPFP in KOA and some serious complications after IPFP resection, the surgeon shall protect IPFP as far as possible if total knee arthroplasty surgical field is good. If it is necessary to improve the surgical field, its fibrotic tissue even all part can be removed.
Adipose Tissue
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physiology
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Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee
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Humans
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Knee Joint
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physiopathology
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surgery
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Osteoarthritis, Knee
;
surgery
3.Discussion of mechanism on acupoint embedding for obesity.
Lishu CHEN ; Dawei WANG ; Yonghua ZHAO
Chinese Acupuncture & Moxibustion 2018;38(3):319-323
To explore the mechanism of acupoint embedding for obesity based on the western pathological mechanism of chronic low inflammatory response inducing the imbalance between"promoting inflammation"and"anti-inflammation"in immune reaction, and the pathological nature of deficient healthy and state of evil domination in the TCM theory induced by the"stagnation heat, phlegm heat, dampness heat, stasis heat"on the basis of deficiency. The mechanism may be improving the secretory disorder of adipose tissue and metabolic inflammatory response by the enhanced anti-inflammatory phagocytosis clearance ability in the immune system which is caused by the new inflammatory reaction under the stimulation of innate immune response pattern. The model of"inhibiting chronic low inflammation reaction through the innate immunity"may be an important mechanism of acupoint embedding for obesity.
Acupuncture Points
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Adipose Tissue
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physiopathology
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Humans
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Immunity, Innate
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Inflammation
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therapy
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Medicine, Chinese Traditional
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Obesity
;
therapy
4.Reduction in Visceral Adiposity is Highly Related to Improvement in Vascular Endothelial Dysfunction among Obese Women: An Assessment of Endothelial Function by Radial Artery Pulse Wave Analysis.
Yonsei Medical Journal 2005;46(4):511-518
Because obesity is frequently complicated by other cardiovascular risk factors, the impact of a reduction in visceral adiposity on vascular endothelial dysfunction (VED) in obese patients is difficult to determine. In the present study, we evaluated the impact of a reduction in visceral adiposity on VED in obese women. Thirty-six premenopausal obese women (BMI > or = 25 kg/m2) without complications were enrolled in the study. VED was evaluated by determining the augmentation index (AIx) from radial artery pulse waves obtained by applanation tonometry. Changes in AIx in response to nitroglycerin- induced endothelium-independent vasodilatation (delta AIx-NTG) and in response to salbutamol administration (delta AIx-Salb) were determined before and after weight reduction. After a 12-week weight reduction program, the average weight loss was 7.96 +/- 3.47 kg, with losses of 21.88 +/- 20.39 cm2 in visceral fat areas (p < 0.001). Pulse wave analysis combined with provocative pharmacological testing demonstrated preserved endothelium-independent vasodilation in healthy premenopausal obese women (delta AIx-NTG: 31.36 +/- 9.80% before weight reduction vs. 28.25 +/- 11.21% after weight reduction, p > 0.1) and an improvement in endothelial-dependent vasodilation following weight reduction (delta AIx-Salb: 10.03 +/- 6.49% before weight reduction vs. 19.33 +/- 9.28% after reduction, p < 0.001). A reduction in visceral adipose tissue was found to be most significantly related to an increase in delta AIx-Salb (beta=-0.57, p < 0.001). A reduction in visceral adiposity was significantly related to an improvement in VED. This finding suggests that reduction of visceral adiposity may be as important as the control of other major risk factors in the prevention of atherosclerosis in obese women.
Adipose Tissue/*metabolism
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Adult
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Endothelium, Vascular/*physiopathology
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Female
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Humans
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Middle Aged
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Obesity/*physiopathology
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*Pulse
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Radial Artery/*physiology
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Viscera
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Weight Loss
5.Different adipose tissue depots and metabolic syndrome in human.
Acta Physiologica Sinica 2017;69(3):357-365
Obesity is characterized by abnormal and excessive adipose tissue accumulated in the body. Compared with peripheral obesity (the accumulation of subcutaneous adipose tissue), abdominal obesity (the accumulation of visceral adipose tissue) is associated with increased risk of the metabolic syndrome, such as diabetes, hypertension, atherosclerosis, and dyslipidemia. Adipose tissue is a highly heterogeneous endocrine organ. Adipose tissue depots differ significantly in anatomy, cell biology, glucose and lipid metabolism as well as in endocrine regulation. Visceral adipose tissue has a stronger metabolic activity and secrets a larger amount of free fat acids, adipocytokines, hormones and inflammatory factors, which flux into the liver directly via the hepatic portal vein. These characteristics indicate that visceral adiposity may lead to the metabolic syndrome and thus visceral adipose tissue might be the clinical target for the prevention and treatment of obesity.
Adipose Tissue
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pathology
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Humans
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Intra-Abdominal Fat
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pathology
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Lipid Metabolism
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Metabolic Syndrome
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physiopathology
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Obesity
;
physiopathology
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Obesity, Abdominal
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physiopathology
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Subcutaneous Fat
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pathology
6.The Compound Relationship of Smoking and Alcohol Consumption with Obesity.
Yonsei Medical Journal 2001;42(5):480-487
The purpose of this study was to examine 1) whether the relationship between smoking and obesity was linear or non-linear (specifically U-shaped), and 2) if this relationship was proved to U-shaped, whether it was due to the in teraction of the effects of smoking and alcohol consumption on obesity. The present study was performed using cross sectional data taken from the medical records of 400 male patients. Data was analyzed using linear and curvilinear estimation, Fisher's exact test, and two-way ANCOVA. The relationship between smoking intensity and BMI was able to be explained significantly by a quadratic model, rather than by linear model. As has been shown in other studies, this relationship was parabolic (or U-shaped), though it was not particularly remarkable. This U-shaped relationship appeared to be due to the interaction of the effects of smoking intensity and alcohol consumption on BMI. On the other hand, the relationship between smoking intensity and the percentage of body fat was able to be explained significantly by a linear as well as a quadratic model. Additionally, the interaction effect between smoking intensity and alcohol consumption did not influence the percentage of body fat significantly. In conclusion, there is no doubt that smoking and obesity are both serious health hazards. Based on the results of this and other studies, it can be confirmed that heavy smoking has a positive relationship with obesity. Therefore, the health benefits of smoking cessation, as well as the correction of unhealthy habits such as alcohol consumption should be clearly emphasized.
Adipose Tissue/pathology
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Adult
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Aged
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*Alcohol Drinking
;
Body Mass Index
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Human
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Male
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Middle Age
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Obesity/pathology/*physiopathology
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*Smoking
7.Efficacy of sequential ablation of sinus atrial node fat pad and atrial ventricular node fat pad on inducibility of atrial fibrillation evoked by vagus trunk stimulation.
Qi-na ZHOU ; Xiao-qin ZHANG ; Ling ZHANG ; Shang-lei YANG ; Hua CHEN ; Yan-hong MA ; Wei SONG ; Yue-mei HOU
Chinese Journal of Cardiology 2011;39(12):1088-1093
OBJECTIVETo explore the efficacy of sequential ablation of epicardial fat pad on inducibility of atrial fibrillation (AF) evoked by stimulating vagus trunk.
METHODSEighteen adult mongrel dogs were randomly divided into 2 groups (n = 9 each): Group A underwent pre-ablation of sinus-atrial node fad pad (SANFP) and subsequent ablation of atria-ventricular node fad pad (AVNFP). Group B underwent pre-ablation of AVNFP and subsequent ablation of SANFP. AF was induced by high-frequency electrical stimulation of bilateral vagus trunks. The AF inducibility and effective refractory period (ERP) changes during vagus trunk stimulation were examined before and after ablation in atria and pulmonary veins.
RESULTS(1) AF could be induced by vagus trunk stimulation and the incidence was higher during right vagus trunk (RVG) stimulation than left vagus trunk (LVG) stimulation [(60.0 ± 0.0)% vs (18.4 ± 22.1)%]. (2) SANFP ablation significantly attenuated AF inducibility with LVG stimulation and RVG stimulation at 2 V (decreased 67.0% and 72.0%, respectively). Subsequent AVNFP ablation after SANFP ablation further reduced AF inducibility with LVG and RVG stimulation at 2 V (decreased 100.0% and 95.5%, respectively). (3) AVNFP ablation (decreased 95.7% and 96.3%, respectively) and subsequent SANFP ablation after AVNFP ablation (decreased 98.0% and 100.0%, respectively) significantly attenuated AF inducibility with LVG stimulation and RVG stimulation at 2V. (4) Vagal stimulation induced ERP shortening was significantly attenuated by isolated SANFP ablation or AVNFP. Subsequent AVNFP ablation after SANFP induced significant ERP shortening in right atrial site compared with isolated SANFP ablation. However, changes of ERP shortening were similar between AVNFP ablation and subsequent SANFP ablation after AVNFP ablation.
CONCLUSIONSEpicardial fat pad ablation reduced the AF inducibility and prolonged ERP of atria and pulmonary veins during vagus trunk stimulation. AVNFP, as the "integration centers" modulating the vagal innervation to the atria, may be the more effective target of ablation for treating AF.
Adipose Tissue ; Animals ; Atrial Fibrillation ; etiology ; Catheter Ablation ; Dogs ; Electric Stimulation ; adverse effects ; Sinoatrial Node ; physiopathology ; Vagus Nerve
8.Experimental study of repairing fat defect with human hair keratin material.
Jian-guo LUO ; Li HUANG ; Yan-jun YAO ; Ying-qing XIAO ; Jian-min FU
Chinese Journal of Plastic Surgery 2010;26(6):435-439
OBJECTIVETo investigate the feasibility of adipogenesis from human hair keratin (HHK) material, so as to provide a new method for fat defect and depression deformity.
METHODS3 Tibet mini-pigs were used. 8 fat defects (1.5 cm in diameter) were made bilaterally on the back. The ball-shaped HHK material was implanted to repair the defects at one side. The defects at contralateral side were as controls. The absorption of the HHK material and adipogenesis were studied histologically.
RESULTS2 weeks after implantation, connective tissue and capillary grew into the porous HHK material. 4 weeks after implantation, HHK material was almost totally absorbed, leaving some material debris and foreign body granuloma. Around them, there were clusters of adipocyte. 6 weeks after implantation, the HHK material was totally degraded and the granuloma was disappeared, and then de novo adipose tissue was observed. Its volume was close to the volume of peripheral HHK material that was planted originally. 10 weeks later, the new-formed fat tissue had less fibres and was very similar to the normal fat.
CONCLUSIONSNew adipose tissue can be formed after HKK material implantation. It can also be remodeled to be similar to normal fat.
Absorbable Implants ; Adipose Tissue ; injuries ; physiopathology ; Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Humans ; Keratins, Hair-Specific ; pharmacokinetics ; Swine ; Swine, Miniature
9.Relationship Between Body Mass Index and Early Menarche of Adolescent Girls in Seoul.
Chang Mo OH ; In Hwan OH ; Kyung Sik CHOI ; Bong Keun CHOE ; Tai Young YOON ; Joong Myung CHOI
Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health 2012;45(4):227-234
OBJECTIVES: The object of this study was to determine the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and early menarche in adolescent girls in Seoul. METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted with 144 middle school students in Seoul who provided informed consent. We measured their body composition, and used the questionnaire survey method for data collection from November to December 2008. Past elemental body composition data were collected from elementary school health records of first year of middle school. RESULTS: The early menarcheal group was taller and heavier than the late menarcheal group (p<0.05 from 8-12 years old). The body fat percentage (%), BMI were higher in the early menarcheal girls than the late-menarcheal girls (p<0.05, age at 13). In the result of multiple logistic regression, the BMI at the age of 8 and 9 was associated with early menarche after adjusting for birth weight, breast feeding and age at menarche of the mother (BMI at the age of 8: p for trend=0.01, BMI at the age of 9: p for trend=0.04). An increase in BMI from 7 to 8 year was associated with early menarche after adjusting for birth weight, breast feeding, age at menarche of the mother (p for trend=0.048). CONCLUSIONS: The BMI at the age of 8 and 9 was associated with the early menarche of girls and increase in BMI from 7 to 8 year was associated with the early menarche of girls. These results suggest that BMI and increase in BMI before menarche cause early menarche. Although this study does not represent all Korean adolescent girls, it is one of the few studies that have investigated the temporal relationship between BMI and early menarche.
Adipose Tissue/*physiology
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Adolescent
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Age of Onset
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Body Composition/physiology
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*Body Mass Index
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Child
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Female
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Humans
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Menarche/*physiology
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Obesity/physiopathology
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Overweight/*physiopathology
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Republic of Korea/epidemiology
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Retrospective Studies
10.Adipokine and metabolic syndrome.
Acta Academiae Medicinae Sinicae 2006;28(6):840-844
Adipose tissue is not simply a depot of energy, but is an active endocrine organ. The adipokines play an important role in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome. The proinflammatory adipokines secreted from expanded visceral adipose tissue directly induce insulin resistance and vascular injuries. A better understanding of the endocrine function of adipose tissue may lead to more rational therapy for metabolic syndrome.
Adiponectin
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physiology
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Adipose Tissue
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physiopathology
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Drug Design
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Leptin
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physiology
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Metabolic Syndrome
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drug therapy
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physiopathology
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Resistin
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physiology
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Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
;
physiology