No abstract available.
Adenylyl Cyclases* ; Graves Disease* ; Humans ; Thyroid Gland*

Fibrous dysplasia, a rare bony disease, is characterized by substitution of normal bone with immature tissue embedded in a fibrous stroma. The localization of fibrous dysplasia only at the middle turbinate is an extremely rare event. The causes of fibrous dysplasia are still unknown. Recently, attention has been focused on a defect in the adenylate cyclase signal transduction system found in the pathological tissues. Nasal endoscopy shows turbinate enlargement that can be mistaken for a concha bullosa. We report a case of fibrous dysplasia confined in the bilateral middle turbinates.
Adenylyl Cyclases ; Endoscopy ; Signal Transduction ; Turbinates*

No Abstract Available.
Adenylyl Cyclases* ; GTP-Binding Proteins* ; Receptors, Cell Surface*

Adenylyl cyclase type-5 (AC5) is preferentially expressed in the dorsal striatum. Recently, we reported that AC5 knockout (KO) mice preferred food pellets carrying an olfactory cue produced by AC5 KO mice during food consumption (AC5 KO pellets) over food pellets that had been taken by wildtype (WT) mice. In the present study, we demonstrated that whisker trimming on the right side of the face but not the left in AC5 KO mice blocked the behavioral preference for AC5 KO pellets. Conversely, whisker trimming on the right but not the left in WT mice induced a behavioral preference for AC5 KO pellets. Mice lacking D2 dopamine receptor (D2 KO mice) also showed a behavioral preference for AC5 KO pellets. In D2 mice, whisker trimming on the right side of the face but not the left blocked a behavioral preference for AC5 KO food pellets. AC5 KO mice had increased level of phospho-CaMKIIα in the dorsal striatum, and WT mice with whiskers cut on either side also showed increased p-CaMKIIα level in the dorsal striatum. The siRNA-mediated inhibition of CaMKIIα in the dorsal striatum in either the right or the left hemisphere in AC5 KO mice and D2 KO mice blocked the behavioral preference for AC5 KO pellets. However, behavioral changes induced by this inhibition on each side showed asymmetrical time courses. These results suggest that an unconditioned behavioral preference for specific food pellets can be switched on or off based on the balance of states of neural activity in the dorsal striatum regulated by a signaling pathway centered on AC5 and D2 and the sensory inputs of whiskers from the right side of the face.
Animals ; Cues ; Mice ; Receptors, Dopamine ; Vibrissae* ; Adenylyl Cyclases

Adenylyl cyclase type-5 (AC5) is preferentially expressed in the dorsal striatum. Recently, we reported that AC5 knockout (KO) mice preferred food pellets carrying an olfactory cue produced by AC5 KO mice during food consumption (AC5 KO pellets) over food pellets that had been taken by wildtype (WT) mice. In the present study, we demonstrated that whisker trimming on the right side of the face but not the left in AC5 KO mice blocked the behavioral preference for AC5 KO pellets. Conversely, whisker trimming on the right but not the left in WT mice induced a behavioral preference for AC5 KO pellets. Mice lacking D2 dopamine receptor (D2 KO mice) also showed a behavioral preference for AC5 KO pellets. In D2 mice, whisker trimming on the right side of the face but not the left blocked a behavioral preference for AC5 KO food pellets. AC5 KO mice had increased level of phospho-CaMKIIα in the dorsal striatum, and WT mice with whiskers cut on either side also showed increased p-CaMKIIα level in the dorsal striatum. The siRNA-mediated inhibition of CaMKIIα in the dorsal striatum in either the right or the left hemisphere in AC5 KO mice and D2 KO mice blocked the behavioral preference for AC5 KO pellets. However, behavioral changes induced by this inhibition on each side showed asymmetrical time courses. These results suggest that an unconditioned behavioral preference for specific food pellets can be switched on or off based on the balance of states of neural activity in the dorsal striatum regulated by a signaling pathway centered on AC5 and D2 and the sensory inputs of whiskers from the right side of the face.
Animals ; Cues ; Mice ; Receptors, Dopamine ; Vibrissae* ; Adenylyl Cyclases

To identify the role of the myocardial beta-adrenergic pathway in congestive heart failure, we examined beta-adrenergic receptor density and C-AMP by receptor assay with mononuclrear cell and polymorphonuclear cell in 7 cases of normal control and 7 cases of congestive heart failure. The results were as follows: 1)The mean serum concerntrations of norepinephrine(566.00+/-48.12 pg/ml)and epinephrine(353.14+/-44.24 pg/ml) in congestive heart failure group were significantly higher than those(218.12+/-17.08 pg/ml, 187.23+/-24.62 pg/ml)in normal contral group(P<0.05 for each comparison). 2) In normal control group, the receptor concentration of mononuclear cell was 35.51+/-19.19 fmol/mg and that of polymorphonuclrear cell was 35.53+/-15.05 fmol/mg. The affinity constant of mononuclear cell was(2.47+/-0.42)x10(9)/m and that of polymorphonuclear cell was(2.24+/-0.58)x10(9)/m. 3) In congestive heart failure group, the receptor concentration of mononuclear cell(29.31+/-5.41 fmol/mg) was significantly lower than that in normal control group(p<0.05). And the affinity constant(3.57+/-1.02)x10(9)/m) was significantly higher than that in normal control group(p<0.05). 4) In congestive heart failue group, the receptor concentration of polymorphonuclear cell(33.15+/-10.46 fmol/mg) was not significantly different from that in normal control group. And the affinity constant(2.66+/-0.43)x109/m) was not significantly different from that in normal control group. 5) In congestive heart failure group, the C-AMP concentrations of mononuclear cell(basal 119.9+/-17.2 pmol/min/mg, isoproterenol stimulation 137.2+/-23.2 pmol/min/mg) were significantly lower than those(basal 205.2+/-21.1 pmol/min/mg, isoproterenol stimulation 267.5+/-34.3 pmol/min/mg) in normal control group(p<0.05 for each comparison). 6) In congestive heart failure group, the C-AMP concentrations of polymorphonuclear cell(basal 115.2+/-34.3 pmol/min/mg, isoproterenol stimulation 142.5+/-20.5 pmol/min/mg) were significantly lower thatn those(basal 186.3+/-24.2 pmol/min/mg, isoproterenol stimulation 233.4+/-32.2 pmol/min/mg) in normal control group(P<0.05 for each comparison). In conclusion, a decrease in beta-adrenergic density in congestive heart failure leads to subsensitivity of the beta-adrenergic pathway and decreased beta-agonist-stimulated contraction. However, other factors may be important in adenylate cyclase activation, and so further research is needed.
Adenylyl Cyclases ; Estrogens, Conjugated (USP)* ; Heart ; Heart Failure* ; Isoproterenol ; Plasma*

Oxytocin, like vasopressin, has been known to act in the IMCD by the activation of adenylyl cyclase through V2 receptor, but the exact mechanism of its action remains to be elucidated. To prove whether oxytocin is involved in the activation of adenylyl cyclase in the renal collecting duct, we measured the cAMP production and urinary cAMP excretion rate. After single IMCD segments of Sprague-Dawley rats were microdissected and treated with different con- centrations of vasopressin(10pM, 10nM) and oxytocin (10pM, 10nM), cAMP production was measured. Urinary cAMP excretion rate was measured after dehydration and intraperitoneal injection of vasopressin and oxytocin. The results are as follows. 1) cAMP production in single IMCD was significantly increased in vasopressin group(10pM: 48,9+/-4.7(mean+/-SE), 10nM:94.6+/-5.3fmol/mm) and oxy-tocin group(10pM: 11.3+/-2.9, 10nM: 65.7+/-6.1fmol/mm) compared with that in the control(3.2+/-0.2fmol/ mm). 2) Urine volume was significantly decreased in dehydration group(40+/-7Ml/hour) and vasopressin group(420+/-120Ml/hour), but urine volume of oxytocin group(1,480+/-230Ml/hour) was not different from that of control(1,550+/-120Ml/hour). Urine osmolality was significantly increased in all experimental groups(control: 737.0+/-132.6, dehydration group : 2,463.9+/- 412.5, vasopressin group : 1,702+/-412.5, oxytocin group 1,293.4+/-117.9mOsm/kg). Urinary cAMP excretion rate was significantly increased in dehydration group(4,149.5+/-1,072.3pmol/hour) and oxytocin group(4,843.3+/-2,341.8pmol/hour), but not in vasopressin group(1,358.1+/-690.2pmol/hour), compared with that in control(49+/-10.7pmoVhour). These results suggest that oxytacin has anti-diuretic effect by the activation of adenylyl cyclase through V2 receptor.
Adenylyl Cyclases ; Dehydration ; Injections, Intraperitoneal ; Osmolar Concentration ; Oxytocin* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, Vasopressin ; Vasopressins

Vibrio vulnificus causes fatal infections in susceptible individuals. Group 1 capsular polysaccharide (CPS) operon is responsible for CPS expression, which plays an essential role in the pathogenesis of this pathogen. Cyclic AMP (cAMP) and cAMP receptor protein (crp) complex, which responds to glucose availability and functions as a global regulator, has been known to affect CPS production in this pathogen. This study was undertaken to experimentally verify whether cAMP-Crp directly or indirectly affects CPS production. A mutation in cyaA encoding adenylate cyclase, which is required for cAMP biosynthesis, inhibited V. vulnificus growth and changed opaque colonies to translucent colonies, and these changes were recovered by complementing cyaA or by adding exogenous cAMP. A mutation in crp encoding Crp also inhibited V. vulnificus growth and changed opaque colonies to translucent colonies, and these changes were recovered by complementing crp. Moreover, the crp or cyaA mutation decreased the susceptibility of V. vulnificus against NaOCl. The crp mutation reduced the transcription levels of group 1 CPS operon on a per cell basis. Glucose addition in the absence of Crp stimulated V. vulnificus growth, changed translucent colonies to opaque colonies, and increased the transcription levels of group 1 CPS operon. These results indicate that cAMP or Crp is indirectly involved in optimal CPS production by positively affecting metabolism or V. vulnificus growth rather than by directly controlling the expression of group 1 CPS operon.
Adenylyl Cyclases ; Complement System Proteins ; Cyclic AMP Receptor Protein ; Cyclic AMP* ; Glucose ; Metabolism ; Operon ; Vibrio vulnificus

Vibrio vulnificus causes rapid progressing fulminant infections in susceptible individuals, especially those with elevated serum iron levels. This ferrophilic bacterium can directly acquire iron from heme-containing proteins, such as, hemoglobin, via its heme receptor protein HupA. This study was undertaken to determine the roles of cyclic AMP-receptor protein (Crp) as an activator and of ferric uptake regulator (Fur) as a repressor in regulating hupA expression at various iron and glucose concentrations. Under severely iron-deficient conditions, hupA expression in the absence of Crp was induced albeit at low levels and repressed by the addition of iron. In contrast, hupA expression in the presence of Crp was increased by the addition of iron. Under moderately iron-deficient and iron-sufficient conditions, iron addition repressed hupA expression in the presence of Fur, but not in the absence of Fur. Glucose addition repressed hupA expression in the presence of Fur but not in the absence of Fur. Furthermore, a mutation in cyaA encoding adenylate cyclase required for cAMP synthesis hupA expression, and this repression was prevented by the exogenous addition of cAMP. These results indicate that hupA expression is under the coordinate control of cAMP or Crp, which responds to glucose availability, and of Fur, which responds to iron availability, and that Crp is not essential for the constitutional expression of hupA, but is required for the optimal expression of hupA, whereas Fur is essential for the prevention of hupA over-expression.
Adenylyl Cyclases ; Glucose ; Heme ; Hemoglobins ; Iron ; Proteins ; Receptors, Cell Surface ; Repression, Psychology ; Vibrio ; Vibrio vulnificus

Authors concluded an experimental study in order to find out what the effects of parathyroid hormone on cells derived from human Trabecular bone in vitro are on terms of proliferation of cells, adenylate cyclase activity and production of small substances such as osteocalcin and collagen type I. The results were as follows; 1. 3H-thymidine incorporation into cultured osteoblast was initially low (day 1–2), increased by exponential curve from day 3 till day 11. The uptakes of 3H-thymidine by osteoblasts, when bovine parathyroid hormone was added, increased dose-dependently. Greater increments were seen at concentrations of bovine PTH higher than 5.0 X10-8 mole. 2. Intracellular c-AMP accumulation was stimulated by bovine PTH in a dose-dependent manner and greater production was seen at concentrations of bovine PHT higher than 5.0 X10-8 mole. Maximal stimulation was observed at 1 X10-7 mole of bovine PTH. The concentrations of c-AMP were observed significantly higher in the presence of bovine PTH in a dose-dependent manner when compared to those of bovine PTH-absent culture condition. 3. Treatment with bovine parathyroid hormone of cultured osteoblasts resulted in increase of alkaline phophatase activity and synthesis of osteocalcin in the cultured media in a dose-dependent manner. Greater productions were observed at concentrations of bovine PTH higher than 5.0 X10-8 mole. 4. Synthesis of type I collagen by cultured osteoblasts in bovine PTH-added media was inversely proportional to their concentration, whereas control group showed minimal increments of no significance. These in vitro findings may suggest that PTH has a stimulatory effect on proliferation of osteoblast, c-AMP production and alkaline phosphatase activity in a direct manner.
Adenylyl Cyclases ; Alkaline Phosphatase ; Cell Proliferation ; Collagen Type I ; Humans ; In Vitro Techniques ; Osteoblasts ; Osteocalcin ; Parathyroid Hormone