The temperature-sensitive hemagglutinin (Tsh) expressed by strains of avian pathogenic Escherichia (E.) coli (APEC) has both agglutinin and protease activities. Tsh is synthesized as a 140 kDa precursor protein, whose processing results in a 106 kDa passenger domain (Tsh(s)) and a 33 kDa beta-domain (Tsh(beta)). In this study, both recombinant Tsh (rTsh) and supernatants from APEC, which contain Tsh(s) (106 kDa), caused proteolysis of chicken tracheal mucin. Both rTsh (140 kDa) and pellets from wild-type APEC, which contain Tsh(beta) (33 kDa), agglutinated chicken erythrocytes. On Western blots, the anti-rTsh antibody recognized the rTsh and 106 kDa proteins in recombinant E. coli BL21/pET 101-Tsh and in the supernatants from APEC grown at either 37degrees C or 42degrees C. Anti-rTsh also recognized a 33 kDa protein in the pellets from APEC13 cultures grown in either Luria-Bertani agar, colonization factor antigen agar, or mucin agar at either 26degrees C, 37degrees C, or 42degrees C, and in the extracts of outer membrane proteins of APEC. The 106 kDa protein was more evident when the bacteria were grown at 37degrees C in mucin agar, and it was not detected when the bacteria were grown at 26degrees C in any of the culture media used in this study. Chicken anti-Tsh serum inhibited hemagglutinating and mucinolytic activities of strain APEC13 and recombinant E. coli BL21/pET101-Tsh. This work suggests that the mucinolytic activity of Tsh might be important for the colonization of the avian tracheal mucous environment by APEC.
Adhesins, Escherichia coli/*metabolism ; Brazil ; Escherichia coli/*metabolism ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial ; Hemagglutination ; Mucins/metabolism ; Protein Transport ; Recombinant Proteins/isolation & purification/metabolism

An Escherichia coli strain (SEPT13) isolated from the liver of a hen presenting clinical signs of septicaemia had a LD(50) of 4.0 x 10(5) CFU/ml in one-day-old chickens, expressed Ia, Ib, E1, E3, K and B colicins and aerobactin. The strain was ampicillin and streptomycin resistant, and found to have fimA, csgA and tsh DNA related sequences; it could adhere to and invade HEp-2 and tracheal epithelial cells, expressed fimbriae (observed by electron microscopy), and had five plasmids of 2.7, 4.7, 43, 56, and 88 MDa. Transposon mutagenesis of strain SEPT13, with transposon TnphoA, resulted in a mutant strain named ST16 that had a LD(50) of 1.2 x 10(12) CFU/ml. All other biological characteristics of strain ST16 were the same as those detected for strain SEPT13 except for the migration of an 88 MDa plasmid to the 93 MDa position indicating the insertion of the transposon into the 88 MDa plasmid. The 93 MDa plasmid of strain ST16 was transferred, by electroporation assay, to non-pathogenic receptor strains (E. coli strains K12 MS101 and HB101), resulting in transformant strains A and B, respectively. These strains exhibited adhesion properties to in vitro cultivated HEp-2 cells but did not have the capacity for invasion. The adherence occurred despite the absence of fimbriae; this finding suggests that the 88 MDa plasmid has afimbrial adhesin genes.
Adhesins, Escherichia coli/*genetics/*metabolism ; Animals ; Chickens ; Escherichia coli/genetics/*metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial ; Plasmids/*genetics/metabolism ; Poultry Diseases/*microbiology ; Sepsis/*microbiology

OBJECTIVETo obtain highly purified intimin encoded by the eae gene and study its adhesion activity.

METHODSThe eae gene was amplified from enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 (EHEC) chromosome by PCR and cloned into pMD19-T vector. The eae gene was cut from pMD19-T vector and subcloned into the prokaryotic expression plasmid pET28a(+), and expressed in E.coli BL21(DE3). The recombinant protein was purified with Ni(2+)-chelating affinity chromatography followed by identification with SDS-PAGE and Western blotting. The purified intimin was detected by immunofluorescence staining to test its adhesion.

RESULTSThe 2805-bp eae gene fragment was obtained, and the recombinant expression plasmid pET28a(+)-eae was successfully expressed in E.coli BL21 (DE3). The molecular weight of the recombinant protein was 97 000. Purified recombinant intimin was recognized by rabbit anti-O157 antiserum, and bound to the surface of HEp-2 cells as revealed by immunofluorescence staining.

CONCLUSIONHighly purified and immunoreactive intimin has been successfully obtained, which can adhere to the surface of HEp-2 cells. The acquisition of recombinant intimin provides the basis for studying its interaction with the host receptors during EHEC O157:H7 infection.

Adhesins, Bacterial ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; metabolism ; Animals ; Blotting, Western ; Cell Adhesion ; Cell Line ; Cloning, Molecular ; Escherichia coli ; genetics ; Escherichia coli O157 ; Escherichia coli Proteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; metabolism ; Gene Expression ; Plasmids ; genetics

The cp36 gene encoding an adhesive protein was amplified by PCR from genomic DNA of rabbit P. multocida C51-3 strain, and cloned into the pMD18-T vector and then sequenced. The mature adhesive protein without a signal peptide of cpm36 gene was amplified by PCR from the recombinant plasmid pMD18-cp36, then cloned into the prokaryotic expression vector pQE30 to provide a recombinant plasmid pQE30-cpm36. The recombinant protein of CPM36 was produced in Escherichia coli M15 harboring the recombinant plasmid pQE30-cpm36 by IPTG induction, and the recombinant protein purified by the affinity chromatography with Ni(2+)-NTA resin. The sequence analyses showed that the ORF of cp36 gene was 1032 bp in length, and DNA homology of the cp36 genes between the C51-3 strain and the previously reported different serotype strains of P. multocida in GenBank was 76.9 to 100%. The SDS-PAGE analyses revealed a single fusion protein band with a molecular weight of 37 kD, and the Western blotting analysis demonstrated that the recombinant protein CPM36 and native 36 kD protein of C51-3 were recognized specifically by an antiserum against the recombinant protein, suggesting that the recombinant protein is an antigenic protein.
Adhesins, Bacterial ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; immunology ; Animals ; Cloning, Molecular ; Escherichia coli ; genetics ; metabolism ; Pasteurella multocida ; chemistry ; Rabbits ; microbiology ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; immunology

The 987P fimbriae of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) mediates adhesive interactions with brush border vesicle (BBV) of the intestinal epithelial cells from the neonatal piglets. By adhering to intestinal epithelial cells, producing localized multiplication, the 987P ETEC can progress to mucosal surface colonization and concomitant effective enterotoxin delivery. To identify the receptors for the 987P, BBV proteins from piglet intestinal villous epithelial cells were separated by SDS-PAGE and analyzed by Ligand blot, protein bands with a set of 32-35 kD recognized by the 987P fimbriae were subjected to in gel proteolysis with trypsin. The tryptic fragments were separated by microbore reversed phase HPLC(RP-HPLC), samples shown to contain one major peak by MALDI-MS were submitted to Edman sequencing, three peptides were sequenced successfully and the all of three peptides matched the sequences of human or porcine histone H1 proteins. Porcine histone H1 proteins isolated from both piglet intestinal epithelial cells and BBV demonstrated the same SDS-PAGE migration pattern and 987P-binding properties as the 987P-specific protein receptors from piglet intestinal brush border did. The above results indicated that the 987P protein receptors are piglet BBV-derived Histone H1 proteins.
Adhesins, Escherichia coli ; metabolism ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli ; metabolism ; pathogenicity ; Escherichia coli Infections ; microbiology ; veterinary ; Fimbriae Proteins ; metabolism ; Fimbriae, Bacterial ; chemistry ; Histones ; genetics ; metabolism ; Host-Pathogen Interactions ; Intestinal Mucosa ; metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Receptors, Cell Surface ; genetics ; metabolism ; Swine

OBJECTIVETo determine the effects of lactose inducing on the expression of recombinant Helicobacter pylori rUreB and rhpaA, and Escherichia coli rLTB and rLTKA63.

METHODSBIO-RAD gel image analysis system was applied to detect the outputs of the recombinant proteins. SDS-PAGE was performed to measure the target protein expression of recombinant genes at various periods of growth, different lactose concentrations, various inducing temperatures and times. The results of the target protein expression induced by lactose were compared to those by isopropyl-beta-D-thiogalactoside (IPTG).

RESULTSLactose showed higher efficiency to induce the expression of rHpaA, rUreB, rLTB and rLTKA63 than IPTG. The expression outputs of target recombinant proteins induced at 37 degrees C were remarkably higher than those at 28 degrees C. The optimal expression parameters were 0.8 of OD600 value, 50 g/L of lactose, 4 hours of inducing time for rHpaA, and 1.2 of OD600 value, 100 g/L of lactose, 5 hours of inducing time for both the rUreB and rLtB,and 0.8 of OD600 value, 100 g/L of lactose, 4 hours for rLTKA63.

CONCLUSIONLactose, a sugar with non-toxicity and low cost, is able to induce the recombinant genes to express the target proteins with higher efficiency than IPTG.

Adhesins, Bacterial ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Bacterial Toxins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Bacterial Vaccines ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Enterotoxins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Escherichia coli ; genetics ; metabolism ; Escherichia coli Proteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Genetic Engineering ; Helicobacter Infections ; prevention & control ; Helicobacter pylori ; genetics ; metabolism ; Humans ; Lactose ; pharmacology ; Recombinant Proteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Urease ; genetics ; Vaccines, Synthetic ; biosynthesis ; genetics