The adhesive protein secreted by marine sessile animals can resist the resistance of water and exert stickiness under the humid environment. It has become a candidate for the development of high-performance materials in the field of biomedicine and bionics. Barnacles are as one of the marine macrofoulers that can be firmly attached to the underwater substrate materials with different surface characteristics through its cement proteins. To date, the adhesion process of barnacle has been understood in-depth, but the specific underwater adhesion mechanism has not been elucidated and needs further exploration. This review first presented an overview of barnacle and its adhesion process, followed by summarizing the advances of barnacle adhesive protein, its production methods, and applications. Moreover, challenges and future perspectives were prospected.
Animals ; Thoracica/metabolism* ; Proteins/metabolism* ; Adhesives/metabolism*

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the fixation strength and tissue reaction of the glue fixation and self-stabilizing leg fixation methods and to compare the results with those of the conventional tagging suture fixation method. MATER AND METHODS: Twelve healthy rabbits were selected and three different methods of implanting the port chamber were employed on the back of each rabbit. A total of thirty six port chambers were implanted with these three different methods, viz. the glue fixation method using tissue adhesive, the self-stabilizing leg method using a self-expandable stabilizing leg, and the suture fixation method. The fixation strength and the gross and histopathologic changes of each fixation method were evaluated at three days, one week, two weeks and four weeks after port implantation. RESULTS: The glue fixation method showed a good fixation strength, which was similar to that of the tagging suture method (p=0.3486). Five of the six ports (83%) implanted with the glue fixation method which were examined after two weeks showed cracks on the external surface, but this had no adverse effects on their function. A large amount of granulation tissue reaction was found at the bottom of the chamber (p=0.0025). The fixation with the self-stabilizing leg showed relatively lower fixation strength (p=0.0043), but no turning-over of the chamber occurred. The fixation strength improved with time after the first week, and minimal granulation tissue reaction was observed with this method. CONCLUSION: The glue fixation method exhibited equal fixation strength compared to the suture fixation, but showed cracking and a large amount of granulation tissue, whereas the fixation with a self-stabilizing leg showed weaker fixation strength.
Alloys ; Animals ; Capillaries/cytology/metabolism/pathology ; Cell Proliferation ; Device Removal ; Enbucrilate/therapeutic use ; *External Fixators ; Fibroblasts/metabolism/pathology ; Granulation Tissue/blood supply/metabolism/pathology ; *Implants, Experimental ; Models, Animal ; Rabbits ; Sutures/*utilization ; Time Factors ; Tissue Adhesives/*therapeutic use

The present study was designed to prepare and compare bio-adhesive pellets of panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) with hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose (HPMC), chitosan, and chitosan : carbomer, explore the influence of different bio-adhesive materials on pharmacokinetics behaviors of PNSbio-adhesive pellets, and evaluate the correlation between in vivo absorption and in vitro release (IVIVC). In order to predict the in vivo concentration-time profile by the in vitro release data of bio-adhesive pellets, the release experiment was performed using the rotating basket method in pH 6.8 phosphate buffer. The PNS concentrations in rat plasma were analyzed by HPLC-MS-MS method and the relative bioavailability and other pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated using Kinetica4.4 pharmacokinetic software. Numerical deconvolution method was used to evaluate IVIVC. Our results indicated that, compared with ordinary pellets, PNS bio-adhesive pellets showed increased oral bioavailability by 1.45 to 3.20 times, increased C, and extended MRT. What's more, the release behavior of drug in HPMC pellets was shown to follow a Fickian diffusion mechanism, a synergetic function of diffusion and skeleton corrosion. The in vitro release and the in vivo biological activity had a good correlation, demonstrating that the PNS bio-adhesive pellets had a better sustained release. Numerical deconvolution technique showed the advantage in evaluation of IVIVC for self-designed bio-adhesive pellets with HPMC. In conclusion, the in vitro release data of bio-adhesive pellets with HPMC can predict its concentration-time profile in vivo.
Acrylic Resins ; Adhesives ; Animals ; Chitosan ; Drug Carriers ; Drug Liberation ; In Vitro Techniques ; Intestinal Absorption ; Male ; Methylcellulose ; Panax notoginseng ; chemistry ; Plant Extracts ; administration & dosage ; metabolism ; pharmacokinetics ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Saponins ; administration & dosage ; metabolism ; pharmacokinetics