Adipocytes ; cytology ; Humans ; Stem Cell Transplantation ; methods ; Stroke ; therapy

BACKGROUND: Fat grafting, or lipofilling, represent frequent clinically used entities. The fate of these transplants is still not predictable, whereas only few animal models are available for further research. Quantum dots (QDs) are semiconductor nanocrystals which can be conveniently tracked in vivo due to photoluminescence. METHODS: Fat grafts in cluster form were labeled with cadmium-telluride (CdTe)-QD 770 and transplanted subcutaneously in a murine in vivo model. Photoluminescence levels were serially followed in vivo. RESULTS: Tracing of fat grafts was possible for 50 days with CdTe-QD 770. The remaining photoluminescence was 4.9%±2.5% for the QDs marked fat grafts after 30 days and 4.2%± 1.7% after 50 days. There was no significant correlation in the relative course of the tracking signal, when vital fat transplants were compared to non-vital graft controls. CONCLUSIONS: For the first-time fat grafts were tracked in vivo with CdTe-QDs. CdTe-QDs could offer a new option for in vivo tracking of fat grafts for at least 50 days, but do not document vitality of the grafts.
Adipocytes ; Adipose Tissue* ; Models, Animal ; Quantum Dots* ; Transplantation ; Transplants*

OBJECTIVETo observe the effects of the fat flap tissues after delay operation on free fat-graft survival rate and duration.

METHODSThe delay operation of fat flaps was performed in the inguinal region of a rabbit. Expression of VEGF was assayed using Elisa method after 12 hours of flap delay. The fat flaps were harvested and cut into pieces after 21 days. A subdermal pocket was created in each side of the dorsal midline of a rabbit, the fat pieces were grafted randomly into a pocket and the normal fat pieces into the other pocket as control. After 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months of implantation, the grafted fats were harvested, gross observation, weight measurement and histology were carried out. Number of the vessels stained with anti-CD34 antibody was counted out.

RESULTSVEGF concentrations in flaps were significantly higher (P < 0.05). The density of vessels in experimental groups increased significantly compared with that in control groups at 1 and 3 months, respectively (P < 0.01), and no significant differences in the survival rate of fat tissues between experimental and control groups were observed at 1 and 3 months (P > 0.05). The fat cells from the flaps survived after 12 months of fat plantation, while those in control groups disappeared after 6 months.

CONCLUSIONSThe survival rate and duration of grafted fat could be increased implanting the fat tissues from delayed fat flap, which may provide researchers with a new method for fat graft.

Adipocytes ; transplantation ; Adipose Tissue ; transplantation ; Animals ; Graft Survival ; Male ; Rabbits ; Surgical Flaps

Regenerative medicine is an emerging discipline. Adipose tissue is a rich source of fat cells and mesenchymal stem cells, and autologous fat grafting has increasingly been applied in plastic surgeries and dermatological treatments. This paper reviews the latest advances in autologous fat grafting in scar revision.
Adipocytes ; transplantation ; Adipose Tissue ; cytology ; Cicatrix ; surgery ; Humans ; Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures

OBJECTIVETo summarize clinical experiences in fat particle injection auto-transplantation during the past ten years.

METHODSRetrospective analysis of 334 cases of fat particle injection auto-transplantation was done, and we suggested the correct method of liposuction and fat injection.

RESULTSIn this series, one patient (0.29%) had a complication, thirty one patients (9.38%) had lower survival of autogenous fat-transplantation.

CONCLUSIONIn order to improve the results of fat-grafting, we must adopt the correct method of liposuction and follow the right rules.

Adipocytes ; transplantation ; Breast Implantation ; Face ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Injections ; Lipectomy ; Male ; Retrospective Studies ; Transplantation, Autologous

When mature adipocytes are subjected to an in vitro dedifferentiation strategy referred to as ceiling culture, these mature adipocytes can revert to dedifferentiated fat (DFAT) cells. DFAT cells have many advantages compared with adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). For example, DFAT cells are homogeneous and could be obtained from donors regardless of their age. Furthermore, DFAT cells also have the same multi-lineage potentials and low immunogenicity as ASCs. As an excellent source of seed cells for tissue engineering and stem cell transplantation, DFAT cells have better prospects in the treatment of many clinical diseases, such as bone defects, neurological diseases, ischemic heart disease and kidney disease. It is necessary to make more intensive studies of DFAT cells. This article summarizes progresses in the immunological characteristics, differentiation ability and potential clinical applications of DFAT cells.
Adipocytes ; cytology ; Cell Dedifferentiation ; Cell Differentiation ; Cells, Cultured ; Humans ; Stem Cell Transplantation ; Tissue Engineering

Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) are pluripotent stem cells isolated from the adipose tissue and have the potential for self-renewal and multi-directional differentiation into neurogenic cells, smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells, and so on. Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a common male sexual dysfunction that has a negative impact on the lives of the patients and their partners. Current treatments of ED include surgery and medication, with oral 5-phosphodiesterase inhibitors as the first-line drugs. However, a small number of the patients are not sensitive to these therapies and cannot be improved or cured pathologically. So far, animal experiments and preclinical trials have confirmed the safety and efficacy of ADSCs, which act on ED though paracrine mechanisms. This review summarizes the advances in the recent 5 years in the studies of ADSCs for the treatment of ED.
Adipocytes ; transplantation ; Adipose Tissue ; cytology ; Animals ; Cell Differentiation ; Erectile Dysfunction ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Stem Cell Transplantation ; methods ; trends

Adipose tissue is an ideal tissue to use as an autologous substitute with which to approach tissue deficiency. Clinically, the use of fat grafts and adipose-derived stem cells has dramatically increased worldwide for reconstructive and aesthetic purposes. Human adipose tissue contains a population of pluripotent stem cells capable of differentiating along multiple mesenchymal cell lineages. Adipose tissue is an abundant, expendable, and easily obtained tissue that may prove to be an ideal source of autologous stem cells for regenerating tissues. The recent identification and characterization of multilineage cells from human adipose tissue has been met with a great deal of excitement by the field of tissue engineering. The authors' laboratory has characterized a population of cells obtained from human adipose tissue that have the capacity to differentiate into osteoblasts, chondrocytes, adipocytes, and neuron-like cells in vitro. This article summarizes the basic study of the adipose tissue as a multipotential stem cell source of tissue engineering techniques that are currently being developed to solve common aesthetic problems.
Adipocytes ; Adipose Tissue ; Cell Lineage ; Cell Transplantation ; Chondrocytes ; Humans ; Osteoblasts ; Pluripotent Stem Cells ; Stem Cells ; Tissue Engineering ; Transplants

OBJECTIVETo investigate the culture method of skin-derived precursors (SKPs) and to explore a new cell source for cell transplantation of central nervous system.

METHODSCells from skins of juvenile and adult mice were isolated and cultured in serum-free medium. A mechanical method was chosen to passage these cells and they were identified by the immunocytochemistry assay.

RESULTSSKPs could be isolated from adult and neonatal skins. They could be maintained in vitro for long periods with stable proliferation, and expanded as undifferentiated cells in culture for more than 12 passages. About 50% of SKPs expressed nestin and majority of these cells expressed fibronectin when they were plated on polyornithine and laminin coated plates. About 5% cells showed neuronal differentiation and expressed neurofilament-M (NF-M) and NSE when SKPs were plated in serum-containing medium, and these cells could also differentiate into adipocytes and fibroblast-like cells.

CONCLUSIONSThe data support the hypothesis that adult skin contains stem cells capable of differentiating into neurons, adipocytes, and fibroblast-like cells. They may represent an alternative autologous stem cell source for CNS cell transplantation.

Adipocytes ; Animals ; Cell Differentiation ; physiology ; Cells, Cultured ; Immunohistochemistry ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Neurons ; Skin ; cytology ; Stem Cell Transplantation

OBJECTIVETo explore the migration of intravenously injected adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ADSCs) in SD rats with soft tissue wound.

METHODS1.8 cm x 1.8 cm full thickness skin defect and 0.5 cm in depth soft tissue defects were made on the back of 6 SD rats. ADSCs were isolated and cultured in vitro for 3 passages. 2.4 x 10(6) ADSCs were labeled with DiI and transplanted into the SD rats through tail vein. Normal skin and wound tissue samples were collected for fluorescent distribution observation 24, 48 days after injection, respectively.

RESULTSCompared to normal skin, more fluorescent positive cells were detected in the margin and deep layer of the wound 24 days after operation. But it is accumulated within dermis and adenoid 48 days after operation.

CONCLUSIONWound can probably induce the migration and accumulation of intravenously transplanted ADSCs.

Adipocytes ; cytology ; Animals ; Cell Movement ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Stem Cell Transplantation ; Stem Cells ; cytology ; Wound Healing ; Wounds and Injuries