The purpose of this study was to determine the optimal composite recipe of rice muffin using three different amounts of Chinese artichoke (Stachys sieboldii MIQ) powder, brown sugar, and egg. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to obtain 16 experimental points (including three replicates of Chinese artichoke powder, brown sugar, and egg), and the Chinese artichoke rice muffin formulation was optimized using rheology. The results of the sensory evaluation showed very significant values for color, texture, sweetness, and overall quality (P<0.05). The results of the color, texture, and chemical analyses showed significant values for crumb redness (P<0.01), crumb yellowness (P<0.05), crust redness (P<0.05), crust yellowness (P<0.001), crust lightness (P<0.05), adhesiveness (P<0.01), springiness (P<0.001), gumminess (P<0.01), cohesiveness (P<0.05), moisture content (P<0.05), and sweetness (P<0.05). As a result, optimum formulations obtained by numerical and graphical methods were found to be 8.28 g of Chinese artichoke powder, 66.20 g of brown sugar, 111.72 g of sticky rice powder, 30 g of rice powder, and 59.37 g of egg.
Adhesiveness ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group* ; Cynara scolymus* ; Humans ; Ovum ; Rheology

Fibrinogen (Fg) in human plasma plays an important role in hemostasis, vascular repair and tissue integrity. The surface chemistry of extracellular matrix or biological materials affects the orientation and distribution of Fg, and changes the exposure of integrin binding sites, thereby affecting its adhesion function to platelets. Here, the quantity, morphology and side chain exposure of Fg adsorbed on hydrophilic, hydrophobic and avidin surfaces were measured by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and flow cytometry (FCM), then the rolling behavior of platelets on Fg was observed through a parallel plate flow chamber system. Our results show that the hydrophobic surface leads to a large amount of cross-linking and aggregation of Fg, while the hydrophilic surface reduces the adsorption and accumulation of Fg while causing the exposure and spreading of the α chain on Fg and further mediating the adhesion of platelets. Fg immobilized by avidin / biotin on hydrophilic surface can maintain the monomer state, avoid over exposure and stretching of α chain, and bind to the platelets activated by the A1 domain of von Willebrand factor instead of inactivated platelets. This study would be helpful for improving the blood compatibility of implant biomaterials and reasonable experimental design of coagulation
Adsorption ; Blood Platelets ; Fibrinogen ; Humans ; Platelet Adhesiveness ; von Willebrand Factor

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of interaction of the talin rod domain integrin binding site 2 with integrin β3 on platelet signal transduction.

METHODSA peptide that mimics the membrane proximal α helix 6 residues R724 KEFAK729 of the integrin β3 cytoplasmic tails was designed and synthesized, to which the myristoylation was covalently linked to the N-terminal of the peptide enabling membrane penetration. The effects of myr-RKEFAK peptide on the typical platelet outside-in signaling ovent (stable adhesion and spreading on immobilized fibrinogen, aggregation, fibrin clot retraction) and inside-out signaling events (soluble fibrinogen binding) were tested.

RESULTSmyr-RKEFAK peptide dose-dependently inhibited platelet stable adhesion and spreading on immobilized fibrinogen, irreversible aggregation, as well as fibrin clot retraction, but not soluble fibrinogen binding and reversible phase of platelet aggregation.

CONCLUSIONThe cell-penetrating peptide myr-RKEFAK causes an inhibitory effect on integrin β3 outside-in signaling-regulated platelets functions, but did not affect inside-out signaling-regulated platelets functions.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of physical properties of foods on the changes of viscosity and mass as well as the particle size distribution after mastication. METHOD: Twenty subjects with no masticatory disorders were recruited. Six grams of four solid foods of different textures (banana, tofu, cooked-rice, cookie) were provided, and the viscosity and mass after 10, 20, and 30 cycles of mastication and just before swallowing were measured. The physical properties of foods, such as hardness, cohesiveness, and adhesiveness, were measured with a texture analyzer. Wet sieving and laser diffraction were used to determine the distribution of food particle size. RESULTS: When we measured the physical characteristics of foods, the cookie was the hardest food, and the banana exhibited marked adhesiveness. Tofu and cooked-rice exhibited a highly cohesive nature. As the number of mastication cycles increased, the masses of all foods were significantly increased (p<0.05), and the viscosity was significantly decreased in the case of banana, tofu, and cooked-rice (p<0.05). The mass and viscosity of all foods were significantly different between the foods after mastication (p<0.05). Analyzing the distribution of the particle size, that of the bolus was different between foods. However, the curves representing the particle size distribution for each food were superimposable for most subjects. CONCLUSION: The viscosity and particle size distribution of the bolus were different between solid foods that have different physical properties. Based on this result, the mastication process and food bolus formation were affected by the physical properties of the food.
Adhesiveness ; Deglutition ; Hardness ; Mastication ; Musa ; Particle Size ; Rheology ; Soy Foods ; Viscosity

HAP-Glass-alpha-Al2O3 gradient coating on alumina ceramics substrate was prepared by multi-layer slurry-dipping and sintering process, effects of the composition of the coating on the microstructure and adhesion strength of the gradient coating were studied. R2O-Al2O3-B2O3-SiO2 system glass with low softening temperature and thermal expansion was used in the gradient coating. The composition of the coating was varied from interface to surface layer, i.e. the HAP concentration increased and glass concentration decreased gradually from the under layer to the surface layer. A suitable amount superfine alpha-Al2O3 was added in the gradient coating to reinforce the bonding strength between the coating and substrate. The results show that the use of R2O-Al2O3-B2O3-SiO2 system glass is propitious to sintering the coating at low temperature and to combination between the coating and substrate. The addition of superfine alpha-Al2O3 can reinforce the bonding strength between the coating and substrate, the highest bonding strength is about 48.2 MPa.
Adhesiveness ; Aluminum Oxide ; chemistry ; Ceramics ; chemistry ; Coated Materials, Biocompatible ; chemistry ; Durapatite ; chemistry ; Glass ; chemistry

In this study, the diamond like carbon (DLC) samples made from different processes and processing conditions, were subjected to the test of platelet adhesion. The surface energy parameters such as surface tension, critical surface tension, interface tension, adhesive power, and polar branch and chromatic dispersion branch of surface tension based on determining balanced contact angle of ethanol, water and different ratios of ethanol/water solution on surfaces of the samples were calculated, respectively. Then the effects of these parameters on the amounts and deformation index of the platelets adhering to the samples were assessed by analyzing the T-type correlation degree in the Grey system. The results showed: (1) all degrees of correlation between surface energy parameters and adhesion amounts of platelet are positive, but for deformation index, the correlation degrees are negative except for critical surface tension; (2) the adhesion amounts of platelet increase with the rising polar branch of surface tension, while the deformation index increases with rising chromatic dispersion branch of surface tension; (3) Both adhesion amounts and deformation index of platelet are positively correlated with critical surface tension to a higher degrees; (4) the effects of polar branch of surface tension on adhesion amounts and deformation index of platelet keep pace with the surface tension, interface tension and adhesive power. Thus two important conclusions have been obtained: (1) the adhesive characteristic of platelets to the surface of DLC is closely related with the surface energy of DLC; the hemocompatibility of DLC is decided by the balance between the polarity of DLC surface and the limited humidifying water on the surface; there is a blood compatible range delimited by critical surface tension; (2) adhesion and deformation of platelets on surface of DLC have different energy mechanism: polar surface is advantageous to the adhesion, while the deformation is achieved with the aid of chromatic dispersion action stem from the surface.
Biocompatible Materials ; chemistry ; Carbon ; chemistry ; Diamond ; chemistry ; Humans ; Materials Testing ; Platelet Adhesiveness ; Surface Properties

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of nano-sized carbon as a dispersed phase on blood compatibility of polyurethanes.

METHODSA novel nanoscale polymeric composite film was prepared by dispersing nano-sized carbon fiber (vapor growth carbon fiber) into the polyurethane solutions. The surface blood compatibilities of the composites were analyzed and evaluated through platelet adhesion measurement using epifluorescent video microscopy and the variation of fibrinogen and free hemoglobin concentration in the blood contacting the composite respectively.

RESULTSIt was showed that the platelet adhesions were highly suppressed on the composite surfaces pre-adsorbed or non-pre-adsorbed with fibrinogen. The changes of the concentration for both free hemoglobin and fibrinogen in the blood contacting the composite surface in the circulations were less than the ones contacting the reference surface.

CONCLUSIONSIntroducing nano-sized carbon into the polyurethane matrix showed an improvement of antithrombogenicity for the polyurethane materials. It might be a new promising way to develop biomaterials with good blood compatibility.

Copoly (benzyl glutamate-hydroxy ethyl glutamine) were prepared by partially aminolysis of poly benzyl glutamate with hydroxyl ethylamine at 60 degrees C for predeternined period. As aminolysis was proceeding, the content of hydroxy ethyl glutamine in copolymer increased and the yield of aminolysis decreased. When aminolysis time reached 16.5 hours, a copolymer with 0.357 mole fraction of hydroxy ethyl glutamine was obtained. After 16.5 hours a soluble yellow viscous product of reaction was obtained. The aminolysized specimens displayed more swelling degree in water, that is, more hydrophilits. The meassurement of solid-liquid contact angles showed that an increase in critical surface tention with content of hydroxy ethyl glutamine in copolymer was observed. Likewise a obvious increase in polar component and a slight decrease in dispersive of surface free energy, thus an increase in total surface free energy with content of hydroxy ethyl glutamine was found. The platelet adhesion and deformation test indicated that less platelets were adhered to surfaces of all aminolysized specimens than that of both poly benzyl glutamate and polydimethylsilicone. The least adhered platelets on surface of copolymer with 0.133 mole fraction of content of hydroxy ethyl glutamine were observed. The partiall aminolysis of poly benzyl glutamate films is an effective method to improve its hydrophility and antithrombogenicity.
Animals ; In Vitro Techniques ; Male ; Materials Testing ; Platelet Adhesiveness ; Polyglutamic Acid ; analogs & derivatives ; chemistry ; Rabbits ; Surface Properties

In the present paper, adhesive test, morphology observation, classified counting and deformation index calculation of the platelets on seven DLC samples made by different processes were carried out after XPS analysis, respectively. Then the effects of carbon phase components on amounts and deformation index of the platelets adhered to the samples were investigated by using the analysis of T-type correlation degree in the grey system theory. It has been shown from results that the amounts and the deformation index of the platelets adhered to the DLC samples made by plasma source ion implantation-ion beam enhanced deposition (PSII-IBED) are obviously less than those of DLC samples made by plasma CVD. The correlation degrees (negative) between the DLC carbon phase and the amounts as well as the deformation index of platelets are much more than those of the other four carbon phase components; besides, larger correlation degrees (positive) only appear between the deformation index of platelets and the C-H carbon phase or C-O carbon phase. It has been indicated that: (1) the effect of DLC carbon phase on platelets adhesion is much greater than that of the other four carbon phase components, the key to improvement in the hemocompatibility of DLC is to increase the DLC carbon phase content; (2) it is necessary to restrain the form or decrease the C-H carbon phase content and C-O carbon phase content so as to control their promotive action on deformation of the platelets adhered to the surface of DLC; (3) using PSII-IBED process to prepare DLC is helpful to improving the hemocompatibility of DLC. These conclusions are essential for designing and improving the deposition process of DLC.
Biocompatible Materials ; Carbon ; chemistry ; Diamond ; chemistry ; Humans ; Male ; Materials Testing ; Models, Biological ; Platelet Adhesiveness

It has been well known that fluorinated polyurethanes exhibit unique low surface energy, biocompatibility, biostability and nonsticking behavior. Consequently, these polymers have attracted considerable interest. In this study, the effect of various concentrations of fluorinated polyurethanes in the polyurethanes on the surface structures of the blends and their hemocompatibility were investigated by XPS, AFM, contact angle and platelet adhesion. It was found that the high concentration fluorine on the outer surfaces of the blends obtained with the low concentration of fluorinated polyurethanes (F: 0.342 wt%) in the blends was the same as that of the fluorinated poly(ether urethane)s, and all of the blends and the fluorinated poly(ether urethane)s had good hemocompatibility, compared with poly(ether urethane)s. The polymer blends and fluorinated poly(ether urethane)s suppressed platelet adhesion due to their high hydrophobicity and low surface tension. The XPS, AMF and contact angle results indicated that the high hydrophobicity of outer surface of the polyurethane blends is independent of the fluorinated polyurethanes content in the polymer blends but related to the concentration of the CF3 groups because the lower critical surface tensions and higher contact angle of many fluorinated surfaces reflect the concentration of CF3 groups.
Coated Materials, Biocompatible ; chemistry ; Ethers ; Fluorine ; Humans ; Platelet Adhesiveness ; Polyurethanes ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Prostheses and Implants ; Surface Properties